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Ekphrasis as a Mode of Representation
FEDROVÁ, Stanislava
The submitted thesis focuses on the use of the traditional ancient genre of ekphrasis (a specific form of description of a work of visual artefact) in modern literature. Individual interpretative perspectives are demonstrated using selected works of Czech poetry and prose from the 19th, 20th and 21th centuries (by Jaroslav Vrchlický, Julius Zeyer, Jiří Karásek ze Lvovic, Alois Jirásek, Jaroslav Durych, Jaroslav Maria, František Langer, Bohumil Hrabal and Miloš Urban). The metodological focus primarily anchors the thesis in the theory of intermediality (Werner Wolf, Irina Rajewsky); concepts from art theory and visual studies are also applied (e.g. Norman Bryson?s distinction ?the gaze? ? ?the glance?). The thesis first outlines the context of the history of ekphrasis as a rhetorical category and as a genre, the existing research on ekphrasis, and the problems of defining ekphrasis as verbal representation of a visual representation. It considers the distinction between actual and notional ekphrasis (John Hollander) from the point of view of the literary theory, and also employs the category of the pictorial model (Tamar Yacobi). The next chapter examines the role of the beholder in ekphrasis, first from the point of view of his position in the fictional world (e.g. the observer is a character in a fictional world and at the same time projects himself into the ?fictional world? of the visual representation), and second in distinguishing the mode of description and the mode of interpretation. The thesis also defines some specific ekphrastic techniques and gestures, for example: How can the act of perceiving and observing a visual representation be realized in the structure of its verbal representation? How does a static description become dynamic through direct integration of ekphrasis into the structure of the narrative ? into the structure of a particular scene (microstructure of an action) or the plot as a whole (macrostructure of a story)? What are the roles and functions of ekphrastic passages in the framework of the text as a whole (ekphrasis need not be simply a pause in the narration which is easy to eliminate)? Finally, how can the verbal medium, using its own means, imitate or simulate the media-specific techniques of another type of art.
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Jehovah's Witnesses
Tůmová, Miluše ; Pargač, Jan (referee) ; Vrhel, František (referee)
The subject of my doktoral thesis is a study of a group of people, which has created an interesting phenomenon in modern and contemporary world, as well as in Czechoslovak and subsequently Czech history. The Religious Organisation of Jehova's Witnesses (later on ROJW) was founded in the USA at the end of 19th century and started its activities in the Czechoslovak Republic in 1907. Today is this religious group represented in 234 countries and is developing in a dynamic way thanks to its elaborated organisational structure. The aim of my work is not an apology nor accusation of the community of Jehova's Witnesses. From the perspective of a person with no affiliation to any religious doctrine, I am trying to obtain as objective view as possible of the origins, development, activities and specific characteristics of this organisation with special focus on the Czech Republic. Main body of my work is divided into two parts. The first part explains the origins and subsequent development of the ROJW. This part is divided into two chapters (chapter I concentrates on Jehova Witnesses' activities on international level and chapter II on its activities in the course of the Czech history) and is based on different information sources and literature. The second part focuses on main principles of religious doctrine and...
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Positon of the Clasis Fairy Tale in a Modern Theatre
Kratochvíl, Jindřich ; Tománek, Alois (advisor) ; Bažant, Jan (referee)
The work has got two parts - theoretical and empirical. The teoretical part contains chapters concerned with specification of the term Fairy tale itself. Furthermore it observes its position throughout the history and eventually in modern theatre. In additon, the work shows an important function of a fairy tale for theatre as well as human life.The empirical part involves authors experience from realization of a Fairy tale together with photos.
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Slope stability calculations for small dams
Hajda, Jindřich ; Hodák,, Jiří (referee) ; Říha, Jaromír (advisor)
There are approximately 20 000 small dams in the Czech Republic. This number entails many ponds or small flood attenuation reservoirs, which provide protection against floods. We do not know much about the structure and material properties of these earth dikes. Concerning the small dam stability the current technical standard ČSN 75 2410 focuses foremost on the angle of both the upstream and downstream slopes in case of different materials, and the method of the stability assessment in case of a dam height being 6m or more. Most of these earth dikes are still standing in spite not being built according to any technical standards. They do not follow any standards mostly because they were built before the modern technical standards were published. This diploma thesis focuses on assigning the degree of a reserve in the safety factor for studies of 5 homogeneous earth dikes and 3 inhomogeneous earth dikes. The calculation was done using the Plaxis 2D software using to the shear strength reduction method. The Calculation of the safety degree is made for 4 typical load cases.
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Coffee Trading on Commodity Markets
Kašička, Jan ; Málek, Jiří (advisor) ; Fičura, Milan (referee)
This thesis offers a comprehensive view of coffee trading on commodity markets. To describe the behavior of prices and their volatility, ARCH and GARCH models are used. These models analyse coffee prices of selected regions in Ethiopia, the birth place of coffee. The thesis connects the characteristics of soft commodity with current knowledge of financial econometrics. It also describes the effects of changes in exchange rates and oil prices on the price of coffee. Price volatility is examined with regard to deregulation and reforms on this market within the last three decades. Developments in the developing world caused a significant need for the progression and identification with the hedging instruments. These are closely linked to the globalized market with coffee, so it is conversely possible to absorb the shocks on small growers, who are significantly impacted by the globalized world.
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Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Health Care Facilities
Korbelová, Kristýna ; Váchová, Lucie (advisor) ; Zelená, Veronika (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to map out the possibilities of measuring the effectiveness of health care facilities and a practical example of the one found methods to use. In the introduction there are explained the terms efficiency and effectiveness. The next section describes the specifics of health care facilities in terms of their performance and the economy. Options of measuring efficiency in health care are identified mainly through literature. Detailed view of a practical part is dedicated to the modern method of measuring the effectiveness the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). In the practical part using the chosen tools is evaluated the effectiveness of a sample of hospitals. The conclusion summarizes the possibilities of measuring the effectiveness and assesses the benefits of using DEA.
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Meta-Analysis in Economics: Application to Measuring the Euro's Trade Effect
Polák, Petr ; Havránek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Havránková, Zuzana (referee)
Meta-analysis is a very strong and effective tool designed for the synthesis of results of empirical research. It provides a possibility to make reliable conclusions and offers more systematic and unbiased view at empirical studies than do narrative reviews. This thesis begins with description of meta-analysis from the theoretical point of view and, therefore, is the first Czech-written methodology of modern meta-analysis suitable for economics. This part is followed by an applied meta-analysis that investigates the euro effect on common trade exchange, and the analysis is focused on publication bias and the use of the multilevel random effects model. The empirical part is based on 2580 estimates gathered from 33 studies that investigate the relationship between euro and trade volume. The meta-analysis reveals the presence of publication bias, confirms the economic research cycle hypothesis and estimates, according to the available literature, that the true Rose effect lies probably between 2 and 6 percent.
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Economic aspects of health in modern society
Mertl, Jan ; Krebs, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Slaný, Antonín (referee)
Předmětem zkoumání jsou specifika zdravotní péče jako ekonomické kategorie, zdraví a jeho determinanty, význam a postavení zdravotnictví v moderní společnosti, ekonomické a institucionální charakteristiky tří odlišných zdravotnických systémů (Německo, Spojené státy americké, Velká Británie) a zejména vývoj a perspektivy českého zdravotnictví. Cílem práce je analyzovat ekonomické aspekty zdravotnictví v moderní společnosti v kontextu historie a současnosti zdravotnických systémů a zhodnotit relevantní implikace pro české zdravotnictví. Práce vychází z vlastností zdravotní péče jako ekonomického statku, konceptu investic do zdraví a významu zdraví pro lidský kapitál. Diskutuje rizika a příležitosti rostoucí potřeby a spotřeby zdravotní péče vyplývající z ekonomického rozvoje, stavu determinantů zdraví a změn v chování lidí, které sebou přináší rychlý vývoj současného světa. Přibližuje měnící se roli státu ve zdravotnictví a zkoumá otázky obecné dostupnosti zdravotní péče v moderní společnosti. Zabývá se vymezením vazeb ekonomických aspektů zdravotnictví ve vztahu k souvisejícím medicínským, etickým, sociálním a institucionálním aspektům, jež zpětně determinují prostředí a podmínky pro racionální rozhodování a jednání aktérů zdravotnického systému. Identifikuje a srovnává významné ekonomické a institucionální charakteristiky zdravotnických systémů v rámci zvolené typologie, včetně zhodnocení problematiky jejich konvergence. Ukazuje logiku jejich vnitřního fungování a příčiny jejich typických problémů (čekací seznamy, deficity, nerealizovaná péče). Zjištěné poznatky jsou využity v diskusi o perspektivách českého zdravotnictví a vyúsťují v analýzu možností využití ekonomických nástrojů se zaměřením na implementaci spoluúčasti pacientů a na další rozvoj pluralitního prostředí zdravotních pojišťoven (variabilní sazba zdravotního pojištění a stropy pro spoluúčast).
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Cropping management influence on epigeic arthropods´ biodiversity
Michalčíková, Lenka ; Barták, Miroslav (advisor)
Soil biota is critical for many functions Agro Ecosystems, provides various ecosystem services. Has an impact on the water regime of soil, detoxify contaminants like. These processes (and organisms that control) determines plant growth and thus maintain long-term productivity of ecosystems Agro. Soil also hosts many invertebrate herbivores, microbial pathogens and rhizosphere organisms that have a direct impact on the growth of crops. Modi fi cation of vegetation and soil themselves agricultural activities affect soil biota, which has retroactive effect on plant growth and nutrient turnover. Indirect influence of soil biota in agriculture lies in the manipulation of plant cover, which affects the quality and quantity of organic inputs to the soil (Bartak, 2002). Just as property of the soil by soil organisms, employee participation, and vice versa soil organisms react sensitively to any changes of soil environment (Barrios, 2007).
This view of individual species allows us to analyze the composition of Agro biota. For many systematic groups agrobiocenóza formed predominantly species of group 2, thus representing a degradation stage agrobiocenóza original cenózy in other taxa in turn is substantially represented group 3. Specific agrobiocenózy composition also depends on the type of culture and forms management (Barták 2002).
Traditional technology tillage. Basic tillage involves plowing, plowing, and their treatment, deepening topsoil, undermining and deep soil loosening. Tillage to regulate the conditions for plant growth and development. Further modifying the physical state of the ground, regulates the ratio between water and air in the soil, acts on the activity of microorganisms and invertebrates; tillage accelerates mineralization of organic substances affects Humicola fi cation processes in the soil. The level of tillage is strongly reflected in the development of plants during all vegetation (Faměra, 1993). According Suškeviče (1997) is essential in conventional agriculture obdělávacím surgery and one of the most important measures agrotechnical plowing. Minimizing tillage systems Reducing tillage intensity, ie. Minimization system and direct the mean substantial benefits for soil fertility. The intensity of tillage has a big impact on her fertility and maturity. Such as soil fertility is understood its long-term ability to procreate, while the maturity of the soil is a measure of soil structure supporting the right fertility. The key indicators of soil fertility are the aggregation of soil particles (density, clay and humus complexes), porosity and water content and soil nutrients. The high humus content, high biological activity and low erosion are the determining factors behind the high fertility of the soil. Minimization and soil conservation systems, these factors promote (Köller and Linke, 2006).
Many previous studies comparing the biodiversity of farmland under different management systems. These studies cover a wide range of taxa. Hole et al. (2005) 76 worthy of such studies. Regarding cultivation practices, there is work comparing biodiversity much less. For example Schier (2006) considers the soil conservation tillage of the soil behind friendly environment which is favorable for arthropods, particularly insects.
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The Project of Income and Expense Amendment at a Contributory Organization
Novotná, Martina ; Štáfek, Pavel (advisor) ; Pavlína, Pavlína (referee)
This dissertation is aimed at the income and expense amendment at a contributory organization in Hradec Králové region.
In the theoretical part there are basic facts about contributory organizations, the founder, the foundation document, the dividing into main and by work or their budget. Following by the characterization of the incomes and selected expenses which can be often found
in a contributory organization accountancy. The last part brings a closer view
of conducting of accountancy in the selected accounting units including accounting documentary evidence and financial analysis. The last chapter shows theoretical possibilities of income and expense amendment at a contributory organization.
At the beginning of the working part there is shown the certain contributory organization Gymnázium Broumov (grammar school Broumov) following by the detailed analysis of its profits and selected costs. This part also describes the economization of the school individual funds and then the way of conducting of accountancy in this contributory organization. Other chapters of this dissertation pay attention to the financial analysis
of economization and factual project of income and expense amendment at the grammar school.
In the chapter 4.7 you can find the possibilities of the incomes increase. It is conected with the taking advantage of appropriation projects given by the organizer, the Ministry of Education or the EU, the closure of new agreements for lease of school not flat space or establishing of complementary educational activities. The expenses can be amended by lowering the power consumption thanks to the project EPC or using central purchase of power and some services within the framework of the HK region. The saving can be reached by correct utilization of substitute quota with the purchase of products and services or by optimum drawing of wage means.
The conclusion contains the evaluation of the amendment results. Thanks to the amendment the incomes are risen up to 750,000 Czech crowns more than 80% of it are the incomes from appropriation projects. It brings to school better study conditions for students, possibilities of further education for teachers or getting new teaching aids. The incomes from the lease of school not flat space have to be, according to the foundation document, used for repairs and maintenance of the school building at the same calendar year. The establishing of complementary educational activities is more both administratively and organizationaly demanding than possibilities of income amendment so it might be set up in Sept.2017. The Grammar School Broumov can get up to 300,000 Czech crowns a year thanks to the expense amendment. The saving made by lowering total power, service and material expenses can be used without any restrictions for example for purchase of new modern technology, interactive boards or for school environment innovation. The grammar school management can use the saving made by optimum drawing of wage means as a motivation for the teachers via bonuses or personal extra pays.
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