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Meningococcal infection
Malá, Markéta ; Vejsová, Marcela (advisor) ; Konečná, Klára (referee)
7 2. ABSTRACT Title of Bachelor thesis: Meningococcal infections Student: Markéta Malá Supervisor: Mgr. Marcela Vejsová, Ph.D. Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Backround: The aim of this bachelor thesis was to summarize the findings about meningococcal infections and their originator - Neisseria meningitidis. Further this bachelor thesis should provide infomation about progression in meningococcal vaccines development, treatment and diagnostics. Main findings: N. meningitidis spreads into the human body from nasopharynx, through the epithelium it travels into the bloodstream. Severity of meningococcal infection depends on a strain of meningococcus and on strenght of immune system on the side of a host. Meningococcus has got efective tools for invading human body, they are called virulence factors. Quick recognition of clinical signs and rapid confirmation of infection originator are important when the infection breaks out. Nowadays we can prevent meningococcal infection by effective vaccination - combining meningococcal tetravalent conjugate vaccine and meningococcal serogroup B vaccine. Conclusions: Infections caused by N. meningitidis varies from ordinary nasopharyngitis to bacteremia and severe acute meningitis. N. meningitidis...
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Analysis and identification of proteins in organ dysfunction using proteomic methods
Tůma, Zdeněk ; Matějovič, Martin (advisor) ; Lopot, František (referee) ; Hernychová, Lenka (referee)
Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins, particularly their structures and functions. Proteomics has been utilized in medicine for investigation of disease mechanisms and biomarker discovery. Instrumental methods cover sample preparation, protein and peptide separation and mass spectrometry. At present, there is no proteomic method that can be used as universal for every sample. Analytical methods need to be adapted and optimized for certain samples. The aim of this work was to create methodic procedures and to interpret results of experimental and clinical research. The first part of the thesis includes experiments utilizing proteomics to study changes in the plasma proteome clinically relevant porcine model of sepsis-induced peritonitis. Proteomic analyzes were also starting methodological strategies in experiments aimed at kidney physiology and pathophysiology of acute kidney injury during sepsis. Renal biopsies were analyzed in order to study the time course of proteome changes caused by sepsis and surgery. The second part of the thesis contains experiments studying biocompatibility. A method for elution of proteins interacting with adsorbents used in extracorporeal liver support system and with hemodialyzer capillaries was prepared. Analysis of proteins adsorbed to polysulfone...
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Methods for assessment of proinflammatory cytokines
Freislebenová, Hana ; Lašťovička, Jan (advisor) ; Hájková, Michaela (referee)
Sepsi and septic shock are the leading causes of death in intensive care units worldwide. Cytokines are important regulators of the immune response, which have crucial role in sepsis pathofysiology. This work deals with proin flammatory cytokines mainly interleukin 1, interleukin 6 and TNF-α and methods of their assessment. The purpose of this work is to compare immunohistochemis try methods like ELISA and ELISPOT with assessment of intracellular cytokines by flow cytometry.
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Sepsis in newborne
Baláčková, Šárka ; Voxová, Barbora (advisor) ; Paterová, Pavla (referee)
Author: Šárka Baláčková Title: Septic states of newborns Bachelor thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Field of study: medical laboratory technician Background: The aim of the work was to sample information on the issue of septic states of newborns, to describe laboratory diagnosis of examining neonatal sepsis. To map rate of the most common pathogens causing this illness in Masarykova hospital in Ústí nad Labem. Method: Tracking of sampled blood cultures at neonatal department between years 2011- 2015. Comparison of total amount of blood cultures with the amount of positive blood cultures and the rate of particular pathogens causing neonatal sepsis. Results: During the reporting period were collected a 5271 blood cultures to total count. 1047 of those were positive, making it 20 %. The most prominent causes of neonatal sepsis is above all coagulase-negative Staphylococcus with the count of 801 occurrences, which is 76,5 %. Followed by Gram-negative facultative anaerobic rods with 103 occurrences (10,8 %), Anaerobic bacteria with 48 counts (4,6 %), Enterococcus species with 31 counts (3%), Staphylococcus aureus with 26 counts (2,5 %), Streptococcus species with 21 counts (2 %) and Yeasts with 7 counts (0,7 %). Conclusions: Neonatal septic state is a serious...
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Determination of biochemical parameters and their diagnostic and prognostic value in sepsis
Jenčo, Jaroslav ; Dršata, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Boušová, Iva (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Biochemical Sciences Candidate: Bc. Jaroslav Jenčo Supervisor: prof. MUDr. Jaroslav Dršata, CSc. Consultant: Ing. Jana Netriová, PhD. Title of diploma thesis: Determination of biochemical parameters and their diagnostic and prognostic value in sepsis Sepsis is a relatively common complication that may be signed by the increased mortality of patients. It affects all ages, regardless of gender. Occurrence is more frequent in polymorbid and immunosuppressed patients. The most effective method to prevent the development of septic complications is quick and accurate diagnosis. In the period from 1.6.2012 to 01.4.2014, we observed 697 patients hospitalized due to the development of septic complications and we analyzed statistically tracked markers: presepsin, procalcitonin, C - reactive protein, interleukin - 6, lactate, D - dimer, fibrinogen and quantity of leukocytes to determine their predictive and diagnostic value. Largest correlation was observed between comparison of presepsin with procalcitonin and presepsin with C - reactive protein, which reflected rapidly changing status of patients. Moderate correlation was observed in lactate, interleukin - 6, D - dimer concentration and leukocyte count. Between the development...
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