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Parameterized Complexity
Suchý, Ondřej ; Kratochvíl, Jan (advisor) ; Telle, Jan Arne (referee) ; Obdržálek, Jan (referee)
Title: Parameterized Complexity Author: Ondřej Suchý Department: Department of Applied Mathematics Advisor: Prof. RNDr. Jan Kratochvíl, CSc. Advisor's e-mail address: honza@kam.mff.cuni.cz Abstract: This thesis deals with the parameterized complexity of NP-hard graph problems. We explore the complexity of the problems in various scenarios, with respect to miscellaneous parameters and their combina- tions. Our aim is rather to classify in this multivariate manner whether the particular parameters make the problem fixed-parameter tractable or intractable than to present the algorithm achieving the best running time. In the questions we study typically the first-choice parameter is unsuccessful, in which case we propose to use less standard ones. The first family of problems investigated provides a common general- ization of many well known and studied domination and independence problems. Here we suggest using the dual parameterization and show that, in contrast to the standard solution-size, it can confine the in- evitable combinatorial explosion. Further studied problems are ana- logues of the Steiner problem in directed graphs. Here the parameter- ization by the number of terminals to be connected seems to be previ- ously unexplored in the directed setting. Unfortunately, the problems are shown to be...
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The Methodology of Measurement of Biomechanical Properties of Biological Materials
Kuchařová, Monika ; Ďoubal, Stanislav (advisor) ; Hanuš, Josef (referee) ; Petrtýl, Miroslav (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of biophysics and physical chemistry Candidate: Mgr. Monika Kuchařová Supervisor: Prof. Ing. RNDr. Stanislav Ďoubal, CSc. Title of Doctoral Thesis: The methodology of measurement of biomechanical properties of biological materials As a part of this dissertation thesis a methodology of measurement of mechanical properties of viscoelastic materials was developed. The methodology was then verified and applied in measurement of shoulder-blades of pheasants and in measurement of the trabecular section of human caput femoris in bending and twisting stress, viscoelastic parameters of these materials were also calculated. Results, in the case of human bones, were compared with measurement of body mass density and content of vitamin D. Mechanical behaviour of many biological materials corresponds to the behaviour of so- called viscoelastic body. These materials cannot be categorized simply as solids or liquids. The mechanical behaviour of this type of materials has partially elastic and partially viscose character. Skin, cell walls, bones, numerous structures of internal organs and many other materials belong to this category. In spite of the fact that in physiological conditions biological materials are loaded dynamically, in...
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Giuliani's Zero Tolerance Policy and Its Effectiveness
Tršová, Andrea ; Kozák, Kryštof (advisor) ; Calda, Miloš (referee)
The topic of this thesis is the zero tolerance policing which was established in New York in the second half of the 1990s. Authors of this police approach were New York City Mayor Rudolph Giuliani and Police Commissioner William Bratton. They took their offices in 1994, when there were very high crime rates in New York. Crime rates increased mainly in the 1980s but the situation was still very serious in the beginning of the 1990s. Under Bratton, who had a political support from mayor Giuliani, the New York Police Department adopted a strict law enforcement strategy, which is also called the zero tolerance. In the following years the crime rates went down indeed, and Giuliani and Bratton claimed credit for this crime drop. However, a lot of criticism of their police approach appeared soon and many studies explained falling crime rates as a result of other factors. This paper focuses on the description of changes that took place in the New York Police Department and on the discussion about factors that might have caused the crime drop. The purpose of this paper it to explain what the zero tolerance policing is, to analyze different factors that might have had caused declining of crime rates and to consider the effect of zero tolerance on crime rates.
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X-ray computed tomography of mouse embryo
Šejnohová, Marie ; Walek, Petr (referee) ; Kolář, Radim (advisor)
The aim of this semestral thesis is to compare the possibilities of available micro-CT systems. Theoretic part of this thesis there deals with possibilities of staining soft tissues and embryos because of enhancement the contrast of micro-CT images. Here follows a description of sources X-ray and detectors of available micro-CT systems. In practice there was realized the staining of embryo in cooperation with Department of histology and embryology in Brno. Then followed a measuring on FSI in Brno, ČVUT in Prague and synchrotron Elettra in Italy. In semestral thesis are described of the thesis there are compared the micro-CT systems and results of measuring embryos by means of presented systems and results are compared.The best results were obtained on micro-CT in Brno, where X-ray tube and flat panel detector were used. This images were used for a segmentation of cartilage olfactory system by means of 3D region growing. From results they were created 3D models for comparison with a manually segmented model. A less accurate results were obtain with the semi-automatic segmentation but this method isn’t too time-consuming.
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Biological activity of plant metabolites. XIV. Alkaloids of Papaver somniferum L. and their activity to acetylcholinesterase.
Suchánková, Petra ; Cahlíková, Lucie (referee) ; Opletal, Lubomír (advisor)
Suchánková, P.: Biological activity of plant metabolites XIV. Alkaloids of Papaver somniferum L. and their activity to acetylcholinesterase. Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2010, 57 pages. Within the screening of plants containing alkaloids potentially inhibiting human erythrocytic AChE and human butyrylcholinesterase was studied poppy (Papaver somniferum L) It was used 30 kg of poppy straw, basic extract was prepared by extraction of 95% alcohol. From this primary extract were prepared extracts with individual types of alkaloids by sequent procedue. In this diploma thesis only one extract was processed (extract type A-ether, pH 9 - 10). Alkaloids from this extract were separated into bases, where its chlorides are soluble and insoluble in chloroform. From each of above mentioned fractions phenolic and non-phenolic alkaloids has been obtained. In this work were separated alkaloids from extact AC1 (chlorides soluble in chloroform, non-phenolic. From this mixture was isolated narcotine by the using of column chromatography on alumina and preparative TLC on silica. This compound has been preliminary identified according to data of MS, melting point, optical rotary and by comparison with standard...
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Application of HPLC in pharmaceutical analysis.
Šestakova, Veronika ; Chocholoušová Havlíková, Lucie (referee) ; Matysová, Ludmila (advisor)
Determination of hexachlorophene in the product SEPTONEX ointment to the Department of Analytical Chemistry performed by HPLC. This method has many advantages over previously used titrate determination. The conditions of analysis are as follows: mobile phase is composed of 85% methanol with the addition of 1% acetic acid, column Purospher Merck RP C18, 5 mm (12.5 cm x 4 mm), flow rate of the mobile phase is 1.5 ml / min, sample injection volume is 20 µl. The aim was to optimize the use of methods, i.e. find the column using the modern trends in HPLC, which would allow obtaining precise, rapid and well reproducible results under similar chromatographic conditions. Based on the literature research were selected six different analytical columns with more or less similar characteristics as the column still used. In each of these columns have been measured solutions of standards hexachlorophene and solutions of ointment SEPTONEX samples at different flow rate of mobile phase. Other conditions of analysis have been retained. From the experiment showed that the tested columns is the most appropriate column Chromolith Performance RP18-e (10 cm x 4,6 mm) at a flow rate of mobile phase 2.0 ml / min. Another challenge was to find a suitable internal standard for faster and more accurate determination of...
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Suicidal behavior in childhood and adolescence
Koutek, Jiří ; Hrdlička, Michal (advisor) ; Papežová, Hana (referee) ; Stárková, Libuše (referee)
Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify risk factors and possible predictors of severity of suicidal behavior of children and adolescents. Methods: Seventy-seven patients (15 boys and 62 girls) aged 15.5 1.6 years on average, hospitalized due to a suicidal attempt in the department of pediatric psychiatry, were examined. Structured interviews with patients and their parents were used to clinically assess circumstances of suicidal behavior, relevant risk factors and severity of suicidal behavior. Results: The results indicated that patients with any previous traumatic experience tended to have somatically less severe suicidal attempts (p = 0.050). Intensity of suicidal intent was associated with a history of depression (p = 0.014) and anxiety disorders (p = 0.004), and the current stress from a mental disorder (p = 0.014). Somatic severity of suicidal behavior was significantly associated with intensity of suicidal intent (p = 0.014). A history of any trauma (previous traumatic experience predicted less severe suicidal behavior, p=0.053) and the current stress from sexual problems (p=0.067) were identified as predictors of somatic severity of suicidality. These two predictors showed only a trend level of significance. The only significant predictor of intensity of suicidal intent was the current...
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Free Throws in handball and its usage in a match
Myslíková, Judita ; Tůma, Martin (referee) ; Táborský, František (advisor)
Name and last name: Be. Judita Myslikova Title of the dipl. Work: The Free Throws in Handball and its Usage in a match Workplace: Department of physical culture, CharlesUniversity Leadership work: Decent, PhDr. Frantisek Taborsky, CSc. The year of defence: 2009 Abstract: The main goal of this thesis is to describe the real situation of free throws in handball. First of all we are going to focus on their frequency and way of implementation. It means that we will monitor the amount of directed free throws on the basis of matches watched on the Men's European Handball Championship in Norway. At the same time, our aim is to find out the way how each team passes these free throws and what the efficiency is. Last but not least goal is to compare the observed effects among more and less successful teams. Key words: handball, free throws, free throws combinations I agree thesis paper to be lent within the library service
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Logistical Approaches to the Development of Regional Tourism in Turkey
Patriková, Eva ; Zelený, Lubomír (advisor) ; Valentová, Jana (referee)
Tourism in Turkey has passed a certain developmental stage, but today increases an opportunity to broach a new stage in the development of alternative types of tourism. Together with appropriate development of transport infrastructure, may be developed the other less visited regions of Turkey. The government of Turkey is good aware of this fact and concerned departments approach to this challenge with proper importance. Thus, it could be expected a positive result.
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The process of creation of the budget of the Capital City of Prague
Nováková, Irena ; Boháč, Radim (referee) ; Marková, Hana (advisor)
Proces tvorby rozpočtu hl. m. Prahy Diplomová práce - 89 - 11. Summary Budget process of the City of Prague This thesis discusses the main aspects of the budget process of the City of Prague. At the beginning of the thesis there is a general description of the budget, position of the City of Prague and its municipal districts and the competence of local authorities in the sphere of budget. The first part is also focused on the rules of creation of the budget defined by law, the application of this rules in Prague as well as the procedures defined by the municipality itself. The position of Prague as the capital city of Czech Republic is defined in the Constitution of Czech Republic and in the Act No. 131/2000. The administrative powers of municipal districts are laid down in the Charter of the City of Prague. Together with the Prague City Hall, the municipal districts provide for both self-government and statutory functions of state administration. The city's principal administrative bodies are the Prague Assembly and the Prague Council. They are elected for a four-year term. The executive body is the Prague City Hall with its specialised departments and sections. Major issue of this thesis aims at the budget outlook and the creation of the budget as a unigue kind of procedure consisting of several phases....
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