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Vliv hnojení na kvalitativní a kvantitativní charakteristiky polopřirozeného travního porostu
Šplíchal, Zdeněk
Topic of the thesis deals with the influence of fertilization on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of semi-natural grassland. The aim is to assess the effect of fertilization, timing of grass cutting (1st cutting, 2nd cutting, 3rd cutting) and a use of plants (double-cut, triple-cut) on organic nutrient content (crude protein, crude fibre, water soluable carbohydrate, digestibility of crude protein), ash plants, diversity of the species and yields of semi-natural grassland. Research was done in the years 2011 and 2012. Intensity of fertilization is graded as following: Not Fertilized, Fertilized 30P+60K, Fertilized 45N+PK, Fertilized 90N+PK, Fertilized 135N+PK and Fertilized 180N+PK. Semi-natural grass is based on a station in the area of Zdarske Vrchy. Lowest yields were assessed on unfertilized grassland and on the other hand the highest yields were assessed on the fertilized grassland 180N+PK. Major differences (P<0,05) in crude protein and digestible of crude protein were in between the cuttings during 2011 and 2012. Hill's diversity index showed higher values at triple-cut grassland. The highest values of fertilisation had the PK type of fertilisation. The fertilisation had some positive influence on (P<0,05) occurence of Alopecurus pratensis L., Poa pratensis L. in the grassland. The fertilisation subdued occurence of Ranunculus acris L., Carex spp., Anthoxanthum odoratum L. and other less nutricious species. The quotient of clover was increased (P<0,05) after the application of PK. However it was decreased (P<0,05) after the application of nitrogen.
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Snížení plnění celospolečenských funkcí lesa vlivem potenciálního působení přízemního ozonu v kontextu klimatické změny
Ostravská univerzita ; Výzkumný ústav lesního hospodářství a myslivosti, v.v.i., Jíloviště-Strnady ; Ústav systémové biologie a ekologie AV ČR, v.v.i., České Budějovice ; Ústav analytické chemie AV ČR, v.v.i., Brno ; Český hydrometeorologický ústav ; Ekotoxa Opava, s.r.o., Opava ; Krpeš, Václav ; Novotný, Radek ; Šrámek, Vít ; Cudlín, Pavel ; Maznová, Jana ; Horálek, Jan ; Hůnová, Iva ; Mikuška, Pavel ; Večeřa, Zbyněk ; Zapletal, Miloš
DÚ V01: Měření koncentrace ozonu, oxidu dusičitého a emisí biogenních prekurzorů ozonu ve čtyřech porostech smrku ztepilého (a buku lesního v lokalitě Načetín) a vyhodnocení podílu uvedených sloučenin na tvorbě ozonu - vertikální profily ozonu, oxidu dusičného a monoterpenů měřené pasivními vzorkovači, podíl oxidu dusičitého a monoterpenů an tvorbě ozonu, koncentrace oxidu dusičitého, ozonu a monoterpenů na sledovaných lokalitách . DÚ V02: Pomocí depozičního modelu zjistit hodnoty celkového a stomatálního depozičního toku ozonu do čtyř studovaných smrkových porostů Bílý Kříž, Lazy, Želivka a Švýcárna na základě naměřených hodnot imisních koncentrací ozonu a environmentálních charakteristik. DÚ V03: Vyhodnotit současný stav znalostí o působení ozonu a ostatních environmentálních charakteristik na fyziologické, anatomické, morfologické a produkční charakteristiky smrku ztepilého se zaměřením na vitalitu (zdravotní stav) a růstové charakteristiky stromů a ověření použitelnosti vybraných charakteristik ve čtyřech studovaných smrkových porostech. DÚ V04: Na základě modelování odhadnout depoziční tok ozonu do lesních ekosystémů ČR v přítomnosti i v podmínkách globální klimatické změny. DÚ V05: Na základě měření a modelování odhadnout expoziční index AOT40 v lesních ekosystémech. DÚ V06: Predikce budoucího stavu lesních ekosystémů v důsledku předpokládané změny klimatu podle aktualizovaného klimatického scénáře. Výstupy z globálních i regionálních klimatických modelů budou použity k hodnocení změn teplotního a srážkového režimu a jejich dopadu na změny vláhové bilance i k hodnocení prostorové změny stupně odolnostního potenciálu stanoviště.
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Microbiological quality of milk for cheese production
Korous, Jan ; Legarová, Veronika (advisor) ; Vladimír, Vladimír (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on microbiological quality of milk for cheese production. Besides that, it informs about the composition of milk and the processes in cheese production.
The composition of milk differs between animal species. Lactose is the main sugar of milk, with content about 4-8 %. The majority of fat found in milk is triacylglycerol type. Casein is the most important protein, which occurs in three fractions (alpha, beta a kappa). Milk also contains various minerals and vitamins. The most important mineral is calcium, which plays an important role in cheese production. The milk composition is a suitable environment for the growth of microorganisms (Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, etc.), that can contaminate raw milk. Despite this risk, the raw milk is commonly used for cheese production, because it gives the cheese better structure and taste compared with the treated milk. However, the majority of cheeses are manufactured from the treated milk. In most cases, the milk is treated by heat, especially by pasteurization and ultrahigh temperature. These procedures kill microorganisms in milk. In some cases, milk can be contaminated again after the treatment or by inactive spores that survived the treatment. They can become active under favourable conditions, for example during cheese making.
Cheeses can be divided into groups by several criteria (type of coagulation, water content or fat content in dry matter). Starting cultures are used during cheese making from treated milk. Thermophilic starting culture Lactobacillus casei is used for manufacturing of soft cheeses and cheeses with high-heated curd. Cheeses with holes are made by fermentation (Propionibacterium freudenreichii). Mesophilic bacteria Lactobacillus lactis are used for production of cheeses with low-heated curd. There are many other cultures used in cheese making. Another important process during a cheese making is coagulation. During this process, the milk fat is coagulated by enzymes (chymosin, pepsin). After the coagulation, the curd is cut and forms soft grains, which exude whey. The grains are often heated for the better whey secretion. Salt is used during the cheese production to slow the activity of microorganisms and enzymes and it also gives better taste to the final product. Cheese is then let to age, during this period of time, biochemical processes occur and unique characteristics of the cheese are gained.
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Analýza vztahů mezi makroekonomickými ukazateli a parametry charakterizujícími spotřebu obyvatelstva ČR
Kunzová, Veronika ; Fischer, Jakub (advisor) ; Sixta, Jaroslav (referee)
Cílem předložené diplomové práce byla analýza vztahu mezi vybranými složkami výdajů obyvatelstva a makroekonomickými ukazateli vývoje České republiky v letech 1999 až 2006. Z makroekonomických ukazatelů jsme svoji pozornost zaměřili na hrubý domácí produkt, inflaci, míru nezaměstnanosti, směnný kurs české koruny vůči americkému dolaru, státní dluh a vývoz. Některé z těchto charakteristik ekonomiky ČR jsme porovnali s odpovídajícími charakteristikami pěti členských zemí Evropské unie (Německa, Rakouska, Slovenska, Lucemburska, Velké Británie), Švýcarska a USA. Sledovanými mikroekonomickými ukazateli byly charakteristiky spotřeby obyvatelstva ? kromě celkové průměrné roční spotřeby na jednoho obyvatele jsme sledovali i některé její nejvýznamnější složky, tj. výdaje za potraviny a nealkoholické nápoje, na odívání a obuv, za bydlení, vodu, energii a paliva, náklady vynaložené na zdraví, dopravu, vzdělávání a na rekreaci a kulturu. Vzájemný vztah mezi uvedenými veličinami jsme hodnotili pomocí matematicko-statistických metod: v první etapě jsme pro sledovaný soubor dat určili regresní funkci, v druhé etapě jsme určili korelační koeficient jako druhou odmocninu z koeficientu determinace. Podle velikosti a znaménka korelačního koeficientu jsme pak posuzovali závislost mezi sledovanými veličinami. Výsledky dosažené v rámci této diplomové práce tvoří zdroj objektivních informací pro hlubší studium ekonomického vývoje naší země v letech 1999 až 2006.
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Marketing Communications and Efficiency of Marketing Communication of the Dance School Hes
Dolák, Martin ; Vávra, Oldřich (advisor) ; Taraba, Jan (referee)
The theoretical part of the thesis is dedicated to a review and an assessment of a communication mix and a marketing communication. There are described the particular components of the marketing mix, the attributes of the services marketing and the tools used for the marketing research. The practical part of the thesis is focused on analysis of a current state of the communication of TŠ Hes and its rival companies. The aim of the work is to reveal the weak spots of the marketing communication and subsequently to provide a solution through a realization of particular marketing actions. The main effort is dedicated to improve the ability to attract new clients. The conclusion provides an evaluation of the marketing interventions and additional suggestions for an improvement of the marketing communication of the TŠ Hes.
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Experimental design of asphalt mixtures
Němec, Jan ; Zajíček, Jan (referee) ; Varaus, Michal (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on an experimental design of low-noise asphalt mixtures. The theoretical part describes the problems of noise and methods for noise measurements. There are also specified the characteristics of various low-noise asphalt mixtures. The practical part addresses the experimental design of SMA 8 LA. Subsequently, the mixture is exposed to functional testing and the results are afterwards compared with the conventional type of stone mastix asphalt SMA 8 S. The second part is focused primarily on an experimental mixture design of a specific asphalt mixture type - coated macadam. There is especially solved the issue ofbinder drainage and the proportion of cracked grains during the compaction. The advantage of this mixture is the lower price demands cause by lower binder content and a smaller amount of fine aggregate. This mixture should be used as a base layer for low-loaded (traffic) roads. In the conclusion are thereafter evaluated the knowledge and the experience with the testing and designing of individual mixtures gained during the testing.
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Isolation and characterization of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase of Candida tropicalis
Jechová, Jana ; Stiborová, Marie (advisor) ; Martínková, Markéta (referee)
Candida tropicalis yeast is a microorganism that possesses high tolerance for phenol and strong phenol degrading activity. This yeast is capable of utilizing phenol as the sole source of carbon and energy without formation of any secondary waste product. Catechol-1,2- dioxygenase was isolated from cytosolic fraction of this yeast by the procedure consisting of chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose and gel permeation chromatography on Sephadex G- 100. The catechol-1,2-dioxygenase was purified to homogeneity. The enzyme activity was followed by HPLC (catechol consumption and/or cis,cis-muconic acid formation). The activity profiles at different temperatures showed temperature optimum of 30řC. Kinetic characterizations were studying in different values of pH. The values of Km and Vmax of 0,52 mM and 17,2 nM/min for consumption of catechol, respectively, and 0,34 mM and 12,6 nM/min for formation of cis,cis-muconic acid, respectively, were found at optimum pH of the reaction, pH 7,6.
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The position of the Supreme Court in the American political system and the significance of its decision-making for the political procedure in the USA.
Zástěra, Martin ; Pithart, Petr (advisor) ; Kysela, Jan (referee)
The thesis "Role of the U.S. Supreme Court in American system of government and the importance of Court's decisions for the political process in the United States of America" deals with the institutional role U.S. Supreme Court has in American system of government and puts emphasis on Court's decisions and their practical consequences on the politics in the United States. In history of the country the Court was an influential decision-making body on many occasions. Although shortly after the federation was established many intended to put the Court in position where weak powers given to it would not enable the institution to fully play its role of the guardian that keeps an eye on the constitutionality of adopted laws, at the beginning of the 19th century the Court found its place and became exactly what it was originally intended to be. Decision in Marbury v. Madison gained the Court the crucial power of judicial review. The power of judicial review completely changed the role of the institution that finally became the guardian of the Constitution. This thesis outlines the institutional position of the judicial branch and especially the position of the Supreme Court in American system of government. It also focuses on the political aspects of the nomination process of Supreme Court Justices and...
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The level of invasion by alien plants in the Ploučnice River basin
Šenová, Vendula ; Matějček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Romportl, Dušan (referee)
The level of invasion varies according to the habitat type. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the level of invasion in the basin of the Ploučnice River in North Bohemia. The values of the level of invasion were quantified for vegetation plots from the Czech National Phytosociological Database and for segments of riverbank vegetation which were mapped at own field research. Ten maps showing the level of invasion by alien plants were developed based on a quantitative assessment of the level of invasion of particular habitat types at different altitudes. The levels of invasion were measured as proportion of the species that are aliens and total cover of alien species, the same was done for archeophytes and neophytes separately. The other option to quantify the level of invasion was using levels of count of invasive neophytes in the riverbank vegetation. Within each habitat the level of invasion was related to altitude. If the relation was significant, the level of invasion in that habitat was extrapolated according to that relation to altitude. Mean levels of invasion were used for the habitats which the relation was non-significant for. The west, northeast and the central parts of the assessed basin were evaluated as the most invaded areas. It is caused by the occurrence of the most invaded...
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Development and maintenance of addictive behaviour in terms of psychoanalysis
Tomášková, Eva ; Hajný, Martin (referee) ; Kalina, Kamil (advisor)
In the area of addictive behaviour, psychoanalytic approaches are very often criticized or completely neglected. Nevertheless they could significantly contribute to the treatment of addictions, especially in its final stage. Their main contribution is in searching for origins and causes of the addiction. In the therapy they could help to reveal inner conflicts and traumas, and to facilitate their understanding and acceptance. The main aim of my thesis is to illustrate the contribution of psychoanalytic approaches in the treatment of addiction. Furthermore an effort is made to point out, that if the psychotherapy is enriched by psychoanalysis, and further criteria are fulfilled, the treatment can acquire a deeper meaning, and the probability of its efficiency increases. The thesis is divided into theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part presents an overview of psychoanalytical theories of the origin and development of addiction. It describes some features of the addicted people from the psychoanalytical point of view and the part is completed by necessary critical evaluation. The empirical part contains a case study of a woman who is addicted to alcohol. On her case I try to illustrate the psychoanalytical views of on the rise and development of addictive behaviour. Data are obtained from...
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