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Relations of the Turkish Justice and Development Party with the Iraqi Kurdistan Regional Government and the Syrian Democratic Union Party between 2011 and 2014
Gümplová, Anna ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Horák, Slavomír (referee)
This thesis compares relations between the Turkish ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) the Syrian Democratic Union Party (PYD) and the Iraqi Kurdish Regional Government (KRG) between 2011 and 2014 on the background of its Kurdish minority policy and approach to the Kurdish Workers' Party (PKK). Since AKP came to power the governmental approach towards so called "Kurdish question" have changed and it started to be more open to negotiations with the PKK. However, there were major changes in the AKP's stance on the "Kurdish question" during the peace processes with the PKK. In 2011 the AKP established closer, especially economic, relations with the KRG. This profitable partnership included a cooperation regarding the approach towards the PKK. In 2014 problems arose when Turkey almost did not help KRG militarily in its fights against ISIS. Turkey's approach towards the PYD was from its conception hostile, which has even worsened after the launch of the Syrian civil war, because PYD was getting stronger politically and militarily. The thesis describes different approaches of the AKP towards KRG and PYD and substantiates it on the background of the issue of the Kurdish question.
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Government censorship of new media in Erdogan's Turkey
Hein, Jakub ; Moravec, Václav (advisor) ; Osvaldová, Barbora (referee)
1 Abstract This bachelor thesis entitled "Government censorship of new media in Erdoğan's Turkey" researches the nature of new media landscape in Turkey between 2014 and 2016. It tries to answer the question whether the new media in Turkey are free and whether they are being in any way controlled by the Justice and Development Party (AKP) or by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. For the purpose of this research, the author first established the theoretical background and presents various forms of the relationships between media, democracy and democratic society. Also, the author examines this relationship from the perspective of new media and describes strategies that are being used by the AKP while using new media. The author elaborates by presenting examples of new technologies that are being used in Turkey in order to regulate the access to new media and social networks. He also describes various methods that can be used to remove unwanted content from these sites. He also presents examples of occasions when various sites and networks were made inaccessible in Turkey. He points out the possibilities of automated internet content monitoring and the risks of supervision of citizens' communication through state owned internet infrastructure.
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The decline of Islamic radicalism in the Bosniak ethnic space at the turn of the millennium
Červenková, Romana ; Pikal, Kamil (advisor) ; Žíla, Ondřej (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with decline of Salafi and Wahhabi Islamic radicalism in the Bosniak ethnic space in 90s and in the beginning of 21st century. The area of interest in this thesis will be the Federation of Bosnia and Hercegovina, Brčko District, which is administrated by the Federation and Republika Srbska and Sandžak, which lies within the territory of Montenegro and Serbia. After brief introduction of theological basis and spreading mechanisms of analyzed radical movements, the author gives a detailed description of the boom of the Salafi movement in Bosnia and Herzegovina during the war (1992-1995). The emphasis is put on the crucial role of foreign Islamic charities and Arabic warriors in spreading Islamic radicalism, whose controversial activities led to a mostly negative reaction of Bosniak citizens. The beginning of the decline of Islamic radicalism could be dated from 1995, when the Dayton Accords were signed and most of Salafi promoters left the country. The tragedy of 9/11 is considered to be a turning point, which caught not only Bosniaks' but also foreign writers' attention to Islamic radicalism. Event of paramount importance was an election victory of Turkish political party AKP in 2002, which led to a radical change of Turkish foreign policy, which began to aim its attention...
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Neo-Ottomanism in Turkish Foreign Policy and Changes during the Erdogan Era
Hurych, Vladimír ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Aslan, Emil (referee)
Neo-Ottomanism in Turkish Foreign Policy and Changes during the Erdoğan era Author: Vladimír Hurych Abstract In November 2002, the new emerging Justice and Development Party (AKP) experienced a landmark electoral victory that significantly rewrote the prevailing domestic and foreign policy identity. The Islam-based AKP and its leaders Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Abdullah Gül and Ahmet Davutoğlu initiated a massive transformation of the Turkish society imposing economic market-oriented reforms and emphasizing the role of democratic institutions and the potential EU membership. AKP establishment also adopted a new foreign policy identity - the neo-Ottomanism. The concept has a background in 1990's strategy of former President Turgut Özal who emphasized the historical, cultural and religious heritage of the Ottoman Empire. Based on domestic changing identity, AKP's neo-Ottomanism served as an ideological tool how to transform its foreign policy identity with using the Islamic narrative and soft power tools. The thesis analyses how the new establishment of 2000's redefined the role of Turkey regarding its geopolitical position in the Middle East. Turkey has been emphasizing its strategic role as a regional power on the crossroads of many cultures and geopolitical interests. The question is how and whether the AKP...
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The EU and Turkey in the context of the migration crisis 2015-2016
Urban, Tomáš ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Najšlová, Lucia (referee)
The EU-Turkey relations have been accompanied by the complicated accession process with the aim of integrating Turkey into the EU for several decades. The development of this process has been influenced by internal factors at both sides, as well as by external circumstances. Since 2011, due to the Middle East crisis, Turkey has begun to struggle with a growing number of arriving migrants with a major influx between 2013 and 2015. The wave of incoming migrants hit also the EU in the summer of 2015. This paper examines the impact of one of the strongest migration waves since World War II on the EU-Turkey relations. First is analyzed the migration crisis including its consequences for the EU and Turkey. Second is analyzed, how they responded to the crisis individually so that the research could focus on the cooperation of both sides from autumn 2015 to spring 2016. The paper discovers that the impacts of the migration crisis on the EU and Turkey were so significant that neither side was able to handle the difficult situation on its own. Thus, because of the characteristics of the migration wave, a unique window of opportunity opened for revival of the mutual relations. This revival occurred in October 2015 and up until the EU-Turkey refugee deal of March 2016, the EU-Turkey cooperation could be...
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Turkey and Strategic Interests of the EU - Analysis of the Migrant Crisis
Krejčová, Romana ; Kučerová, Irah (advisor) ; Plechanovová, Běla (referee)
The EU-Turkey relations have been complicated for over fifty years, namely since the Ankara Agreement. The civil war in Syria broke out in 2011 and since then Turkey has been struggling with the rise of migrants. The migration crisis affected the EU in 2015. Therefore, the cooperation between the EU and Turkey to solve migration crisis was necessary. This diploma thesis engages in communication and negotiation between the EU and Turkey about a common action to solve the migration crisis. Karl Deutsch's communication theory was chosen as the theoretical framework. We can namely observe the concept of feedback during the negotiations of joint Action Plan and joint statement to tackle irregular migration. First is explained the history and development of the EU-Turkey relations. The history of the EU-Turkey relations is explained since Turkey applied for association to the European Economic Community. The EU-Turkey relations are affected by bad relations between Turkey and some EU member states. Currently, the EU-Turkey relations are more complicated because of the purges and human rights abuse after the unsuccessful coup attempt in 2016. Turkey has got stronger position in negotiations of cooperation. Turkey has grasped the chances of the migration crisis to revive some policy processes - as visa...
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Russia's Pivot to Asia: prospects and limits
Čechová, Barbora ; Romancov, Michael (advisor) ; Kofroň, Jan (referee)
Russia's pivot to Asia has become one of the highly discussed topics among political and international relations theorists. However, diverse opinions exist on the timeframe of the pivot and on the level of favourable results of the new policies of Russia's turn to the East. Mostly, Russia is thought to be intensifying its relations with countries of the Asia-Pacific region, increasingly since the Western trade sanctions were applied on Russia after the 2014 Ukraine crisis. Academic discussion also revolves around Russia's opportunities and challenges in the region. Progressive cooperation, mainly with China, is suggested due to the growing importance of Asia and its countries: China's rapidly rising economy and military strength has made the country into a candidate for the most important world powers. On the other hand, development and modernisation of Siberia and Russia's Far East region would be necessary for efficient maintenance of any progressive relations with Asian countries. Russia would have to develop its infrastructure in the regions to enable connection and cooperation with China and other countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Among all potential partners in Asia, China is mostly indicated as the most probable and suitable economic and political partner for Russia in the region....
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Forms of Islam in 21st-century Turkey among university students
Vlková, Karolina ; Chlup, Radek (advisor) ; Halík, Tomáš (referee)
Due to the efforts of the first president Kemal Atatürk Turkey has changed its face and that also had an impact on Islam. Today Islam is not the state religion in Turkey, nor is the sharia the state's legislative. The forms of Islam have also changed. It is easily visible on the women's clothing. That, which used to be (or in other countries still is) considered absolute, has become relative in Turkey. My task is to explore how much are these notions about the state of Islam in Turkey accurate. It is too broad t theme to consider the whole of Turkey, so I limit my research to the university students. For it is there, where we can see the direction the development of Islam in Turkey will take in the next generation. The globalization and other influences just as much as nationalist and traditional influences are most visible in this area. I want to determine how the students view not only Islam and the Muslim responsibilities, but the western world as well. I use fieldwork to achieve that. The method is interviews with students from different schools. Besides that I also observe the daily habits of students. And of course the students' own comments concerning their religious activity/passivity.I found out that there is a "Turkish Islam" with influences of nationalistic ideology. With modernization by Atatürk...
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The 2011 parliamentary elections in Turkey and their coverage in the Turkish press
Bóriková, Alžbeta ; Malečková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kučera, Petr (referee)
In the present work we provide a research on the Turkish domestic politics before the 2011 parliamentary elections. A detailed analysis of three Turkish daily newspapers (Cumhuriyet, Zaman and Milliyet) enabled us to identify major elections-related topics that appeared in the Turkish press during the political campaign. Our aim is to compare reactions and positions of different political parties and evaluate how a particular topic was being covered in the newspapers. The work especially focuses on the project of a new Constitution, the Kurdish issue, the state of Turkish democracy, the pre-election scandals and the key points of the political agenda of leading parties. In order to reach a better understanding of the current situation we study also the historical context of electoral system in Turkey and the formation of main political parties.
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