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Property relations between spouses; a comparison of Czech and Austrian legislation
Maturová, Magdaléna ; Salač, Josef (advisor) ; Salač, Josef (referee)
57 už přímo, nebo analogicky. V právní praxi převládá názor, že se rozvodem manželské smlouvy ruší s účinky ex nunc57 . Rozvádějící se manželé se buď dohodnou na rozdělení jejich společného majetku, pokud se jim však nepodaří takovou dohodu uzavřít, musí rozhodnout soud. V Rakousku se v rozvodovém právu uplatňuje princip zjišťování viny na rozpadu manželství, což se promítá i do uspořádání majetkových vztahů mezi rozvádějícími se manžely. Pokud není rozpadem manželství vinen ani jeden z nich, platí, že byla manželská smlouva zrušena. To má za následek, že každý z bývalých manželů obdrží z majetkové masy to, co do ní vnesl, včetně toho, oč se v manželství tento majetek zvětšil. Pokud však jeden z manželů nese na rozvratu manželství vinu, má druhý z nich možnost volby postupu při vypořádání. V podstatě může dojít ke dvěma základním situacím, a to buď ke zrušení manželské smlouvy nebo se postupuje jako v případě smrti. Pokud se manžel rozhodne pro variantu postupu jako v případě smrti, dělí se majetek v zásadě na dva stejné podíly. 6. Závěr Na první pohled by se mohlo zdát, že přístupy českého a rakouského práva k úpravě majetkových vztahů mezi manžely jsou od sebe tak odlišné, že nemají téměř nic společného. Na české straně stojí společné jmění ex lege, v zákonem stanoveném rozsahu, na straně rakouské naopak...
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Identification of Terpenoid Resins in Artworks by Gas Chromatography
Jelínek, Jan ; Beneš, Pavel (referee) ; Hrdličková Kučková, Štěpánka (advisor)
Terpenoic varnishes are used in artworks since 11th century. Their task is to protect the artworks against the adverse effects of the environment and frequently they complete the artistic page. Although synthetic varnishes are currently widely used, especially in the case of modern art, the use of natural materials is still widespread and not only in the restoration of historical paintings and polychromy. In order to prepare terpenoic varnishes, rich supply of natural resins is used (damare, mastic, copals, colophony etc.). These resins differ in their composition and therefore they have various physical properties such as fragility, solubility, and not least the various darkening of varnish. For these reasons, it is necessary to know their composition, in order to be safely removed during restoration and subsequently replaced by a varnish of the same material composition. Gas chromatography is the most widely used analytical method for determination of natural resins, using a number of derivatizing reagents. The task of this thesis was to find the best separation conditions for the identification of resins by gas chromatography combined with flame ionization detector (GC-FID).
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Objective arbitrability in International Commercial Arbitration
Svatoš, Martin ; Pauknerová, Monika (advisor) ; Dobiáš, Petr (referee)
Objective arbitrability in International Commercial Arbitration Martin Svatoš Abstract: The objective of this paper is to explain the issue of objective arbitrability of disputes in an international commercial arbitration. The approach of objective arbitrability argues what kind of disputes could be an object for an international arbitration. This paper is focused on comparing the Czech and the foreign approach. The paper consists of two main chapters, each of them dealing with different aspects of arbitrability. Chapter One is introductory and defines basic terminology used in the thesis: especially the definition of arbitrability, the distinction between subjective and objective arbitrability. The question of choosing of law is mentioned, too. It outlines the main coincidences of objective arbitrability with public order and examines relevant Czech and other legislations, especially the Austrian, the German, the French or US approach. Finally, it provides an outline of relevant international conventions. Chapter Two deals with the objective arbitrability in some special law fields. It is focused on Intellectual property law, antitrust and competition law, insolvency law, on the intra-corporate disputes, on the franchisee contacts and finally on bribery and corruption. Conclusions are made in last chapter....
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Issues of accounting and control at nursery schools
Jurková, Tereza ; Králíček, Vladimír (advisor)
This work deals with accounting nursery schools and the subsequent scrutiny. Also focuses on the importance and status of nursery schools in the network of schools and school facilities. Monitors who may be the founder and the resulting funding opportunities for nursery schools. Lists the various forms in which the nursery school set up in more detail and is concerned with the school legal entity. In the field of accounting is to focus mainly on property and its accounting procedures that are outlined in several examples. More detail is the work focuses on the cash and equity funds. To their accounting methods and the possibility of their use. Whereas the kindergarten are financed mainly from public funds, includes the work of a few details on how monitoring is carried out and who has the opportunity and obligation to carry out such checks.
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Settlement of community property of spouses
Děd, Pavel ; Dvořák, Jan (advisor) ; Salač, Josef (referee)
56 7. Závěr - Společné jmění manželů a budoucí právní úprava Ještě předtím, než se budu zabývat konkrétní úpravou SJM a jeho vypořádání, chtěl bych se krátce zmínit obecně o potřebnosti kodifikace celého občanského práva. Je reálným stavem, že náš platný občanský zákoník se v mnohém liší od obdobných kodifikací z oblasti kontinentální kultury. Stručně lze připomenout, že jde o právní předpis poznamenaný dobou svého vzniku, ovlivněný ideologií vítězství socialismu v zemi, popřením duality práva soukromého a veřejného a představou o postupném odumírání práva vůbec. Zákoník byl vystavěn na principu preference zájmů společnosti nad zájmy jednotlivce a preference socialistického (především státního) vlastnictví. Dalšími nedostatky zákona č. 40/1964 Sb. bylo to, že byl původně koncipován jako lex specialis, upravující jen určitou část majetkových vztahů. Obecnou povahu (lex generalis) v soukromoprávní oblasti získal až novelou č. 509/1991 Sb.79 Z toho vyplývající duplicita některých právních úprav (především subjektivity, promlčení atd.) v jednotlivých soukromoprávních kodexech přispívá k nepřehlednosti dnešního českého práva. Věcná působnost OZ byla omezena pouze na některé majetkové vztahy (tzv. spotřebitelské právo). Po dvou neúspěšných pokusech v 90. letech byly z rozhodnutí ministra O. Motejla z ledna r....
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The Immovable Property Tax in Slovakia -- Analysis of the Chosen Town
Smiková, Martina ; Sedmihradská, Lucie (advisor)
The thesis deals with an analysis of immovable property tax in the town Levoča. It proceeds from comparison of the most considerable differences in property taxation before reform which came in force in 2005 and after its implementation.The attention is focused on changes as a result of this reform with emphasis on behaviour of tax administrator (community). This point is resulting in goal of thesis, that is appreciation of these influences through analyses. The main part of thesis consists of those analyses, the analysis of general rules and analysis of tax incomes.
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Geometry on GPU
Fromek, Daniel ; Ambrož, David (referee) ; Pelikán, Josef (advisor)
Today's GPUs, thanks to their performance and programmability (this property wasn't available until recently), are a promising tool for performing geometric computations in computer graphics. But differences between GPUs and CPUs cause a number of complications when adapting particular algorithms. Some of them are even easier to implement on GPU then on CPU, for others it is more difficult and some of them are totally unsuitable for GPU. This thesis studies ways how to employ GPU in computations regarding some well known types of curves and surfaces. Main focus is on area of subdivision surfaces, which are often used in today's computer graphics modeling, because they are very powerful tool. Part of this thesis is an implementation of algorithm for GPU that constructs subdivision surfaces using Catmull-Clark scheme. Results show us that GPU can perform these computations much faster than CPU, proving GPU to be handful tool when performing computer graphics geometric computations.
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Specifics of doing business with Georgia
Šapošnikov, Pavel ; Gullová, Soňa (advisor) ; Laschoberová, Libuše (referee)
The aim of this work is to analyze the Georgia today, its ekonomic relations, political and economic order. Based on the analysis to highlight the strengths and weaknesses important from the perspective of a potential investor in or on the territory of Georgia. To achieve results of economic, political and other indicators, including the practical point of view and putting on the specifics of investment in the country. Work is worthy because nowadays in literature or in the Internet are only bits and pieces of scattered and poor information. Therefore benefit from the creation of a whole work is that it can serve as a relevant indicator of what the investor can approach when doing business in or with Georgia. Work structure is as follows: 1. Characteristic of Georgia (geopolitical characteristics, economic characteristics, external trade relations, specific factors for the development of the country, and current trade agrements with the authorities and private individuals and the presumption of further development) 2. Environment for foreign business entities in Georgia (the investment climate and investment incentives, the conditions for the foundation and operation of foreign businesses, taxation, customs and foreign exchange regime). 3. Opportunities for investment and business in present (perspective sectors suitable for foreign investors, the risks for foreign investment, the conflict in Abkhazia and Ossetia and practical recommendations)
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Study of extraction of the biologically active substances from elderberry marc
Lošková, Tereza ; Diviš, Pavel (referee) ; Vespalcová, Milena (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the determining of anthocyanin pigments in the extracts of elderberry marc (Sambucus nigra L.). The theoretical part is divided into four main chapters. In the first chapter there is botanical characteristics of elderberry, its origin and occurrence, chemical composition and the possibilities of usage in a food industry. The second part is devoted to characterization of phenolic compounds in berry fruits. Bigger attention is given to anthocyanin dyes, its occurrence, properties, health and antioxidant effects and the possibilities of usage in food industry. The third chapter is devoted to methods of determination of discussed dyes and phenolic compounds. The fourth chapter deals with the possibilities of disruption of plant cell walls. In the experimental part a series of elderberry marc's extraction was made. The purpose was to optimize the extraction course and to get the highest yield of dyes in an economically and operationally acceptable way. Time dependence of extractions was studied and a kind of extraction solvent and a ratio of its components were optimized. Distilled water or its mixture with ethanol was used as a solvent. During the water extraction the temperatures 25 °C and 50 °C were maintained and with the higher temperature the higher yields were obtained. Apart from this another supporting components as cellulolytic enzyme, ultrasound or shaker were used. The most effective method of extraction proved to be the extraction by the mixture water-ethanol (50:50) in the volume 80 mL. The total anthocyanins yield of this extraction was, expressed as cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalent, 914,4 ± 3,8 mg100 g-1 dry weight after 10 hours and the total phenolics yield was, expressed as gallic acid equivalent, 1957,0 ± 9,9 mg100 g-1 dry weight at the same time. The usage of ultrasound increased the efficiency of the extraction by water at 50 °C by 12 %. On the contrary, the usage of cellulolytic enzyme didn't increase the anthocyanin yield, because the enzyme was inactive.
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Slope stability calculations for small dams
Hajda, Jindřich ; Hodák,, Jiří (referee) ; Říha, Jaromír (advisor)
There are approximately 20 000 small dams in the Czech Republic. This number entails many ponds or small flood attenuation reservoirs, which provide protection against floods. We do not know much about the structure and material properties of these earth dikes. Concerning the small dam stability the current technical standard ČSN 75 2410 focuses foremost on the angle of both the upstream and downstream slopes in case of different materials, and the method of the stability assessment in case of a dam height being 6m or more. Most of these earth dikes are still standing in spite not being built according to any technical standards. They do not follow any standards mostly because they were built before the modern technical standards were published. This diploma thesis focuses on assigning the degree of a reserve in the safety factor for studies of 5 homogeneous earth dikes and 3 inhomogeneous earth dikes. The calculation was done using the Plaxis 2D software using to the shear strength reduction method. The Calculation of the safety degree is made for 4 typical load cases.
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