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Analysis of First Aid Misconceptions among Teachers at Elementary and Grammar Schools in the Czech Republic
Zvěřinová, Gabriela ; Kuba, Radim (advisor) ; Nodžáková, Kateřina (referee)
Appropriate first aid should be one of the basic skills every citizen has. This obligation is based on the law of the Czech Republic. The European Resuscitation Council regularly publishes recommended procedures for resuscitation and first aid, called the Guidelines (currently "2015"). This document defines the correct procedures, that should be followed when providing or teaching first aid. Nonetheless, misconceptions often persist in the common population. This is often the case of outdates procedures, inaccuracies or myths that can significantly reduce the chance of convalescence of even endanger the life of the injured person. Teachers encounter pupils who require appropriate treatment of first aid. Therefore they should be trained in current first aid procedures and thus form a suitable focus group for this reaserch. This diploma thesis aimed to describe the extension of misconceptions in first aid and to find the most frequent sources involved in disseminating this information. Two groups of the Czech teachers were analysed - science teachers and teachers of other selected subjects. Through the presented case studies, the level of knowledge in the field of first aid (the extension of misconceptions) was determined as well as where the respondent obtained the given information. Key words first...
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Elementary school pupils' misconceptions related to the thematic map use
Šmídová, Michala ; Havelková, Lenka (advisor) ; Kocová, Tereza (referee)
The thesis deals with identification and analysis of misconceptions that are formed when the ninth grade pupils work with thematic maps. It is divided into two main parts. The first part, which is theoretical, informs the readers about the aims of the thesis and defines the fundamental terms on the basis of the literature review. The misconceptions in thematic cartography are described in detail as well as the methodology of the research. The phenomenographic interview was used as a method for collecting qualitative data in order to fulfil the established aim. The research was realized in five schools situated in Ústecký region, in Děčín district, with twenty pupils. More specifically, the research aim was to find out whether there exists, and if so, then what is the impact of pupils' orientation in elementary geographic knowledge, used cartographic method and correctness of thematic map on pupils' conceptions. Keywords: misconception, map skill, thematic map, elementary education
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Art expression as a means of determining the knowledge of selected subject in pupils of primary school
KAVKOVÁ, Šárka
This diploma thesis deals with the analysis of knowledge and ideas of pupils how they understand human organ systems. Knowledge is verified based on spontaneous production of children's drawings using a thematic didactic test. The thesis uses cross-sectional research involving a total of 118 pupils from the first to the fifth class of the primary school. For the research project, pupils were given a blank piece A4 sized paper and were asked to draw the organ systems in their body. Research tables have been created from a set of drawings and common characters. The results of the research show level of understanding of human organ systems in individual classes.
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Evidence concerning pupils'preconceptions of intellectual disability in the context of the paradigm shift in today's education
Pivarč, Jakub
This dissertation thesis is designed as a theoretical and research survey focusing on the currently marginalised issue of intact pupils' preconceptions of intellectual disability. The survey aims to outline the concept of intellectual disability concisely and to accentuate the current paradigm shift in education with regards to integration and inclusion. Particular attention was paid to the theoretical and epistemological basis of preconceptions as well as to the current state of scientific knowledge of the presented area. Research was conducted in order to analyse and characterise intact pupils' preconceptions of intellectual disability. Furthermore, the empirical study aimed to determine whether pupils' preconceptions differ depending on their gender, year of school attended and the declared experience of persons with intellectual disability. A transversal quantitative survey was conducted at 22 mainstream basic schools in the Czech Republic. The research sample consisted of 2230 intact pupils attending the 5th , 7th and 9th forms of basic schools. Data were collected by means of mind mapping and non-standardised questionnaire of our own construction. The findings demonstrate that pupils perceive the phenomenon of intellectual disability in terms of medical paradigm (emphasising the...
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Electricity and magnetism: Hands-on minds-on approach
Koudelková, Věra ; Dvořák, Leoš (advisor) ; Kireš, Marián (referee) ; Richterek, Lukáš (referee)
Title: Electricity and magnetism: Hands-on minds-on approach Author: Věra Koudelková Department: Department of Physics Education Supervisor: Doc. RNDr. Leoš Dvořák, CSc., KDF Abstract: The PhD. thesis is focused on high school students' understanding of electricity and magnetism and on experiments which can help students to develop this understanding. The thesis can be divided into two parts: In the first research part typical misconceptions of high school students in the area of electricity and magnetism are described, both misconceptions known from foreign literature and results of Czech Conceptual Test of Electricity and Magnetism. This test is based on the known Conceptual Survey of Electricity and Magnetism, but unlike it and other conceptual tests in electricity and magnetism this new Czech test is intended for high school students. The second part of the thesis is developmental. It contains methodical materials, lab works and experiments which partly arise from the discovered misconceptions. In this part of the work four learning sequences (we chose topics, which were identified as problematic for students), four laboratory works and 13 experiments are described. Prepared materials were verified during instructions in high school and during conferences for physics teachers. Experiences with them are...
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Students preconceptions about heat and temperature
Čečák, Michal ; Mandíková, Dana (advisor) ; Kácovský, Petr (referee)
This thesis deals with the preconceptions and misconceptions of students in the field of heat and temperature. Here is an overview of textbooks for elementary and secondary schools with topics concerning heat and temperature. This thesis contains a brief characteristic of notions preconceptions and misconceptions, characteristic of Active Learning methods and characteristic of Interactive Lecture Demonstrations. This thesis also contains research of Students preconceptions and misconceptions about heat and temperature (mainly students of grammar schools). For this research was used HTCE test. Results of the research are processed for all students and for students of each class. There are three worksheets (translated from English), which should help with removing misconceptions.
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Inquiry based mathematics education: case of fractions
Podhajská, Kristýna ; Tichá, Marie (advisor) ; Novotná, Jarmila (referee)
The theoretical part deals with approaches to teaching, especially constructivistic, instructivistic and transmissive approach. The goal of this part is to compare the approaches and evaluate them considering the permanency of knowledge and active engagement of students. Simultaneously it aims at evaluating the approaches from the point of their of the mechanical knowledge. The charter dealing with inquiry based mathematics education is focused on teaching related to constructivistic approach. The next chapter describes tool called concept cartoons, which can be used as a mean to research. The theoretical part is focused on the topic of fraction, especially fraction interpretation and models and fraction representation. The second part of the thesis describes a survey realized at basic school. I narrowed the problem to fraction interpretation and representation according to survey of student's work. The next part of research is based on this analysis. Trying to accomplish the aims and find the answers to questions of the survey I chose strategy inspired by action research, because the main goal of the research was to improve and enhance my teaching knowledge and skills. The survey was processed qualitatively. The making of the thesis helped me make it clear, why the topic of fractions is so...
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Electricity and magnetism: Hands-on minds-on approach
Koudelková, Věra ; Dvořák, Leoš (advisor)
Title: Electricity and magnetism: Hands-on minds-on approach Author: Věra Koudelková Department: Department of Physics Education Supervisor: Doc. RNDr. Leoš Dvořák, CSc., KDF Abstract: The PhD. thesis is focused on high school students' understanding of electricity and magnetism and on experiments which can help students to develop this understanding. The thesis can be divided into two parts: In the first research part typical misconceptions of high school students in the area of electricity and magnetism are described, both misconceptions known from foreign literature and results of Czech Conceptual Test of Electricity and Magnetism. This test is based on the known Conceptual Survey of Electricity and Magnetism, but unlike it and other conceptual tests in electricity and magnetism this new Czech test is intended for high school students. The second part of the thesis is developmental. It contains methodical materials, lab works and experiments which partly arise from the discovered misconceptions. In this part of the work four learning sequences (we chose topics, which were identified as problematic for students), four laboratory works and 13 experiments are described. Prepared materials were verified during instructions in high school and during conferences for physics teachers. Experiences with them are...
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Energetic utilisation of biomass - controversial environmental topic
Zumrová, Kateřina ; Matějček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Bartoš, Jan (referee)
The thesis is focused on energetic utilisation of biomass. It was used a qualitative research and document analysis of articles. The first part deals with the theoretical framework, therefore definitions and possibilities of biomass utilisation. The second part contains methodology, follows research and its evaluation. The first aim of this thesis is to summarize the utilisation of biomass as renewable energy and to distinguish positive and negative impacts of the utilisation of this source and evaluate its economic efficiency. There are several possibilities of utilisation of biomass, but it is necessary to select the suitable process and its utilisation. Based on the large number of examples from life it can be stated that it is economically efficient. The second aim is to identify main misconceptions related to utilisation of biomass. The main misconception is comparing the utilisation of solar energy, which has not left positive attitude of people to renewable energy, with utilisation of biomass. There are few examples of comparing photovoltaic with utilisation of biomass on the same level. In regard of the basic principles of utilisation of biomass, those two sources cannot be compared at all, they are not similar. Another misconception is apprehension of appropriation of land used for growing energy...
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The New Approaches to Teaching of Rudimentes of Quantum Physics
Králík, Jiří
J. Králík: The New Approaches to Teaching of Rudiments of Quantum Physics Abstract: This thesis is dealing with didactics of quantum theory and its modern trends. It contains a brief overview of problems in quantum physics education and many references to important sources in the field. Part of the thesis is focused on identification of some sources potential misunderstandings in the process of teaching and learning of quantum theory (misconceptions). The next part is devoted to a problem with visualization in microworld and after that I dealing with Feynman's approach to quantum theory, its advantages and disadvantages and I enumerate some pedagogical projets that continues in that direction. In another part I treat to my proposal for using quantum field theory terminology in introductory modern physics courses. The last chapter of the thesis is dealing with my project "The Road under Perception", which is intended as a teaching text about (modern) physics for non-experts. The thesis also contains appendix with excerpt of my article about history of microworld's origins cognition.
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