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Seeking Reconciliation between Georgia and Abkhazia: The Bottom-Up Approach since 2008
Salát, Patrik ; Brisku, Adrian (advisor) ; Horák, Slavomír (referee)
The diploma thesis deals with the reconciliation process between Georgia and Abkhazia after 2008. It focuses on the bottom-up approach to reconciliation and its potential for the transformation of protracted and unresolved conflict. As bilateral negotiations at the political level between Georgia and Abkhazia have been stuck since 2006, this approach may be the only tool to disrupt the current status quo. Nevertheless, the research results show that this potential is quite limited in Georgia. The current discourse about the conflict that supports the status quo is related to ethnic identity and is also supported internationally. Middle-range leaders who are a significant part of the civil peace process between Georgia and Abkhazia have attempted to disrupt this discourse. Still, even their willingness to compromise is limited by a myth-symbol complex. Moreover, participants in peace projects are not homogeneous groups that aim to disrupt the current discourse. The research results show that reconciliation outside the state level has contributed at least to the preservation of negative peace because its participants mostly avoid stereotypes, do not feel negative emotions towards the other side, and reject violence as a tool for conflict resolution.
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Collective memory and Nigerian Civil War in Nigerian diaspora in Dublin
Ojo Omorodion, Nick ; Váška, Jan (advisor) ; Kasáková, Zuzana (referee)
1 Annotation The topic of this thesis is the collective memory of the Nigerian Civil War among people living in the Nigerian diaspora in the Irish capital Dublin. The author examines in a sample of 19 people of Nigerian descend how respondents form their individual memories within a broader collective memory in the diaspora. Respondents are divided into groups based on two parameters. The first is their ethnic-regional origin in Nigeria and the second is whether they belong to the first or second generation of immigrants in Ireland. Primary data is collected by using the structured interview method with open-ended questions. The method of comparative qualitative content analysis is used to process the data. All the while the author considers the two levels of distinction in the respondent groups. The thesis is theoretically based on theories of memory, specifically collective memory. Furthermore, the concept of the diaspora outlines the topic theoretically as well. The aim of the work is to find out what factors influence the formation of individual memories and how the collective memories of groups of respondents differ based on the above-mentioned division. The secondary objectives of the thesis are the characterization of the Nigerian diaspora in Dublin and the issue of self-identity of the first and...
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The Historical Roots of the Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh
Hladík, Jan ; Pargač, Jan (advisor) ; Šatava, Leoš (referee)
The Historical Causes of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict The following bachelor thesis covers the historical development of the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. The main goal is to analyse the question of the area changes that have occured in the Caucasus during centuries and also to show the influnce of policy of three main empires - Russian, Ottoman and Persian. The text is also trying to outline the ethnic and religious factors and clarify a relation of Christian Armenians and Shi'a Muslim Azeris in the Transcaucasus. The problem of coexistence between Armenian Christians and surrounding Muslim majority - not only Azeris on the east but also Turks and Kurds, is crucial for understanding of situation in the region.
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Value of Territory: A Critical View on Natural Resources Being a Cause of Ethnic Conflict
Okonkwo Gattuso, Nicole ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
Nicole Okonkwo Gattuso Diploma Thesis Abstract Abstract Keywords: Value of Territory, Natural Resources, Niger Delta Region, Ethnic Conflict, Separatist movements, Biafra. This study deals with the ethnic conflict in the Federal Republic of Nigeria. The main objective of this study is to analyse whether the valued territory of the Niger Delta region is the cause of the ethnic conflict in the country. Moreover, the geographical south-east region of Nigeria is trying to separate itself from the rest of the federation because the Igbo population inhabiting this region claims they are being marginalised in the country. However, if the south-east region, called also Biafra, becomes the Biafran Republic it is highly probable that the south-south is going to separate along. The federal government is not satisfied with the fact, as 80% of the federal revenue comes from the Niger Delta region and they do not want to loose it. Therefore, my findings show that if the movement for the secession of Biafra is going to be crushed down by force, the movement will radicalise and get stronger with the intensified dissatisfaction of the local population. The local population of these two geographical regions created many movements which are fighting not only the federal government but also the multination corporation...
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Conflict Dynamics in the Power-sharing Postconflict States
Podhorský, Vojtěch ; Aslan, Emil (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
Power-sharing has become a frequent approach to conflict resolution and postconflict reconstruction in deeply divided multi-ethnic states. Although most of the power-sharing arrangements failed within the first years after their establishment, a few contemporary cases are associated with successful power-sharing, namely with the consociational model. This work aims to determine the impact of the power-sharing arrangement on conflict dynamics and vice versa, thus the development of the model in the long term. Designs, aims and theoretical predictions of two power-sharing models, specifically consociational and centripetal models, are elaborated and subsequently compared with the after-civil war development in Lebanon and Burundi from 2005 to 2019. The periods are divided into time units bounded by amendments of the power-sharing arrangements and peace agreements. That enables to observe the development of both conflict dynamics and models. Political and civil society developments, conflicts registered in the UCDP database and political crisis are considered and put into the context of power-sharing arrangements. Based on the results, I claim that conflict dynamics from the last civil war are maintained on elites' level in the long term, while the gap between elites and masses has widened. Also, the...
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The US approach towards Bosnia and Herzegovina in the context of the Dayton Peace Agreement
Vokálová, Daniela ; Žíla, Ondřej (advisor) ; Šístek, František (referee)
The Bosnian war that took place from 1992-1995 was one of the most cruel war conflict in modern history. There was engaged international alliance with pivotal role of United States in it. Despite the fact that the United States was quite reluctant to be significantly engaged in conflict, in the end it was just United States that was the most significant international participant as Americans persuaded all aggressors to sign Dayton Peace Agreement. This thesis analyzes the development of American diplomacy and its attitude towards situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BaH). The primary source of analyze will be declassified sources "National Security Documents" that are published in Clinton Digital Library. The aim of this thesis is to get to know the way how American diplomacy influenced the dynamics of conflict, how the US participated in it and how American diplomacy led international community and the parties of the conflict toward the end of the war - Dayton Accords. Time frame of this thesis is period from 1991-1995, whereas the fundamental part of thesis works with period of 1993-1995. Keywords Clinton, Bush senior, BaH, conflict, diplomacy, Dayton Accords
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International mediation as a tool for ethnic conflict resolution in Africa
Láníková, Hana ; Tymofeyeva, Alla (advisor) ; Faix, Martin (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with mediation as an instrument for ethnic conflict resolution in Africa. The author determined the feasibility and effectiveness of mediation as a tool for solving the ethnic conflict in Africa as the research topic of this thesis. The aim of the diploma thesis is to provide an evaluation of the current international legal regulation of mediation, of its sufficiency and integrity. Furthermore, the author aims to provide a comprehensive and complex view of the use of mediation in ethnic conflict resolution in Africa through an interdisciplinary analysis of the academic literature, both from Czech and foreign sources. The author sees her personal contribution by writing this thesis in the fact that in the Czech Republic the issue of mediation as a tool for ethnic conflict resolution has not been systematically researched yet. This diploma thesis is divided into four chapters, which are further subdivided into subchapters. The introductory chapter of this thesis describes a theoretical introduction to the issue of ethnicity and its legal regulation. Furthermore, the author deals with the origins of ethnic conflicts. The second chapter deals with the legal framework for international settlement of conflicts. This chapter also discusses in detail the various possible ways of...
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Cultural and historical origins of political tension between Flemish and Walloons
Durnová, Denisa ; Lehmannová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Doležal, Tomáš (referee)
The bachelor thesis analyzes the ethnic conflict between Flemish and Walloons in Belgium. Today, Europe is struggling with a few cases where citizens of one country demand a split. Linguistically and socially divided Belgium is high on all lists of potentially disintegrating European states.This conflict has become a symbol of Belgium. Two different ethnic groups have been seeking autonomy for many years. The main aim of the bachelor thesis is to find out whether Belgium will be a unitary state in the future. The bachelor thesis is divided into three parts. The first part defines the theoretical and methodological basis. The knowledge from this section is applied in the second chapter - empirical part. The second and third chapters analyze the case of Belgium. The second chapter details parliamentary elections in Belgium in 2007, the subsequent political crisis, its causes and consequences. The third chapter defines the factors connecting the Belgians. At the end of the work the author will be able to answer the research question due to the detailed analysis.
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Value of Territory: A Critical View on Natural Resources Being a Cause of Ethnic Conflict
Okonkwo Gattuso, Nicole ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Ditrych, Ondřej (referee)
Nicole Okonkwo Gattuso Diploma Thesis Abstract Abstract Keywords: Value of Territory, Natural Resources, Niger Delta Region, Ethnic Conflict, Separatist movements, Biafra. This study deals with the ethnic conflict in the Federal Republic of Nigeria. The main objective of this study is to analyse whether the valued territory of the Niger Delta region is the cause of the ethnic conflict in the country. Moreover, the geographical south-east region of Nigeria is trying to separate itself from the rest of the federation because the Igbo population inhabiting this region claims they are being marginalised in the country. However, if the south-east region, called also Biafra, becomes the Biafran Republic it is highly probable that the south-south is going to separate along. The federal government is not satisfied with the fact, as 80% of the federal revenue comes from the Niger Delta region and they do not want to loose it. Therefore, my findings show that if the movement for the secession of Biafra is going to be crushed down by force, the movement will radicalise and get stronger with the intensified dissatisfaction of the local population. The local population of these two geographical regions created many movements which are fighting not only the federal government but also the multination corporation...
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The Role of Chosen Intergenerational Traumas in The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict in The Light of The Theory of Vamık D. Volkan
Pits, Anastasia ; Oberpfalzerová, Hana (advisor) ; Karásek, Tomáš (referee)
My bachelor thesis is based on studies of Vamik D. Volkan and his analysis about psychology of conflicts. The studies are applied on chosen traumas of intractable conflict in Karabakh. The bachelor thesis suggests an investigation upon the influence of those traumas on the intensity of conflict and their exploitation for political and national mobilization. According to methodological point of view, Volkans theory of chosen trauma is presented firstly. Afterwards, an detailed analysis of conflict in Karabakh, its main political features and historical development would be shown. Firstly, an emphasis is made on those events, which represent elements of Volkan theory on chosen trauma. The investigation compares chosen traumas of Armenians and Azerbaijanis and their influence on modern policy upon the conflict in Karabakh. The goal of this project is to show that media and press makes an emphasis on Genocide as a chosen trauma of Armenians, while the traumas of Azerbaijanis are mostly ignored, however, it's impossible to deny their existence. Furthermore, chosen traumas of both countries would be compared and contrasted. To sum up, the exploitation of chosen traumas by politicians would be analyzed between the years 1988-1994 to show their role for mobilization.
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