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Semantic Analysis of Selected Czech Key Words. Theory of Natural Semantic Metalanguage Applied to Czech
Pavlásková, Marie ; Císařovská, Lily (advisor) ; Ivan, Michal (referee)
Diploma thesis, which is based on Anna Wierzbicka's natural semantic metalanguage theory, discusses certain specific features of Czech language worldview and compares them with specific features of English language worldview. This intercultural comparison is made possible by the cultural neutrality of the natural semantic metalanguage which serves as a language in which explications of analyzed words are formulated and compared to their English counterparts. Analyses of Czech keywords are based mainly on the use of dictionaries (explanatory and etymological dictionaries and dictionaries of phrases and idioms) and Czech corpora. The analysis aims to show differences between Czech and English cultural norms and values as reflected in different semantic structures of analyzed concepts, which presumably indicate deeper differences in perceiving and interpreting reality in both languages.
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Head in the Linguistic Picture of the World in Czech
Čížková, Klára ; Vaňková, Irena (advisor) ; Bozděchová, Ivana (referee)
This thesis focuses on the image of "hlava" (head) in the Czech linguistic picture of the world. It is based on theories and methods of cognitive linguistics. The purpose of the thesis is to describe the structure of the meaning of the word hlava. The paper by I. Vaňková and V. Vitkovskaya was used as a methodological and theoretical starting point. In that paper four semantic profiles of "hlava" are defined. The results of Vaňková and Vitkovskaya were compared with the findings of our research. We try to find out, whether the mentioned profiles are valid on a larger linguistic material, too. Two types of data are analysed - systemic data (especially phraseology, then also etymology of the word, derivatives, compounds and synonyms) and corpus materials (from Czech National Corpus). Then, we also compare the differences in the findings between systemic and textual (corpus) data. Finally, all results are summarized in the cognitive definition of hlava.
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Sleep and dream in the Czech picture of the world
Bulak, Patrik ; Vaňková, Irena (advisor) ; Martínek, František (referee)
The thesis focuses on the conceptual area of sleeping (including waking, dreaming etc.) based on the theories and methods of the cognitive-cultural approach to language. The first chapter deals with the human experience of sleeping. The conceptual area is interpreted both in relation to physical experience and as a part of the Central European cultural code. The second chapter concentrates on the concept and the approach of the linguistic picture of the world (e.g. Bartmiński, 2012), the detection and verification of the semantic connotations method (Bartmiński, Panasiuk, 2001), the conceptual metaphor theory (Lakoff, Johnson, 1980/2002), the cognitive conception of metonymy (cf. ibid), and the interaction between metaphor and metonymy (i.e. metaphtonymy, Goosens, 1990, 2002). The third chapter is based on the linguistic data excerpted from various Czech dictionaries and describes the conceptual area. First are introduced derivational nests, then relevant semantic relations and etymology of the selected terms (spát, bdít etc.). The chapter also analyses polysemy of the selected terms in detail, as well as polysemy of their derivatives. This part of the thesis presents the formulation of conceptual transmissions which are manifested in the given linguistic meanings. The fourth chapter is a...
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Nose in the Czech sign language in comparison with Czech
Redlich, Karel ; Vaňková, Irena (advisor) ; Nebeská, Iva (referee)
I continue my work on the cognitive-linguistic research of somatisms (names of body parts) and conceptual profiles, into which I bring research findings of Czech sign language. I performed a structural analysis of the signs, where a place of articulation is on the nose. Then I categorized these signs using conceptual profiles: GESTURE, APPEARANCE/ MANIFESTATION, FUNCTION and LOCALIZATION. On the basis of such profiles are shown new possibilities etymological interpretation of a relatively large number of collected signs. The created linguistic picture of the nose in the Czech sign language I compared with the image with the linguistic picture of the nose in the Czech language. I also conducted preliminary probes into other sign languages, which I have served as a guide for effective grasp of the issues.
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Cyclical and Linear Time in the Czech Linguistic Picture of the World
Svašková, Jana ; Vaňková, Irena (advisor) ; Saicová Římalová, Lucie (referee)
I. Abstract The thesis deals with the concept of time and its conceptualisation in the Czech language. It is based on the theory of conceptual metaphor and the theory of linguistic worldview. Within the field of cognitive linguistics, the theory of conceptual metaphor is mainly applied in the identification of the source domains of metaphors used for language expression of the target domains. The first part of the thesis deals with the reflection of the "time" phenomenon, with its non- linguistic concept. Attention is paid to the concept of the cyclical and linear time. The second part aims to identify metaphors used in Czech for the expression of time relations and for the expression of the time phenomenon. The paper analyses the language plane in order to find such metaphors. It employs semantic and etymological analysis of words used when expressing the notion of time, i.e. nouns, adjectives, verbs, prepositions, and interjections.
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Opposition "homo - animal" in language. Contribution to the Czech linguistic picture of the world
Šťastná, Lucie ; Vaňková, Irena (advisor) ; Bozděchová, Ivana (referee)
This diploma thesis aims to contribute to the research of the Czech language picture of the world. It is based on fundamental theoretical and methodological resources of cognitive and cultural linguistics and focuses on the opposition of "man - animal", or "human - animal", in the Czech language, aiming to illustrate the way in which zooappellatives (animal names) relate to the reality of the human world. The most extensive part of the thesis is based mainly on an analysis of Czech dictionary material (etymological, reference, synonym and phraseological dictionaries), as well as comparing the scientific (biological) classification of animals to the categorization in natural language. In regard to the category ANIMAL, the thesis establishes four basic domains constituting the category's conceptual model (framework): "the place where the animal lives", "physical traits", "the animal's behaviour" and "relation to man". The thesis also includes questionnaire-based research that focuses on analysing the way in which speakers of the Czech language understand the category ANIMAL, and attempts to determine whether they regard some animals as more protypical than others.
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DOMOV (house/home/homeland) as a Czech concept (Questionnaire survey)
Kobesová, Alena ; Vaňková, Irena (advisor) ; Janovec, Ladislav (referee)
This bachelor's thesis is focused on exploring of home conceptualization by Czech native speakers of different ages (preschool children, students, adults). It aims to supplement information identified in the context of international comparative EUROJOS research - Linguistic and cultural picture of the world of Slavs and their neighbors. It's methodologically based on cognitive linguistics and etnolinguistics. It verifies the conceptualization of home based on my questionnaire which was inspired by ongoing research within the EUROJOS project. This survey will be modified; representatives of different age groups are assigned to it. Preschool children are included to this project too and their conceptualization is verified through drawings. In this bachelor's thesis the current results of my own empirical survey are compared with theoretical solutions.
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Conceptualization of Life in the Czech Popular Lyrics (Contribution to the Study of the Linguistic Picture of the World)
Janovská, Zuzana ; Vaňková, Irena (advisor) ; Saicová Římalová, Lucie (referee)
This thesis examines the conceptualization of life in the lyrics of Czech popular songs of 1960s. The thesis derives theoretically and methodologically from cognitively and culturally-based approaches to language, especially from the theory of conceptual metaphor and metonymy (e. g. Lakoff and Johnson) and the concept of language as a picture of the world (school of Lublin). At first the thesis analyses the semantics of lexeme life. The analysis is based on the data from dictionaries and it reaches the basics of the linguistic picture of life as it is anchored in common language. Simultaneously the thesis works with the picture of life (in contrast with death) how it is served in the literature about Czech folk culture. The main part of this study consists of almost a hundred interpretations of lyrics from the examined period, which depict human life in its various stages and forms (through oppositions of life - death, youth - old age, etc.). The analysis follows relevant semantic elements which participate on its conceptualization. The thesis describes systematically and in detail particularly metaphors (structural, ontological and orientational), metonymy, and also the image schemes which are associated with life (scheme of JOURNEY, CYCLE). The attention is paid to their specific language...
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