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Management of Risk in an Intraoperative Care
KUDRLIČKOVÁ, Dagmar
Current Status: The management of risks is a strategy directed to the good reputation of the medical facilities, to protect assets, patiens and employees from any harm to health. Risk management consists of four interrelated phases: identification, assessment, mitigation and monitoring.Risk prevention and safety of patient and medical personnel requires the involvement of all members of the multidisciplinary team (Pokojová, 2011; Škrla and Škrlová, 2003).Subjekt: The main aim of the research was to identify the risks in the provision of nursing care during the intraoperative period and map installation of preventive mechanisms in the risk processes in providing nursing care during this period.Methods: The method of qualitative research was selected for survey research. Techniques of data collection was carried out using nonstandarized (depth) interview with the sisters (nurses). Participation in the interviews was voluntary and anymous. Interviews were recorded on the tape recorder and subsequently transcribed word for word. At the beginning of the talks were chased up objektive data on the age, length of experience in the health service and educational attainment of nurses. The first part of the discussion focused on issues related to risk identification of nursing care in the intraoperative period.Followed by a section with questions related to the mapping preventive mechanisms to risk processes in the intraoperative period.Participants: The research sample was studied with regard to the research problem. The group consisted of disters of Hospitál Písek, a.s. Six sisters were addressed. Three sisters worked as perioperative nurses and the other three as anesthetist nurses. Interviews and research questions were focused on the risk of nursing care in the intraoperative period from the perspektive of anesthesia and perioperative nurses. The venue of talks were sister facilities of central operating theaters. The selection criteria of sisters were: different period of practice, different education and different ages of sisters. All the sisters (nurses) met a criterion in providing nursing care in the intraoperative period.Results: Anesthetist and perioperative nurses providing nursing care in the intraoperative period are put at risks that are associated with their work in the operating theaters. These include physical occupational risks (ionizing radiation), chemical (risk of anesthetics inhalation), biological (risk of infection) and psychological stress factors. The Patient is in the intraoperative period is endargered by risks that are associated with the administration of anesthesia (difficult intubation), with surgery (risk of burns) and a total stay of patient in the operating theater (air-conditioned enviroment). As possible means of preventing and managing risks in the working environment of nurses can mention an adequate communication within a multidisciplinary team, the use of disposable protective equipment, ample off after intensive services and keeping on instructions, standards and relevant legislation. In the prevention of chosen risks that threaten the patient in the intraoperative period can recommended these possible eventualities of prevention: during administration of anesthesia(anesthesia techniques monitoring medications and device monitoring), during surgery (adherence to aseptic procedures) and during the whole stay of a patient in the operating room (theatre) we can recommend(regular audits of intraoperative care and medical records with keeping on instructions and standards of nursing care.Conclusions: Intraoperative nursing care is one of the most high-risk part of hospitalization in the medical facilities. During this period is very important a substantial monitoring and prevention of risks that threaten the patient immediately.
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The Ethical Dilemma of Social Service Employees Working with Senior Citizens
HRUŠKOVÁ, Veronika
The subject of the bachelor thesis is Ethical dilemmas of employees in social services when working with seniors. The work is divided into a theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part is divided into three chapters. The first chapter focuses on social services, and describes what social services are, who receives them and what their principles are. It also defines who a social services employee is and the prerequisites and principles for social services employees. The chapter additionally lists the behavioral principles when dealing with clients and problems which may occur when working with seniors. The second chapter targets ethics and dilemmas which arise in social work. It addresses questions such as what are ethics and morality, what are ethical principles and what is the ethical code. Furthermore, it describes ethical dilemmas, how to handle them and their possible consequences. Last but not least, it also mentions the burnout syndrome, which is a significant component of every exacting profession and needs to be taken into account so that one may avoid it. The third, last chapter focuses on psychological hygiene, i.e. means of relaxing and resting. Psychological hygiene is essential, and the same goes for professional and regular supervision at the workplace, both of which can prevent the burnout syndrome. The goal of the work was to map the methods used by social services employees for solving ethical dilemmas arising from their work with seniors. To obtain the necessary information, we used a qualitative study via a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. The primary research question was: "How do social services employees approach ethical dilemmas which arise during their work with seniors, and what affects their subsequent behavior?" To answer the primary research question, we designated three partial research questions with subsequent sub-questions, which were answered by respondents during an interview. The research sample comprised four social services employees at the G-centrum Tábor retirement home, specifically two women and two men. Respondents were selected by a targeted selection. The research uncovered the most frequent dilemmas the employees faced and had to resolve. These dilemmas were not only related to their clients, but also often to their family members, who are sometimes intertwined with the arising ethical dilemmas. This makes resolving such problems even more difficult. Respondents claimed that they do their best to follow professional conduct and to prevent damage or harm to their clients, ensuring that the clients continue to trust them. Their practice and years of experience help significantly in this regard. Of course, solution of arising dilemmas also relies on their common sense and good intuition, which they say is often correct. They are aware that their decisions are influenced by several factors, ranging from physical ones such as tiredness and exhaustion to psychological ones such as stress, mood and others. Still, they do their best to ensure that their judgment is not impaired and that the situation is resolved to the client's satisfaction. Each of them relies on some form of relaxation, which allows them to charge-up and takes their minds off stressful situations at work. These included biking, hiking, reading books or spending time with their grandchildren. It is important to know how to relax. Respondents agreed that they have ample time for psychological relaxation. The only thing they complained about was supervision at their workplace. Although proper supervision is a tool/component of psychological hygiene, the employees did not regard it highly. It would likely be a good idea to improve this area at the facility. This bachelor thesis could serve as an informative document for students at the Faculty of Health and Social Studies of the University of South Bohemia, for management of the G-centrum Tábor retirement home, and also for the general public.
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Creation of the Metaphors by Pupils, 8th Grade
Kurincová, Taťána ; Chrz, Vladimír (referee) ; Hříbková, Lenka (advisor)
The scope of this thesis was to track the metaphorical creativity of the 8th grade students. The research took place in three classes: in regular elementary school class, in language elementary school class and in eight years high school class. The main issues I was dealing with were following: Are the 8th grade students able to create metaphoras and if so than what are the main characteristics of their creation. Which factors can help and which can hinder such their ability. Can we already notice at the age of such students major differences in their language creativity? The structure of my thesis derives from my previous experience connected to the research on knowledge of the metaphoras of elementary school students at first and from a deep analysis of the scientific literature on the creativity at second. I have decided after a detailed study to give two materials to different students which are focused on the affirmation of their verbal expression and on their ability to understand metaphoras and hence the ability to create them. The research itself took place in the following way: first the students were given the material on the orientative affirmation of their verbal expression and after a one-week break material on their ability to understand and to create metaphoras. One school lesson during...
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Nursing care of patiens undergoing cystoscopic follow-up
MAŠÍKOVÁ, Kateřina
The subject of this bachelor work is Nursing care of patients undergoing permanently cystoscopic follow-up. The thesis is divided into two parts. The theoretical part is devoted to the problem of providing nursing care to patients witch bladder cancer who untergo regular cystoscopic controls. It describes characteristics of the malignancy of the urinary bladder and its treatment, system of cystoscopic controls, awereness and nursing care for these patients. We have identified six objectives for this work. The first objective was to determine whether the patients have information about cystoscopic examination. The second objective was to determine whether the patients have information on duration of cystoscopic follow-up. The third objective was to map the most common complications after the cystoscopic examinations from the perspective of the patient. The forth objective was to map nursing practice of nurses in the care of permanently cystoscopic follow-up patients. The fifth objective was to determine whether the nurses know the specifics of nursing care for permanently cystoscopic followed-up patients. The last objective was to map the most common complications after the cystoscopic examination from the perspective of nurses. In the empirical part we set three hypotheses and three research questions. The first hypothesis was that patients have information about cystoscopic examination. The second hypothesis was that patients have the information on the length of cystoscopic follow-up. The third hypothesis stated that patients report as the most common complication after examination cystoscopic dysuriac problems. The first research question was what are the procedures for nurses in the nursing care of patients cystoscopic followed-up patients at selected locations. The second research question was what are the specifics of the nursing care of permanently cystoscopic follow-up patients from the perspective of nurse. The third research question was what are the most common complications after cystoscopic examination from the perspective of nurses. Based on an anonymous evaluation questionnare, the first, second and third hypothesis are confirmed and all the research questions were answered on the basic of interviews witch nurses. To obtain information from patients who are permanently cystoscopic followed-up at hospital departments of urology Nemocnice České Budějovice, a.s. and Nemocnice Písek a.s. (=Hospital, a.s. joint-stock company) was used a quantitative method for date collection through an anonymous questionnaire. The questionnare contained 25 closed and semi-open questions. A total of 120 questionnaires were distributed of whitch the final survey used research of 82 ones. Survey results are summarized in graphs. Nonstandardized interview questioning technique witch nurses was used for data collection of quantitative research method. Getting information from the nurses was carried out through depth interview and was by means questions prepared in advance. Research survey was attended by 8 nurses working in hospital department of urology in Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s. and Nemocnice Písek a.s. Interviews with nurses were drawn for charity in case reports. Discussion was confronted with the specialized literature. The outcome of this bachelor work is the information booklet for permanently cystoscopic followed-up patients.
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Attitudes toward social system securing – November 2016
Pilecká, Jarmila
In November 2016 CVVM included in regular research questions on social policy. Questions investigated opinions of the czech public connected to the involvement of the state and the citizens themselves to funding the sphere of social policy. Other questions focused on whether the current distribution of responsibilities is divided equally between state and citizens. Finally, we were interested in opinion on the fair distribution of benefits and abuse of the social security system.
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Social perception of Game Management with emphasis on social group dealing with ornithology
Menclová, Barbora ; Obleser, Petr (advisor) ; Adámková, Jana (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on evaluation of the stand of ornithological comunity on game management under the terms of problematical relationships between these two groups. Its goal is to chart the concrete fields of arguments within the legislation, as well as game management´s beneficial effects and moral aspects. Another pursuit is also to sketch the realization of possible cooperation. Using questionnaire, which was sent to members of Czech Society for Ornithology and its regional subdivisions, the respondents answered 20 questions and these results were statistically evaluated.
The results show, that game management itself is perceived slightly differently compared with perception of individual hunters. The game management is evaluated more as salutary, whereas the hunters evoke rather negative feelings among respondents. It can be caused by subjective experiences, which influence the way the respondents see the whole game management society. Legislation seems to be the often repeated problem, to be concrete its breaking for example by illegal hunting or insufficient demands for to get a hunting and a gun licence. Ornithologists would also welcome changes regarding the list of the game animals. Problem is also the insufficient knowledge of hunters in the field of ornithology and ekology, which could be solved by tightening the conditions for the hunting and the gun licence.
From the proposals, which were laid in the questionnairy and which are dealing with improving of the mutual relations, the respondents voted mainly discussion - collective, regular, at the expert level, where could be possible to solve actual issues relating game management, as well as ornithology.
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The influence of nutrition on the incidence of obesity among children aged 10 - 15 years.
Svobodová, Hana ; Hučko, Boris (advisor) ; Markéta , Markéta (referee)
The main aim of this thesis was identify nutritional status, especially the incidence of overweight and obesity among children aged 10 - 15 years and evaluate the qualitative and quantitative aspects of eating, eating habits and regularity of eating in relationship to physical parameters. This research deals with the frequency and type of physical activity, which is also an integral part of a healthy lifestyle. The research was conducted at children´s department in Klaudián´s hospital in Mladá Boleslav, in the presence of person, who was carried out this research. Data collection was carried out by filling questionnaires and real measurements of physical parameters or using data measured in the doctor´s office. Obtained anthropometric data were analyzed by using percentile graphs. Questions regarding eating and physical activities were evaluated separately. It was found that 16,25 % of the 80 examined individuals were overweight and 22,50 % obese. It was found that the BMI and subsequent inclusion in the percentile graphs correlates well with the values of the waist circumference.The link between diet and the prevalence of overweight or obesity was not proven. The most commonly consumed inappropriate nutrition component are sweetened beverage. Half of individuals do physical activity at least 3 times a week. H1 hypothesis, which assumed the prevalence of obesity among examined individuals greater than 13 % was confirmed. It also was confirmed hypothesis H3, which was supposed to sweetened drinks daily drinking less than one third of respondents. Other hypotheses H2 and H4 were rejected.The research confirmed the current trend of increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity. At the same time, there was found deficiency in the quality of consumed food and the frequency of physical activity. Nutrition and principles of healthy eating are not the only one cause of this problem, although they have large share on development of overweight and obesity.
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Grants for promoting alternative energy sources
Gábelová, Barbora ; Munzi, Tomáš (advisor) ; Vebrová, Ludmila (referee)
This work deal with the characteristics of alternative energy sources, their usage, comparing with nonrenewable energy sources and of development alternative energy sources above all by grant programs. Important part of this work is also comparing efectivnes and costs. Practical part is followed by a list of requirements and operations necessary for a succesfull and proper utilization of grants. The goal of this work is to show influence of energy production on world economic-political situation especially comparing nonrenewable and alternative sources. Accomplishment of this work I consider finding answer on question: "Is it possible to incorporate alternative energy sources into the regular energy production without grant programs?"
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