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Perception of English prototypes in Czech and German mono-lingual speakers
Kučerová, Alžběta ; Lancová, Klára (advisor) ; Červinková Poesová, Kristýna (referee)
[The purpose of this thesis is to investigate and describe how semantic prototypes are transferred and perceived from L1 Czech and L1 German participants into their L2 English. This thesis attempts to pinpoint and describe whether there are differences in the perception of the prototypes in the two monolingual groups, with the main focus on typicality judgement, grammatical gender and prepositional prototypes. The main assumed source of differences is considered to be the said L1 language background. A questionnaire was created for both Czech and German participants with seven tasks testing the perception of prototypes in their L2 English and to see whether a L1 to L2 negative language transfer takes place. The analysis shows that in the perception of prototypes within typicality judgement exercises, the two tested L1 groups do not differ largely and that the size of one's specialized vocabulary and the fact, that English is their L2, not L1, seems to play a role. Nonetheless, at the scale of this research, it seems plausible to say that prepositional and grammatical gender prototypes are transferred into the participants' L2. More in-depth research on the topic is needed; however, to confirm or reject these findings.]
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The Linguistic Picture of Death, Afterlife and Dying in Primary and Secondary School Pupils
Wildová, Zuzana
The dissertation The Linguistic Picture of Death, Afterlife and Dying in Primary and Secondary School Pupils is devoted to the reconstruction of the linguistic picture of death in these groups of pupils, its mutual comparison and its comparison with the developed psychological concept of death. Furthermore, it describes how the taboo of this topic manifests itself in the pupils' linguistic picture of death and which modifications of the linguistic picture of the world are shown in the linguistic picture of death among pupils. In the first part, the dissertation deals with the concept of death in language and culture, and thus also with the linguistic and socio-cultural taboo of this phenomenon. We deal with the development of the conception of death in history and also the development of the concept of death of children and youth. The theoretical frame for this work is based on the methods of cognitive linguistics and its approach to linguistic research. We characterize this linguistic approach, its methods and the main representatives in the next part of the work. We use cognitive linguist methods not only for processing but also for collecting language data. In the third part, we analyze system, text and empirical language data. Textual data are derived from texts of intentional literature for...
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Visual experince as example and pattern in relation to the expansion and influence into human life
Nohejl, Jiří ; Wittlich, Filip (referee)
The main theme of this dissertation is to define an image as a visual experience. The human interaction is described by the author himself as a perception of the image, which serves as an information unit that could be presented as a possibility, example and pattern for the individual. There is an emphasis on the process of perception itself and on the way of interaction of an individual emphasizing the context of social learning and imitation in this text. The analysis of the principles of this interaction leading into introduction of the partial interactive models covering these processes is formed by the essential plane. The structure of the thesis is divided into ten main chapters in which the author tries to introduce a category of perception, a definition of the image and imitation as a tool of cultural transmission, presentation of the units of this transmission, the process of the interaction itself and analogous example of the fundamental role that a person in this interaction holds. There are also three analogies of these roles, which refer to the anthropological universal interaction describing the man as a gatherer and hunter. Their main purpose is to illustrate the form of a human experience better. Finally, there are reflections on the topic above. The possibilities and results, which...
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The Linguistic Picture of Death, Afterlife and Dying in Primary and Secondary School Pupils
Wildová, Zuzana
The dissertation The Linguistic Picture of Death, Afterlife and Dying in Primary and Secondary School Pupils is devoted to the reconstruction of the linguistic picture of death in these groups of pupils, its mutual comparison and its comparison with the developed psychological concept of death. Furthermore, it describes how the taboo of this topic manifests itself in the pupils' linguistic picture of death and which modifications of the linguistic picture of the world are shown in the linguistic picture of death among pupils. In the first part, the dissertation deals with the concept of death in language and culture, and thus also with the linguistic and socio-cultural taboo of this phenomenon. We deal with the development of the conception of death in history and also the development of the concept of death of children and youth. The theoretical frame for this work is based on the methods of cognitive linguistics and its approach to linguistic research. We characterize this linguistic approach, its methods and the main representatives in the next part of the work. We use cognitive linguist methods not only for processing but also for collecting language data. In the third part, we analyze system, text and empirical language data. Textual data are derived from texts of intentional literature for...
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Mobile wheel cranes
Matula, David ; Pokorný, Přemysl (referee) ; Škopán, Miroslav (advisor)
The aim of the thesis is introduction of mobile crane and comparison of individual models from different manufacturers. The first part is devoted to the history of cranes. Other types of cranes are mentioned here as well. In the main part are mentioned systems that we can encounter in cranes. At the same time, it categorizes cranes of the world's leading manufacturers according to the main technical and dimensional solutions. The third and last part of the thesis, is trying to estimate development trends.
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Category discrimination in avian predators: formation of natural categories of unpalatable prey
Zíková, Markéta ; Exnerová, Alice (advisor) ; Sedláček, František (referee)
Ability to categorize objects to classes and react to members of one class similarly is important for animals, for example to facilitate discrimination between palatable and unpalatable prey. Objects are typically categorized according to their common features. Birds mainly use visual perception and so their prey also signals its unpalatability visually, through aposematic coloration. We studied the ability of great tits (Parus major) to categorize prey into classes of palatable and unpalatable according to its appearance. Birds were divided to three experimental groups, each tested with different categories of prey. First group was trained to discriminate between aposematic species of true bugs (Heteroptera) and non-aposematic species from other insect taxa. Second group was trained to discriminate non-aposematic species of true bugs and species of other insect taxa and the third in discrimination of pseudocategories, consisting of randomly assigned stimuli from the first experimental group. Tested birds were wild-caught adults and naïve, hand-reared juveniles. Juveniles were tested only in first two experimental groups. All birds were first trained in discrimination between the two categories and then tested in a generalization test with new stimuli. Both adults and juveniles learned to...
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The Linguistic Picture of Death, Afterlife and Dying in Primary and Secondary School Pupils
Wildová, Zuzana ; Janovec, Ladislav (advisor) ; Pacovská, Jasňa (referee) ; Šindelářová, Jaromíra (referee)
The dissertation The Linguistic Picture of Death, Afterlife and Dying in Primary and Secondary School Pupils is devoted to the reconstruction of the linguistic picture of death in these groups of pupils, its mutual comparison and its comparison with the developed psychological concept of death. Furthermore, it describes how the taboo of this topic manifests itself in the pupils' linguistic picture of death and which modifications of the linguistic picture of the world are shown in the linguistic picture of death among pupils. In the first part, the dissertation deals with the concept of death in language and culture, and thus also with the linguistic and socio-cultural taboo of this phenomenon. We deal with the development of the conception of death in history and also the development of the concept of death of children and youth. The theoretical frame for this work is based on the methods of cognitive linguistics and its approach to linguistic research. We characterize this linguistic approach, its methods and the main representatives in the next part of the work. We use cognitive linguist methods not only for processing but also for collecting language data. In the third part, we analyze system, text and empirical language data. Textual data are derived from texts of intentional literature for...
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Somatisms in Czech Phraseology (The Respiratory System)
Máchová, Miroslava ; Janovec, Ladislav (advisor) ; Holanová, Radka (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the linguistic picture of the world of somatic idioms with components of the respiratory system, namely the nose, throat, lungs, diaphragm, and bronchi. The theoretical part explains the basic concepts and fundamentals of cognitive and cultural linguistics, primarily focusing on cognitive linguistics, the linguistic picture of the world and its definition and properties, anthropocentrism, the theory of conceptual / imaginary schemes, metaphors, metonymy and its types, and last but not least, phraseology. The practical part is organised into chapters, each of which revolves around a single corresponding somatism. Their etymological and anatomical characteristics are discussed, as are particular semantic areas and idioms in which the somatisms play a primary role. Lastly, those imaginary schemes thar are involved in the conceptualization of a given organ in the linguistic picture of the world are presented. The thesis is supplemented with the knowledge of psychosomatics which, given the premises of some idioms being conditioned directly by psychosomatics itself, have turned out to be of great utility.
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Past and present the Pisek radiological workplace
KOUTNÍKOVÁ, Anita
X-ray examination is one of the oldest and easiest imaging methods, still widely used today in medicine. X-ray is always performed as an initial examination, and after further consideration or ambiguity of the attending physician, more expensive and complicated examinations with higher radiation load can be taken. For example, X-rays lung tests, which are required to be preoperative, can be determined by a number of possible health indications. Therefore, lung examination can not be substituted for anything similar and will always remain among the most basic investigative methods. In this bachelor thesis I will focus on the history and development of the X-ray workplace in Písek. This will span from its public sector origins, as a department within the local hospital. Until it moved into the private sector, where it remains today. It is generally reported from sources (IHIS) that the number of X-rays performed is constantly increasing. A fact I followed at the Rentgen Písek s.r.o. In this thesis, using a twenty year period from 1997 to 2017, I will discover whether the number of X-ray examinations has changed, as a result of new screening methods such as CT and MR. A final task of my bachelor thesis is to investigate whether the exposure values used for the separation of the X-ray Clinic of the Písek for the given period of observation have reduced or increased.
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