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Syngas Cleaning with Using Metal Catalysts
Baláš, Marek ; Noskievič, Pavel (referee) ; Kabát, Viktor (referee) ; Skála, Zdeněk (advisor)
Gasification of biomass is a one of the several technologies for energy production from biomass. Biomass is a promising renewable source of energy and is in a centre of attention of energy industry not only in the Czech Republic, but also in the EU and in the world. Gasification is a thermo chemical transformation of fuel with access of understoicheiometric amount of oxidizer which produces gas of low heating value. Its main combustible components are hydrogen, carbon dioxide and methane. Produced gas may be further used in power and heating plants. Besides combustible and neutral components, gas also contains pollutants such as sulphur compounds, chlorine compounds, ash and tar. It is tar which is considered to be the underbelly of gasification as it causes, along with ash, fouling in transport tracks and terminal equipment, and blocks direct application of gas. This dissertation thesis presents design of filter for elimination of tar from the gas generated in fluid gasification equipment. This work is closely related to current research at Energy Institute at Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at Brno University of Technology. First part deals with theoretical background of this issue. Biomass properties are mentioned in relation to gasification. Types of gasification equipment are described and principle of gasification including chemical reactions is given in detail. Special part is dedicated to pollutants in the gas, especially to production of tar and its properties, which is important for consequent work. Main focus is on possibilities of catalytic cleaning of gas from tar. Principle of tar decomposition is described and types and properties of catalysts are given. Part of the thesis tackles the issue of real operations and loss of efficiency of catalyst due to sulphur compounds, sintering and carbon fouling. Based on experience and analysis in the first part of the thesis, concept of elimination of tar from gas was laid out. In addition to that, method for measurement at Biofluid 100 experimental unit was outlined and filter for testing of industrial catalysts using metal was designed. Series of experiments were further conducted in order to find out efficiency of three opted catalysts for tar decomposition. Results of these experiments are described in detail and assessed in the conclusion of this thesis which also contains outline for economic assessment of method of gas cleaning using catalysts.
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Case studies quantifying property damage through no fault of the carrier after a car accident
Svozil, Milan
The injured party is entitled to compensation for the overall financial damage which has been caused due to accidental traffic accident. Škoda presents any loss of property. This is not only true for the damage (the amount by which the value of assets decreased), but also lost profits. The injured party must realize all the damage and property losses to him in a traffic accident occurred and must be quantified and demonstrated. These damages are liquidated liability insurance of motor vehicles participant who caused the accident. In most cases, the injured party seeks, and consequently they are satisfied only with compensation for damage to the vehicle, where appropriate, the costs of recovering and towing the vehicle to the nearest workshop. Further compensation, arising from accidental traffic accident has damaged usually required, although these damages are often many times higher. For a complete liquidation of such damages no unified methodology and for this reason there is a problem situations in their quantification. Problem situations that may occur in the quantification of property damage carriers are addressed in the paper by illustrative case studies and presents a complete procedure for quantifying the overall carrier of property damage that may occur as a result of total damage to the trailer and damage to cargo carried.
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Differentiation of adult stem cells into insulin-producing beta cells
Koblas, Tomáš ; Saudek, František (advisor) ; Grim, Miloš (referee) ; Štechová, Kateřina (referee)
Ph.D. Thesis abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by a metabolic disorder in which there is a low level or complete lack of the insulin. Diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) is caused by an autoimmune reaction leading to the destruction of the insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas. In consequence, low or non-existent insulin production leads to a complete dependence on exogenous insulin supplementation. DM1 causes serious long-term complications. Although strict control of blood sugar could prevent the onset and development of diabetic complications only 5% of diabetic patients are able to achieve such control. Hence it is evident that the current methods of treatment are neither sufficient to treat this disease, nor prevent late complications in most patients. The most promising therapeutic approach in the treatment of diabetes is the restoring of insulin production. One such method is the transplantation of insulin-producing tissue. However, a lack of available insulin- producing tissue limits such therapeutic approach. Therefore an alternative source of insulin producing cells have to be found to obtain a sufficient amount of safe and efficient insulin producing tissue. Pancreatic stem/progenitor cells could represent such an available alternative source. Despite the evidence...
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Selected components of violence from the view of caring staff
PŘIBYLOVÁ, Jana
The title of my thesis is `Selected features of violence from the point of view of medical staff{\crq}. Whereas in the past violence in medical care was more likely to occur abroad, at present is has a growing tendency even in our country. Violence is not only a physical attack but occurs more often in verbal form. The thesis is divided into a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part deals with explanation of the term aggression, types of aggression, personality of aggressor, aggressive patient and aggression management. The following part deals with interpersonal relationships in health care, relationships between a nurse and a patient, a nurse and another nurse, a nurse and a doctor. The term mobbing, its causes, aims and phases, are explained in the next part. Consequences of mobbing and defence against it are also mentioned. The objective of the thesis is to make a survey of frequency and types of attacks against medical staff by patients, nurses and an employer. Three hypotheses were set up which relate to given objectives. The first hypothesis assumes that probability of attack against medical worker varies depending on the workplace. The second hypothesis assumes that the most frequent type of violence is verbal abuse. The third hypothesis assumes that nurses are more threatened by mobbing than by bossing. The research set comprised of nurses and paramedics of Teaching hospital in Plzeň, Emergency medical service of the Plzeň region and the Centre of helicopter emergency medical service in Plzeň. The research was carried out by quantitative method, the questionnaire technique. The results were visualised using a pie chart and bar charts in MS Office Excel 2007. The objective of the thesis was accomplished. The research results confirmed the first hypothesis, i.e. that `probability of attack against medical worker varies depending on the workplace{\crq}. Differences between individual types of workplaces were proved, most attacks by patients occur in Anaesthesia-Resuscitation Department and Intensive Care Unit and by medical staff in Emergency medical service. The second hypothesis, i.e. `the most frequent type of violence is verbal abuse{\crq} was also confirmed because verbal abuse outnumbers physical attacks. The third hypothesis, i.e. that `nurses are more threatened by mobbing than by bossing{\crq} was also confirmed because the research results show that more problematic relationships are among individual medical staff than between medical staff and their superiors. All three hypotheses were confirmed and proved that violence in medical care does occur and that it occurs in considerable amount.
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Getting cardiovascular diseases by owing car?
Sojka, Jan ; Houdek, Petr (advisor) ; Brožová, Dagmar (referee)
The thesis analyzes the relationship between the growth of automobilism and cardiovascular mortality using data from the 18 European countries from 1997-2003. It describes basic factors of prevalence cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and econometric analysis which was made by using Arellano-Bond model. The analysis confirms positive relationship between the amount of pasager-kilometres and cardiovascular mortality. Further it confirms negative relationship between the dependent variable CVD mortality and amount of bypasses, the GDP growth, education and coffee consumption. Among the explanatory variables marriage, smoking and dependent variable was found the positive relationship. Reverse causality was discussed consequently after using The Granger causality tests. The estimated results were used to discuss the recommendation for government policy.
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The impact saturation feed ration of vitamine C on weight, health and reproduction on a selected brand of animals
TEJML, Petr
The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of vitamine C on weight, health and reproduction on a selected brand of rodents. The model animal was selected the guinea pig (Cavia aperea v. porcellus) whose sensitivity on the lack of vitamine C in food is well known. The guinea pig is not able to create vitamine C in its body like the man and its only possible posuply is in food. Vitamine C is characterised by a wide range of effect and its lack in the organism causes considerable ailments. The guinea pigs in the investigated breed were divided into several groups of similar constitution. Four groups were provided food containing added vitamin C, other four groups depended only on vitamin C present in food available in the season. The monitoring was carried out in 2005 and 2007. The weight of the guinea pigs was checked out every three days. The weigh, health and reproductive indexes were monitored during the whole experiment. According to the acquired results it is possible to affirm the importance of vitamin C in the life of guinea pigs. Guinea pigs that are not able to synthesise vitamine C by themselves are fully dependent on its supply in food. Consequently, in case of an insufficient amount of vitamine C in the food ration of a guinea pig is essential its subsequent addition. There are not many pieces of knowledge and written technical sources dealing with the breed of the guinea pig, therefore this study might represent an asset to the breeders and research.
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Greek debt crisis: Olympic games as an accelerator?
Tůma, Jan ; Mičúch, Marek (advisor) ; Kovanda, Lukáš (referee)
The paper investigates the impact of macroeconomic aggregates in Greece on ability to sustain debt repayment for the years from 1981 to 2009. Theoretical framework is mapping a development of macroeconomic indicators in Greece during last 30 years emphasizing the indirect consequences of fast-growing public debt. The results in empirical part show a positive and significant impact in government's budget deficit and orientation of governing party on the debt repayment. The amount of investments put into organizing Olympic Games in Athens 2004 have not had consequently shown negative effect on public debt accumulation. Some flaws and limitations of analysis are discussed.
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Determination of semimetals in selected food samples
Gállová, Eva ; Vitoulová, Eva (referee) ; Diviš, Pavel (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with an optimization technique for the determination of semimetals in selected samples of food, which consists of sample digestion, preconcentration and detection of the elements. Preconcentration is usually chosen because these elements are contained in foods only in trace amounts, which are undetectable for some techniques. This work also made characteristics of semimetals, in terms of their functions in the body, of the occurrence in food and the consequences for the organism on their surplus or shortage. The chosen technique of preconcentration in this work was the preconcentration of titanium dioxide. When optimizing the techniques, however, was unlike the results published in literature, obtained low yield of elements sorbed on titanium dioxide, therefore the samples were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry directly after their mineralization, wet digestion with low temperature. The results of this work indicate that the elements arsenic, boron and selenium are given technique detectable without preconcentration, whilst set germanium content in all samples failed, due to very low concentrations and therefore in these cases would be required preconcentration.
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Sol-gel synthesis of a LAS glass ceramics and influence of additives on a phase transformation and crystallization.
Kramerová, Nina ; Opravil, Tomáš (referee) ; Ptáček, Petr (advisor)
This work is focused on Li ceramics and glass-ceramics with low thermal expansion. Composition of these material is based on mineralogical composition of ?-spodumene – Li2O•Al2O3•4SiO2. Sol-gel route of preparation was used for preparation of the material. Sol-gel route is profitable because of production of high purity and controlled grain size powder. Lower sintering temperature, higher degree of homogeneity and shorter time of heat treatment in comparison with traditional approach belong among other advantages of sol-gel route of preparation. Influence of Li+ substitution for K+, which has similar atomic radius, is assessed in this work. These ions are localized in the interstitial position of spodumene structure and are able to maintain the charge balance. Li+ ions were substituted with K+ in the amount of 0; 0,5; 1; 2; 5 and 10 wt. % in view of Li+ weight. In the next step influence of adding mineralizer was specified in the material modified this way. The effect of adding mineralizer on phase transformation and heat treatment tendency was considered. K+ were added to the mixture in the form of potash. Due to this addition forming of orthoclase phase next to spodumene, eucryptit and SiO2 (ss) was detected. Decrease in melting temperature and ability of melt to crystallize were consequence of orthoclase forming. No crystallization appears, when more than 1 wt.% of K+ was added.
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Business Property - tax and accounting aspects
ANTOŇŮ, Ivona
In this Bachelor{\crq}s thesis I have examined the issue of business assets while focusing on the aspects of taxation and book-keeping. The objective of this work is an analysis of the limits of business assets in accordance with valid Czech legislations and the application of book-keeping and taxation consequences in practical terms of changes in business assets. The theoretic section characterizes business assets in terms of physical and legal entities, the company{\crq}s proprietary structure, which is dividend up according to valid account curricula for entrepreneurs that keep accounts. I have also included a preview of the question of asset assessment as well as limiting the methods of acquiring and liquidating tangible and intangible long-term assets and describing what the term joint property of spouses means pursuant to the Civil Code. I have also focused on the question of changes in business assets {--} in specific terms the methods of transferring business practices from a physical entity to a legal entity, the methods of transforming the company by division, the execution of a decision inflicting company share in a company and cooperative, and the termination of business practices of a physical entity. I provide information about taxation records and taxes designated by lump-sum amounts. In the practical section I develop the proprietary structure of a select legal entity and apply the results of the analysis of changes in business assets to this legal entity {--} the acquisition of long-term tangible assets, the sale of assets, and the depreciated price of assets in terms of the Income Tax Act. I also mention the question of acquiring tangible assets in the form of financial lease with the subsequent purchase of leased matters as a general opportunity of tax optimization, which is also applied to the select legal entity. I also mention the capital accession of a German company, which was selected by the legal entity mentioned above for the expansion and improvement of quality of offered services.
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