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Vliv klomipraminu a risperidonu na učení a flexibilitu u animálního modelu obsedantně kompulzivní poruchy
Radostová, Dominika ; Stuchlík, Aleš (advisor) ; Kopřivová, Jana (referee)
Chronic sensitization of dopamine D2/D3 receptors by agonist quinpirole (QNP) induces compulsive checking behaviour in rats, which is considered an animal model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Previous study revealed deficit in cognitive flexibility in QNP sensitized rats. This thesis focused on determining if this cognitive flexibility deficit is ameliorated by co-administration of clomipramine (CMI), risperidone (RIS) or combination of both (CMI+RIS) to QNP treatment. Aversively motivated active place avoidance task on a Carousel maze with reversal was used. The number of entrances into a to-be-avoided shock sector was evaluated as measure of performance. Six treatment groups were used: control group, QNP group, CMI group, QNP/CMI combination, QNP/RIS combination and QNP/CMI/RIS combination. Surprisingly, when compared alone, significantly worse acquisition was observed for QNP group compared to control group. However, similarly to previous study, QNP group had a worse performance in a first reversal session compared to control group. When all groups were compared, only QNP/CMI group had worse initial learning compared to control group. In reversal learning, only QNP treated group had a significantly more entrances than control group in first reversal session. Results suggest that co-treatment...
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Functions of the adult neurogenesis
Šejnová, Gabriela ; Stuchlík, Aleš (advisor) ; Melkes, Barbora (referee)
Neurogenesis in adult mammals was first discovered in the second half of the 20th century and its mechanisms, regulation and possible functions have been researched eversince. Scientists have so far been able to describe the process of neuronal development as well as some possible influences. However, the role of this phenomenon is still being discussed. This thesis is focused on neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus in hippocampus, a pair structure located in the central part of the temporal lobe. The main aim is to describe the recent findings and research models as well as the assumed functions. The most recent theories find the role of hippocampal neurogenesis in pattern separation, memory resolution, contextual memory or memory consolidation. These hypotheses are quite variable due to the broad range of research methods and their interpretations, however, none of them seems to disprove the others. Key words: neurogenesis, functions, behavior, hippocampus, learning
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Rational Irrationality in the USA
Kleňha, Jan ; Kozák, Kryštof (advisor) ; Calda, Miloš (referee)
In this thesis, the theory of rational irrationality is used to explore the incentives behind seemingly irrational beliefs held by a large part of the contemporary American society towards anthropogenic climate change. Applying causal analysis, three questions are answered: "is it rationally irrational for people to be indifferent towards climate change?" "Are Americans inherently more likely than others to hold irrational beliefs about global issues such as climate change?" If so, "is this phenomenon rooted in certain values that constitute the American identity?" The author focuses on specific "American values" and uses statistics and recent empirical studies to find correlations and causality between those values and the exhibited behavior of individuals, while discussing its possible causes and implications. The study concludes that the root cause of irresponsibility of the American citizen towards climate change is a lack of social mechanisms rewarding individuals for holding epistemologically accurate beliefs. The author then proposes a set of general measures to be prioritized in order to improve social reward mechanisms in the American society. If implemented, those measures should be able to effectively enforce epistemic rationality in the U.S. political debate, which is desirable...
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The effect of agonist of the metabotropic glutamate receptors LY 379268 in an animal model of psychosis
Rišňovská, Dominika ; Stuchlík, Aleš (advisor) ; Telenský, Petr (referee)
Introduction: Schizophrenia is a neuropsychiatric illness characterized by impairments in cognition and positive and negative symptoms. As currently used antipsychotics do not treat all symptoms of the disease, further research of the therapeutic potential of various drugs in the treatment of this disease is crucial. Psychosis is a condition or a mental state that usually accompany schizophrenia, as well as other disorders. We used MK-801, a non-competitive antagonist of NMDA receptors to induce an experimental model of psychosis in rats. By binding to the NMDA subtype of glutamate receptors located on inhibitory interneurons, MK-801 has been shown to elicit an overactivation of cortical and hippocampal pyramidal neurons, leading to behaviors such as hyperlocomotion, stereotypy or cognitive impairments. LY 379268, an agonist of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors, binds to both presynaptic and postsynaptic receptors on pyramidal neurons. It has been suggested that it could alleviate the MK-801-induced hyperactivity of the principal neurons. In this study, we sought to demonstrate the effects of LY 379268 in the MK-801 animal model of psychosis and hypothesized that LY 379268 will ameliorate deficits in the reversal learning induced by MK-801. Materials and methods: Long Evans rats received...
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Age structure and growth of wild brown trout in relation to population density and habitat quality
Závorka, Libor ; Slavík, Ondřej (advisor) ; Matěna, Josef (referee) ; Reichard, Martin (referee)
Brown trout Salmo trutta L. is a fish species with high socio-economic value, which is favourable among anglers and a successful invader worldwide. The aim of this thesis is to explore environmental factors affecting body growth and survival of brown trout with emphasis on density dependent selection in juvenile life stages. This thesis is specifically focused on: (1) effect of population density on growth and survival with respect to a dynamic of a local group of individuals (papers I and II); (2) effect of inter-individual differences in behaviour on the relationship between individuals life-history traits and available resources (papers III and IV); (3) link between demo-genetic structure of population and growth and mortality rates of individuals (papers V, VI and VII). Datasets for this thesis were collected during a long-term mark-recapture study on wild brown trout population (2005-2011) in the catchment of the Otava River in Šumava National Park (Czech Republic) and a set of field and laboratory studies conducted on wild populations in streams on west coast of Sweden. In accordance with some previous studies, this thesis showed that growth of juvenile brown trout is negatively affected by population density. Nonetheless, this thesis reveals that the negative effect of density dependent...
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Career counseling as a part of a general system of coanseling at High schools
Bílková, Karolína ; Mazáčová, Nataša (advisor) ; Sekot, Jaroslav (referee)
Thesis Career Counseling, as a part of a general system of counseling at high schools, deals with diverse approaches towards professional preparation at high schools. Any help, with making a right decision of choosing a career or continuing in studies, is undoubtedly an important source for each person at high school and has been occupying this distinctive role in education. This thesis is trying to bring about the changing of the position of Career Counselor's within the school system, in a general system of counseling. The goal of this thesis is to cover the various subjects' conception of counselors at high schools and also trying to entitle their targets in connection with reality. At the end there will be given a description and clarification of three different high schools (each with different cultural and social-economic conditions) and their correspondences towards Career counseling in cooperation with the content analyses of the subjects' conceptions of Career counseling.
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Behaviour of the football fans-media image and its counterparts
Fiala, Tomáš ; Záruba, Robert (advisor) ; Trunečka, Ondřej (referee)
This work deals with the development of football fans under the influence of the media. Approaching, what factors affect the behavior of fans at the stadium and beyond and what are the consequences of their actions. Thesis is based on the methods of investigation of processes and interactions. Basic sources of information in addition to the observation of the author and literature are interviews with personalities from the football society. These include sports journalists, club officials and fans themselves. The work is divided into two parts. The first provides a theoretical basis, which describes the development of football fans after the Velvet Revolution, the non-media effects on behavior and the possible consequences of their interactions. The second part is based primarily on interviews and tries to answer the research question if the media play a crucial role in the development and behavior of football fans. In the final analysis, the author will, based on his knowledge, apart from its answer, offer opportunities for further development, as well as a theory, which factors may contribute to the future behavior of fans. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Behavioral Elements in African Elephant (Loxodonta africana)
Křivánek, Ondřej ; Řezníček, Jan (advisor) ; Peřka, Jaroslav (referee)
My master's thesis is about the African elephant (Loxodonta Africana) and is aimed at different behavior elements. These behavior elements were observed in captivity in the ZOO Dvůr Králové and than in the wild in Africa. Observation in wild were carried out on different individuals in various national parks. Overall results were compared and I made from them conclusions about the impact of captivity breeding on the individuals. Key words: african elephant, behavior, captivity, wild Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Optimal and responsible behavior of students and teachers in the school laboratory of dental technicians of Medical College and High School and the College in Prague 1
Černá, Jana ; Hanušová, Jaroslava (advisor) ; Váchová, Alena (referee)
Jana Černá Optimal and responsible behavior of students and teachers in the school laboratory of dental technicians of Medical College and High School and the College in Prague 1 Faculty of Education at Charles University, Bachelor's combined study Practical Education and Professional Training Vedoucí práce: Dr.. Hanušová Jaroslava, Ph.D. I chose the topic of safety in school laboratories. My goal was to identify current knowledge of students and teachers about safety and protection, their health and conditions at work. After this investigation, a ne set up is presented so that the working conditions and safety at work were satisfactory both in terms of security, personnel and humane. I chose the topic because I am not satisfied with the current situation. I want to see if there is an error in setting conditions or in ignorance of all concerned, or in disrespect and subsequently in existing non- compliance. I am applying survey method and after processing the data I will analyse the results and draw conclusions that lead to setting up Klíčová slova Safety, Workwear, Behavior, Dental technician, Laboratory.
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