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How vibrate atoms in molecules
Trchová, Miroslava
Basis of vibration spectroscopy. Principles of FTIR spectrometry. Basis of the interpretation of the spectra. Experimental techniques used in the FTIR spectroscopy. Measurements of the spectra of thin films, membranes, surfaces, polymers, gels, viscous materials, rubbers, clays, powders and porous materials. Principles of reflection techniques (ATR, SR and DRIFTS).
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Problematika karcinomu čípku, zdravotně sociální dopady onemocnění
MÜLLEROVÁ, Jana
The objective of the bachelor thesis focused on this topic was monitoring of the system of prevention and therapy of precanceroses and cervical cancer, including the medicosocial impacts of the disease in a population of Czech women. The studied cohort consisted of women living in the South Bohemian region, Central Bohemia and Prague who underwent the complex treatment of cervical cancer. The experimental part of the thesis was performed using questioning strategy along with data collection using an anonymous questionnaire. Surprisingly, the research implies that most of the women became ill with cervical cancer despite undergoing the gynecological examinations regularly before disease onset. Thus, this prophylactic method was unable to prevent them from the disease development. The amount of information regarding the risk of internal genital cancer is insufficient, even if provided by a gynecologist. The strongest distress associated to the disease was represented by the course of treatment itself, both in somatic and psychic sphere. In half of the cases, the negative impact of treatment on the psyche of the women was confirmed. More than half of the women that underwent the treatment do not work. At the same time, it was revealed that the consequences of the disease have negative effects on intimate life with the partner, however, the partnerships didn{\crq}t break up. The results imply that it is necessary to evaluate and improve the interpretation quality of colposcopic and cytologic examinations at the level of local ambulances. At the moment, the planned vaccination seems to be the best measure in prevention of the disease. It is necessary to promote the level of awareness about the issue, preferably within the framework for sexual health education of girls in the primary schools and consequently during the preventive visits in gynecological ambulances. Based on physician {--} psychologist cooperation, the psychological distress in the course of treatment can be managed by providing psychological counseling already during the hospital treatment. The earlier return of the patient to work can be achieved by integrating the patients into the complex rehabilitation process. Cervical carcinoma represents a serious illness and it should be in the interest of our society to improve and perfect the system of its awareness and prevention.
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Interpretative strategies for the films with a low level of narration
Slováková, Andrea ; Kaňuch, Martin (referee) ; Hanáková, Petra (advisor)
Diploma thesis Interpretative strategies for films with a low level of narration have analyzed perception of mainly experimental films that are non-narrative or have a weak narration. Its goals were to articulate model of this perception and describe the main interpretative strategies. For defining a range of films for the research, firstly it is necessary to define key terms. Using theoretical knowledge and main characteristics of narrative as can be found in the works of the notable film theoreticians, especially Edward Branigan, David Bordwell, Carl Plantinga, Murray Smith, Seymour Chatman or Torben Grodal, I formulated definition of narrative film: The main feature of narrative film is continuity and time anchor (especially in relation to other events), organization of data that need to be related to each other in a recognizable way, which is based on causality. Active agents (living beings or other agents) have to be necessarily present and their actions include intentions and development towards the goal. The ordering of a narrative whole often includes beginning, middle and end, that together create a thematically and mostly (but not necessarily) also stylistically coherent unit. The definition of non-narrative film results from the notes excerpted from those texts of narratologists who take into...
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Problems in Theories of Low Stress Creep Mechanisms
Kloc, Luboš ; Sklenička, Václav ; Fiala, J.
Viscous creep behaviour of many materials including creep resistant steels was observed at temperatures close to one half of absolute melting point and at very low stresses. The experimental results were interpreted as Coble diffusional creep and/or Harper-Dorn dislocation creep. Some of the results are in a very good agreement with the Coble theory of diffusional creep and support an idea that the diffusional creep is an important deformation mechanism under certain loading conditions. Nevertheless, another results are not fully compatible with the theoretical predictions. Some authors dispute the role or even the very existence of the diffusional creep and offer the Harper-Dorn creep mechanisms instead. In fact, there are many theories trying to deescribe Harper-Dorn creep mechanism, but none of them is capable to explain all observed properties. Transition (or primary) stage observed at low stress creep regime exhibits also some properties which contradict all existing theories. The observed effects which cannot be explained by the current theories are: i) a large scatter of creep rates observed for coarse grain materials, ii) creep rates much higher than those predicted by the diffusional creep theory while the creep rate dependence on grain size is maintained, iii) transition stage duration is independent of stress, iv) transition strain is dependent on temperature. Despite the problems in theoretical description, the experiments show that the viscous creep regime in structural materials must be considered as an important behaviour of the structural materials.
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Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: application in a study of transient species in discharge and ablation plasma
Kubelík, Petr ; Civiš, Svatopluk (advisor) ; Wild, Jan (referee) ; Rohlena, Karel (referee)
The present dissertation consists of two thematically related parts. The first one (includes two publications) deals with the study of chemical pro- cesses and spectroscopy of highly reactive particles produced in the discharge plasma. This part includes the analysis of ro-vibronic CN radical transitions in the infrared region and the study of chemical reactions in pulsed dischar- ges. The discharge was used as a tool for research of decomposition of simple precursors (acetonitrile, formamide and BrCN) and the subsequent formation of intermediates and reaction products in plasma. The obtained experimental results were interpreted using a numerical model developed in context of this work and used to simulate the kinetics of the studied systems. The second part (includes seven works) is aimed at high-resolved spectro- scopy of metals in the ablation plasma. A total of six different metals were studied: Au, Ag, Cu, Cs, K and Na. The main motivation for spectroscopic research on metals in the infrared region is to obtain information on atomic metals transitions, which are particularly important for astronomical identi- fication of lines in the spectra of stars and their spectroscopic assignments. Each publication contains a summary of the analyzed atomic transitions of which a considerable portion had not...
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Simple Experiments with Naturally Occurring Materials in ChemistryEducation: Support of Empirical Method and Development of Related Competences
Böhmová, Hana ; Martínek, Václav (advisor) ; Smrček, Stanislav (referee) ; Vasileská, Marie (referee)
173 Summary The doctoral thesis is focused on the problem of gaining empirical knowledge in chemistry education, on the acquirement of related competences, and on the activities which would contribute to the improvements in chemistry education in this area. The aims set in the first part of the thesis were fulfilled. I have confirmed the insufficient level of the competences acquirement among the Czech students, such as formulation and verification of a hypothesis, planning and carrying out a simple experiment, interpretation of collected data or drawing conclusions. Main cause of this problem could be insufficient opportunity to develop these competences in school chemistry (or science) education at ground and high school level. Experimental activities of individual students are rare in Czech chemistry lessons. The teachers quote that the main problem responsible for this situation is missing equipment for practical activities in their schools and absence of suitable school experiments reflecting the given safety directives. Considering these findings, I have created a set of simple chemistry experiments utilizing natural products and substances The experiments are suitable for the individual work of students and for chemistry education even at schools without a laboratory or special science classroom....
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Study of the relations between the structure and function of C - terminal vanilloid receptor TRPV1
Gryčová, Lenka ; Obšil, Tomáš (advisor) ; Heřman, Petr (referee) ; Urbánková, Eva (referee) ; Krůšek, Jan (referee)
Transient receptor potential channel vanilloid receptor subunit 1 (TRPV1) is a thermosensitive cation channel activated by noxious heat as well as a wide range of chemical stimuli. Although ATP by itself does not directly activate TRPV1, it was shown that intracellular ATP increases its activity by directly interacting with the Walker A motif residing on the C-terminus of TRPV1. In order to identify the amino acid residues that are essential for the binding of ATP to the TRPV1 channel, we performed the following point mutations of the Walker A motif: P732A, D733A, G734A, K735A, D736A, and D737A. Employing bulk fluorescence measurements, namely a TNP-ATP competition assay and FITC labeling and quenching experiments, we identified the key role of the K735 residue in the binding of the nucleotide. Experimental data was interpreted according to our molecular modelling simulations. Calmodulin (CaM) is known to play an important role in the regulation of TRP channels activity. Although it has been reported that CaM binds to the Cterminus of TRPV1 (TRPV1-CT), no classic CaM-binding motif was found in this region. In this work, we explored this unusual TRPV1 CaM-binding motif in detail and found that five residues from a putative CaM-binding motif are important for TRPV1-CT's binding to CaM, with arginine R785...
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Poetry of Ludvík Kundera
Hubená, Ester ; Bílek, Petr (advisor) ; Wiendl, Jan (referee)
The thesis focuses on the poetry of Ludvík Kundera. It introduces his work in chronological order and within the contemporary literary-historical framework. The analysis and the interpretation of his early poems often refer to the war period. Language and its potentiality are a main concern in Kundera's other work. His poetry is defined in the context of avant-garde modern art: surrealism, dadaism and expressionism. The thesis researches the impact of Brecht's poetics on Kundera, too. It also introduces the persona of the artist, who significantly contributed to forming the Czech literary field during the second half of the 20th century. Kundera's poetry relates to Czech and foreign artists and their works. The poems rise from ordinary occasions, as well as showing the poet's intertextual approach. Experimentation, wordplay, lyrical humour and irony are an inherent part of Ludvík Kundera's work.
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