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Word-formation by ablaut vs. word-formation by suffixation in diachrony
Hejná, Michaela ; Klégr, Aleš (referee) ; Čermák, Jan (advisor)
The present bachelor thesis deals with word-formation by ablaut vs. word-formation by suffixation in diachrony, namely in Old and Middle English. The reason for choosing this theme lied in its general marginalization in grammar books, in which the reader finds detailed descriptions of the grammatical function of ablaut in Old and, to a lesser extent, also in Middle English. The aim of the thesis was to describe ablaut formations during these two stages of the language in a typological perspective. The analyses focus on introflectional features of the roots of the formations and show the decrease in various combinations of the individual realizations of the roots that display ablaut with inflectional (-a, -e, -o/-u; -) and purely derivational, agglutinative, suffixes (-lic; -full; -scip; -had; -d, -t, -). The thesis further focuses on whether the various realizations of the roots are connected with the selected suffixes also semantically, i.e. whether there exist formal and/or semantic correspondences in the combinations. The analyses themselves were preceded by determining morphologically related families on the basis of the Dictionary of Old English: A-F, the most recent and detailed dictionary of Old English, which covered entries under the letters A-F when our analyses were carried out. The same was done...
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Translation to Various Assembly Languages
Hranáč, Jan ; Goldefus, Filip (referee) ; Meduna, Alexandr (advisor)
The goal of this project is to create a compiler capable of compilation of the input language into various assemblers (by the choice of the user). This will be achieved by expandibility of the compilator by modules implementing the building of the source files of the concrete types of assembler. The compilator will serve as a generator of parts of assembler source codes to make the work of assembler programmer easier. The input language is derived from Pascal but is closer to assembler then canonical Pascal.
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Portfolio efficiency with continuous probability distribution of returns
Kozmík, Václav ; Dupačová, Jitka (referee) ; Kopa, Miloš (advisor)
Present work deals with the portfolio selection problem using mean-risk models. The main goal of this work is to investigate the convergence of approxi mate solutions using generated scenarios to the analytic solution and its sensitivity to chosen risk measure and probability distribution. The considered risk measures are: variance, VaR, cVaR, absolute deviation and semivariance. We present analytical solutions for all risk measures under the assumption of normal or Student distribution. For log-normal distribution, we use the approximate assumption that the sum of log-normal random variables has log-normal distribution. Optimization models for discrete scenarios are derived for all risk measures and compared with analytical solution. In case of approximate solution with scenarios, we repeat the procedure multiple times and present our own approach to nding the optimal solution using the cluster analysis. All optimization models are written in GAMS language. Testing and estimating are realized using an application developed in C++ language.
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Conception of youth in Czech in comparison with other european languages
Vašíčková, Andrea ; Chejnová, Pavla (referee) ; Janovec, Ladislav (advisor)
The present thesis derives information from three main sources which helped us analyse how native speakers of four European languages perceive, understand and evaluate youth. We used dictionaries, corpuses and a questionnaire research to study the meanings, metaphors, colours, images and emotions speakers connect with youth. According to the dictionaries, the prototypical bearers of youth are creatures and plants. The dictionaries of synonyms prove that the meaning of the word youth partially overlaps with the meaning of the word childhood, and thus, depending on the context, we can understand youth either as a hyperonym of childhood, or as its synonym. In all the four languages a prototypical young person has not come of age and there is a secondary meaning of the word youth as a state of the body and mind creating an illusion of a younger age. Czech phraseology shows that we speak about human youth using metaphors of birds' youth and unripe plants which gives our image of youth green colour. Czech proverbs characterise youth as a period of joy, growth, health, energy, mobility and learning on the one hand, and inexperience and unwiseness on the other hand. Some proverbs (a young idler, an old beggar or who so learnt young forgets not when he is old) exist in many languages, express general human wisdom...
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"Abomination" of the Service to Other Gods
Hurtová, Debora ; Čapek, Filip (referee) ; Prudký, Martin (advisor)
The main goal of the first part is to elaborate properly the term "abomination". In the beginning it focuses generally on this topic - which verb is the term derived from, where does the term appear and in what kind of meanings. Next it pays attention to the occurences and meanings of the term in individual parts of the Old Testament: firstly in the book of Deuteronomy, the particularly in chapter 13, in the deuteronomistic literature, in the Prophets and till the end in the Proverbs. Second part is orientated on exegesis of chapter 13. The thesis proceeds clasical exegetical way of doing exegesis. The exegesis starts with own translation of chapter 13, working on a critical apparatus and lection. The thesis also contains a synopsis of the whole chapter and a language analysis of the text. Next parts of the exegesis contain a designation of the litarary form and a designation of the kind of the text. Categorization of the text into the historical, literary and canonical kontext and the description of the functions of this chapter in a wider literary context follows. After that the exegesis of component verses and gaining from the commentaries comes. Yet in the final part the comparism of chapter 17 and chapter 13 is compiled. The whole thesis closes up with the conclusion in which the results of the...
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Clause analysis in Czech conmplex sentences
Krůza, Oldřich ; Lopatková, Markéta (referee) ; Kuboň, Vladislav (advisor)
This Master thesis deals with identification of clauses in Czech morphologically annotated sentences and finding the inter-clausal relations. The task is approached as a machine-learning problem. An annotation scheme for clauses in Czech text is presented alongside with a method for deriving clause-annotated data from the analytical layer of Functional Generative Description coded in the Prague Markup Language. The gathered data are used for training and evaluating a system of automated identification of clauses and their relations. A method of evaluation of the result is suggested and separate software applications created during the development are presented.
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Variants of translation of German compounds into Czech (illustrated with translation of economic texts)
VONÁŠKOVÁ, Jiřina
There are lot of variants how to translate German compounds into Czech. The reason is that in German the composition takes the most important place among the word-forming pattern. In Czech the main word-forming pattern is the derivation. This is the reason, why it is not possible to translate German compound into Czech by using the compound. The aim of the work is to create the summary of variants on the basis of analysis of economic texts. The texts are professional, so it is not possible to omit the terms, because the terms are the main charakterisctic of technical language.
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Negative Prefixes in the present-day French
ŠTĚPÁNKOVÁ, Lucie
The aim of this work is to describe, with use of specialised literature, the characteristics of negative prefixes in present-day French. Then we will observe the correctness of observing the rules of application of these prefixes and study the frequency of their use. For this research, we will employ the methods of frequency and corpus analysis. This work is divided into two main parts and both contain several subchapters. In the theoretical part, we will explain the terms connected to language and word-formation in general, then we will focus on derivation and prefixes. On the basis of the Le Petit Robert dictionary and the other specialised literature, we will define the negative prefixes and describe their rules of usage. The following practical part will deal with corpus analysis of these prefixes.
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Formation and use of agentiv nouns in contemporary czech and polish language
Plasová, Anna ; Rusin Dybalska, Renata (advisor) ; Benešová, Michala (referee)
This thesis focusses on the issue of feminine gender agentive nouns formation and use in contemporary Polish, with respect to analogical phenomena in Czech. The theoretical part of the thesis sketches the form and the manner of derivation of the feminine counterparts of agentive nouns, subsequently analysing their socio- political implications (the opposition between masculine and feminine gender, various views concerning the asymmetry in their usage). In contemporary Polish, two antagonistic trends can be delineated, one tabooing and blocking the derived forms, the other, on the contrary, upholding and promoting them. In general, feminine forms are widely used for designations of jobs with lower social prestige; conversely, with respect to professions and honorifics viewed as prestigious, feminization is sparse, and, outside the feminist coterie, viewed as unnatural, inappropriate, even belittling. There are also quite a few nouns that undergo derivation only selectively. This state of affairs is evaluated as substantially different from that in Czech, a language in which feminization is common and normally unmarked. The practical part contains a research carried out on a corpus of texts from the Polish daily newspaper Gazeta Wyborcza from 2006; 18 problematic feminine gender agentive nouns were...
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Appreciatve suffixation in spanish and strategy of its translation
ŠINDELÁŘOVÁ, Kateřina
The bachelor thesis describes possible translations of some diminutives and augmentatives and compares the frequency of the use of these translations on the basis of their occurance in The Czech national corpus. There are theoretically explained the ways of enriching vocabulary, yet the biggest part is dedicated to appreciative suffixation in czech and spanish language, to ways of formation of diminutives and augmentatives and the strategy of their translations. In every chapter there are mentioned the most common czech and spanish apreciative suffixes and also the description of modifications of the derived words. There are also available graphs which show the frequency of the use of different translations which appear in corpus.
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