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Military expenditure and economic growth: A meta-analysis
Simpartl, Josef ; Havránek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Baxa, Jaromír (referee)
This master's thesis provides a comprehensive meta-analysis inspecting the impact of military expenditures on economic growth. Its objective is to validate several hypotheses using a wide range of studies and the latest methods. The hypotheses included in this thesis are as follows. First, military expenditures reduce economic growth. Second, military expenditures retard growth in less- developed countries. Third, the effect of military expenditures on economic growth is non-linear. The general findings of this thesis support the first hypothesis. This result originates mainly from the significantly negative impact found in recent studies. The thesis also finds indirect evidence in favor of the second hypothesis. Even though the analysis did not find a significant impact on less-developed countries per se, a negative effect associated with African countries provides a persuasive substitute in this regard. Last, this thesis did not find any solid evidence in favor of the non-linearity hypothesis. This is the first time the effect of military expenditures on economic growth was analyzed using the latest methods of meta-analysis and provides robust input into a heated debate within the subfield of peace economics provoked by the recent events. 1
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Is there a direct link between global value chain participation and economic growth? Analysis of EU member countries
Obšil, Tomáš ; Semerák, Vilém (advisor) ; Kábrt, Martin (referee)
This thesis studies the strength of correlation between Global value chain par- ticipation and economic growth in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Es- tonia, Poland, Austria, Germany, and Hungary from 1995 to 2018. This rela- tionship is demonstrated by using traditional panel data methods, with forward and backward GVC participation as our main explanatory variables and GDP per capita as our response variable. Based on the graphs and initial models, the variables seemed to be correlated; nevertheless, our analysis did not confirm this hypothesis. Furthermore, we use the total value added of the food, textile, and electronic industries as proxy variables for sectoral growth. We found, in most cases, a strong and significant correlation between the growth of these industries and BP and FP. JEL Classification B22, C33, E23, F41, F63, L60, O47, O52 Keywords global value chains, economic growth, central and eastern European countries, forward partic- ipation, backward participation Title Is there a direct link between global value chain participation and economic growth? Analysis of EU member countries.
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Road infrastructure of a selected region
KRTEK, Aleš
This bachelor thesis deals with the relationship between the quality of the road network and economic growth in the region. The aim of this work is to evaluate the connection between the road network and economic growth. The work is divided into two parts. The theoretical part deals with transport infrastructure, economic growth of the region and the relationship between transport and economic growth. The practical part presents the economic indicators used in work, the definition of quality of a I. class road, the improvement of road network quality in each region, out of the 8, that have been selected, and in the end the bachelor thesis contains an evaluation of the relationship between road network quality and economic growth using correlation coefficient
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Economic growth and labour productivity in the Visegrad Group countries
VELECKÝ, Šimon
The thesis deals with the examination of economic growth and labour productivity in the countries of the Visegrad Group, specifically in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland and Hungary, between 2008 and 2019. Part of the work is also a survey of economic growth and labour productivity of the EU 27 and EU 15 average. At first the thesis explains the theoretical basis concerning to the issue of economic growth, productivity and labour productivity. These findings are then used in the survey. The survey is consisted of four - five -analyses: analysis of economic growth, analysis of labour productivity, analysis of real unit labour costs, analysis of capital labour ratio and regression analysis. Analyses are presented by graphs and tables and use data from the statistical office of the European Union - Eurostat. The findings are subsequently evaluated and compared between the countries. To conclude the links between labour productivity and economic growth, capital labour ratio and the real unit labour costs are examined. This analysis is created using the STATISTICA program. The results of the thesis then point to the economic situation and differences of individual countries of the Visegrad group, EU 27 and EU 15 and compare them with each other.
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Government investment and economic growth
RENDLOVÁ, Šárka
This thesis deals with the analysis of the effect of government investments on economic growth and private sector productivity. First, the development of these categories in the period 1995 to 2018 in the countries of the European Union are analyzed. Government investments are showed as a flow variable in the form of gross fixed capital formation of government institutions, and also as a stock variable - the total fixed assets of government institutions, i.e. public capital stock. Economic growth is analyzed by the growth rate of real gross domestic product. Private sector productivity is analyzed in four groups of branch as real gross value added per employee. Empirical estimation of the impact of government investments on economic growth and private sector productivity uses panel regression analysis including cross-sectional and period fixed effects on a sample of 28 European Union countries in the period 1995-2018. Two basic separate regression models are compiled - the first to estimate the impact of investments on economic growth, which is based on the basic macroeconomic equation of gross domestic product determined by the expenditure method. This model seeks to explain the impact of government investments by the demand side of the economy and in the short term. The second model estimates the impact of government investments on private sector productivity within three groups of main branch and is based on an adjusted production function. The analysis thus shifts to the supply side of the economy and the long term. The statistical significance of government investments was demonstrated for the first regression model and for the second regression model in the branch: Industry including energy, but with a negative sign, and Services.
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Economical growth of the Czech republic and France
VONDRUŠ, Daniel
The aim of this bachelor thesis is macroeconomic comparison of economic growth of the Czech Republic and France. Describe the economic relations between the countries compared. Study the main factors that influence economic growth and subsequently define the differences in his resources in these countries. Especially analyse economic growth from the year 2000 to the present by using selected macroeconomic indicators, then compare them over a period of time and describe their development.
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Společenská odpovědnost ve strategii podnikatelských subjektů
FUCHSOVÁ, Eva
Corporate social responsibility is a common part of corporate practice and an established topic of scientific research. Although many companies in the Czech Republic support CSR, the current trend in the strategic concept of the concept of social responsibility has not been sufficiently researched. Foreign studies have repeatedly concluded that the consistent incorporation of corporate social responsibility into corporate strategy and the strategic management of all dimensions of CSR strengthens corporate growth, brings competitive advantages, and contributes to society's sustainable development. The thesis aims to find out whether even in the Czech Republic business entities with a strategic concept of CSR achieve better economic results compared to those whose approach to social responsibility is rather intuitive and unsystematic. At the same time, it seeks to answer the question of whether, with different corporate strategies, it is desirable to focus on different CSR activities that would support corporate growth. A survey of the dimensions of strategic CSR and basic economic characteristics was carried out on a set of more than 400 Czech companies engaged in CSR. Data were processed by methods of cluster analysis, factor analysis and multinomial logistic regression. The results show that there is a link between a more advanced, i.e. strategic concept of CSR and achieving economic prosperity. It was also found that companies with different corporate strategies should carefully consider the benefits of individual CSR activities. All three strategies showed positive effects in activities aimed at employees and the local community, the differentiation strategy showed the benefits of cultivating a market environment and the quality strategy of human rights protection. Conversely, with the price strategy, additional CSR activity does not mean an economic advantage. The conclusions contribute to clarifying the links between strategic CSR and corporate growth in the Czech business environment and provide specific insights that companies can implement if they want to strengthen the positive effects of their socially responsible activities.
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The impact of financial development on carbon dioxide emissions: Evidence from CEECs
Liu, Yuanhao ; Szobi, Pavel (advisor) ; Chondrogiannis, Ilias (referee) ; Čech, František (referee)
A sample of 13 CEE countries from 2000 to 2019 is used to investigate the total, direct, and indirect effects of financial development on carbon dioxide emissions. This study introduces four mediating effects of financial development on carbon dioxide emissions, i.e. economic growth, industrial structure, technology innovation, and the combined effect. To assess mediating effects and decompose total effect, GMM-SYS methods and bootstrap are employed. The empirical results entail that the total effect of financial development on CO2 emissions is inverted U-shaped. The mediating effects of economic growth, technology innovation, and the combined effect are enhancing mediating effects, with contributions to the total effect of 7.12%, 1.74%, and 3.29%, respectively. On the contrary, the mediating effect of industrial structure is a suppressing effect, with a 44.42% contribution rate. Therefore, industrial structure turns out to be the primary mediators through which financial development influences CO2 emissions in CEE countries. These findings give additional empirical evidence for the mediational model and Environment Kuznets Curve hypothesis from the perspective of financial development, and also provide new ideas for CEE policy makers to reach carbon neutrality objective by 2050.
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Process of demographic transition and possible use of demographic dividend in selected countries of the MENA region
Vávrů, Tereza ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Kraus, Jaroslav (referee)
Process of demographic transition and possible use of demographic dividend in selected countries of the MENA region Abstract The aim of this work is to evaluate the course of demographic transition in the MENA region, mainly in two selected countries - Iran and Iraq. The course of this demographic transition is evaluated based on the analysis of fertility and mortality. Another aim is to evaluate the possible use of the demographic dividend that may occur in these countries. This is mainly to evaluate the key factors which affect the demographic dividend. First, we analyze the development of the age structure which is crucial for defining the beginning and the length of the period of the demographic dividend. Then comes the analysis of other factors such as health, education and employment of the population.These factors determine whether a country is able to effectively exploit the potential of the demographic dividend. It is obvious that not only the favorable age structure but also properly directed government policy is necessary for the period of demographic dividend. In conclusion we summarize the findings of analysis by which we determine at which stages of demographic transition Iran and Iraq are located. In addition, we approximately define the period of the demographic dividend in these two...
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Socio-economic motivated migration; Impacts of "voting with your feet" in the U.S.
Schneider, Matthew ; Kozák, Kryštof (advisor) ; Mysíková, Martina (referee)
This paper explores the implications of tax policy on the migration habits of the wealthiest of tax paying groups in certain U.S. states, and quantifies those implications for readers so they have a better understanding of how human behavior and tax systems interact. This is done so by examining the general phenomena of tax related migration as it manifests itself in specific real- world examples. As such, this paper projects the number of high-income taxpayers lost based on increases to the rates of personal income tax, and the associated tax dollar gains/losses (i.e. to what extent are top-tax bracket filers "voting with their feet"?). The paper provides calculations for three different rates of population sensitivity, and the corresponding numbers of lost tax payers in relation to a tax increase. The paper then goes on to show the diminishing returns of tax rate increases on top-tax bracket payers by calculating the amount of time needed for migration to completely offset the original gains from the high rate of taxation. The findings of this paper, which examine the states of New York, California, and Connecticut, conclude that these states will exhaust tax gains from a 5% income tax increases on top-tax bracket payers in the long term (46 - 142 years), and further concentrate their top-tax...
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