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Epidemiological aspect of pertussis in the Czech Republic
Fabiánová, Kateřina ; Kříž, Bohumír (advisor) ; Pazdiora, Petr (referee) ; Smetana, Jan (referee)
The aim was to document the trend in pertussis in the Czech Republic (CR) with regard to the infant population under one year of age, which is at highest risk for pertussis. Another point was to answer two questions: 1) whether the recent rise in pertussis cases in the CR is caused by new lineages of B. pertussis, against which the available vaccines are not effective, and 2) whether the circulating strains of B. pertussis are susceptible to antibiotics of choice. Data on pertussis cases were derived from the surveillance programme. Two hundred and sixty-five children under one year of age with laboratory confirmed pertussis, diagnosed between 1997 and 2013, were included in the study. B. pertussis isolates obtained within the surveillance of pertussis were examined by molecular biological methods - MAST (multiantigen sequence typing), MLVA (multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis), and MLST (multilocus sequence typing). B. pertussis strains isolated from patients between 1967 and 2010 were tested for susceptibility to first-line antibiotics for the treatment of pertussis. The analysis of the epidemiological situation confirmed an upward trend in pertussis in the CR since the 1990s in all age categories, including children under one year of age. Nearly 77 % of children acquired pertussis...
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"On the land". The original inhabitants of the north from the point of view of ecological anthropology
Boukal, Tomáš ; Kašpar, Oldřich (advisor) ; Maiello, Giuseppe (referee) ; Pargač, Jan (referee)
Work is concerned with possibility of the application of ethnology and landscape ecology methods in protection of the ethno-ecological landscape stability and landscape planning in the area of northwest Siberia. Valuable experiences were acquired from mapping in region northern Canada and on the basis of author's research in three northern regions (Sverdlovsk region, Jamalo-Nenets autonomous region, Russia and NWT, Canada). These regions are inhabited by original population in conditions of landscape balance threatened by outer factor. These conditions require to design feasible method of landscape ethno-ecological mapping and planning for region of the north-western Siberia.
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Perception of sport in persons with walking disability
JELÍNKOVÁ, Lucie
This bachelor work focuses on sport activities of physically handicapped part of population. The choice of this theme is narrowly connected with my job, where I work with disabled people on everyday bases and I try to return them into active life by physical exercising. Sport is recommended to those who are physically stronger as a medical treatment and I can see that this activity can make these people smile despite the difficult situation they are facing. In the introduction there is briefly compared past and present attitude to sport activities of physically disabled people. Whole work is divided into a theory part and research part. The theory part is divided into 4 chapters. The first charter explains the general term of disability, about disability from the health and social point of view. It is also about causes and different kinds of these disabilities and the possible tools of compensation. The first charter explains the general term of disability, about disability from the health and social point of view. It is also about causes and different kinds of these disabilities and the possible tools of compensation. The second chapter is focused on disabled children and sport activities for this age group. First 3 years of life are the most important for development of movement; it is especially focused on infants and toddlers. The third charter pays attention to received disabilities in adulthood. I point out what it means for these people and what it is about in this age. I mention organizations where those can attend sport activities to improve their health condition. The fourth charter is about sport. It briefly describes development of sport, what it means to people and what it brings. I divide sport activities of handicapped population to rehabilitation, free time and Professional. There is also described how it began in The Czech Republic and abroad. In the final I mention some kinds of organizations in The Czech Republic that provide sport activities for physically disabled people and specify what activities they offer. The research part is focused on qualitative research, which was done by narrative interview with 6 respondents. The aim was to find the key factors that influenced lives of physically disabled people in the connection with sport. The research is focused on the difference of attitude those who are disabled since childhood and those who became disabled in adulthood. The research is focused on the difference of attitude those who are disabled since childhood and those who became disabled in adulthood. I tried to select those respondents who differ a lot. I made analyze of narrative interview and sports which were those respondents interested in, or sports they would like to take up in the future. Five categories were made during this analysis, which I called: Attitude to sport, Why to sport, Negatives, Beginnings of sport, Family. The research has shown that they are several factors that influence the attitude of people to sport. I found out that there is different attitude to sports of those who are disabled since young age and those who became disabled as adults.
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Alcohol - the attitudes and experiences of students of the First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague
Burešová, Zdeňka ; Vacek, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Šťastná, Lenka (referee)
Objectives: The work is focused on finding out the extent of experienc e with alcohol among medical students. Methods: The results are based on information obtained through a structured anonymous questionnaire. 812 students from First Medical Faculty of Charles University in Prague. Results: It was found that women generally achieve more favorable results in the CAGE test, which is considered to achieve a higher score than 2 ( significant indicator of problem drinking). Better results achieved in the same test medeical and dental students in comparison with other medical disciplines. Students of Medicine, drink in the second half of their studies, more than at the beginning. A fifth of students have sometimes had problems with alcohol - according to the CAGE test results. Conclusions: The medical students have many experiences with alcohol. Every fifth student was even more serious alcohol problem. Despite of this medical students achieve more favorable results as compared to other faculties as well as the general population.
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Quality of life in children with retinopathy
Stejskalová, Kateřina
This work is drafted with the needs of current theory and practice of special education for visually impaired persons. The basic ideological pillar is a subjective evaluation of the impact of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) on the quality of life of individuals with emphasis on the pediatric population. The central aim of this work is based on longitudinal qualitatively oriented research to extend the theoretical basis of special education for visually impaired persons, that has not reflect the issue of quality of life of persons with ROP yet. Another aim is to open up space for applied research. Scientific phenomenon to assess the quality of life is in the sphere of interest of many scientific disciplines, focused on the broadest sense of human. Currently, emphasis is laid mainly to subjective assessment of quality of life of specific client group in order to ensure adequate level of support and optimization of complex scale intervention. In this context was created a concept of evaluation of the quality of life in children's population with ROP, which is currently a main cause of childhood blindness in developed and moderately developed countries. The knowledge gained should be ideally reflected at several levels - at the theoretical level to enrich the theoretical bases of special education for...
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Golf as an alternative use of leisure time for seniors with focus on South Bohemian Region
ČERMÁKOVÁ, Lucie
In the theoretical part of this work I deal with old age, aging process and impact of physical activities on seniors´ health. Furthermore this part focuses on the history of golf and positive effects of playing golf not only on physical but also mental health. The practical part is focused on obtaining information from seniors having senior status by the statutes of Czech Senior Golf Association. The research analyzes current status and expansion of golf among senior population. The research proceeded in South Bohemian region. Consultation with representatives of the South Bohemian golf clubs on the issue of seniors´ members and their active involvement is part of this research. Results of survey indicate a great interest in the elderly but low general awareness of possibilities of playing golf. 81.3% of surveyed seniors considers golf as an appropriate alternative of outdoor leisure activities. 50% of respondents perceive golf as a possible improvement of physical condition and 45.3% of respondents suppose that it promotes overall health. But, beyond 90.6% of respondents believe that golf is an expensive sport and 14% of respondents feared condemnation by others because golf is considered to be a game only for the wealthy. Based on information obtained from the questionnaire and from interview with representatives of the South Bohemian golf clubs on the issue of surviving myths is golf an appropriate alternative of leisure activities for seniors.
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Personnel-psychological diagnostics of golden profiler of personality
Sněhotová, Jiřina ; Šípek, Jiří (referee) ; Wagnerová, Irena (advisor)
The presented diploma thesis offers possibilities and limits of using the Golden Profiler of Personality (GPOP) in the context of personnel psychology. Attention is devoted to general methodological principles of psychological assessments, their contribution to personnel practice focusing on recruitment process and the discussion about increasing efficiency of selection process less mentally demanding and responsible positions. The theoretical part is mainly dedicated to the method GPOP, which in its core is based on the Jung's theory of psychological types, which has stimulated development of the questionnaire MBTI (Myers-Briggs Type Indicator), and the Five-factor personality theory. Combining two completely different approaches it comes into being an assessment able to interpret on the one side, the uniqueness of personality, and on the second side its resemblance to a certain type. In the practical part, the psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire completed by 524 selected respondents are analyzed and evaluated. Reliability of the global scales is estimated of Cronbach`s alpha interval 0.8 to 0.9. Correlation analysis and exploratory factor analysis clearly support the expected construct of GPOP. The norms are compiled for a specific population, and the presented notifications attend on...
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The experience of children with diagnosis and control of pain during hospitalization on children's wards
ZELLEROVÁ, Kateřina
The diploma thesis entitled "Experience of children in assessment and treatment of pain in hospitalization at children's departments" deals with the topic of children's pain and its treatment. The issue is the main topic of the theoretical and practical part of the thesis and both of them focus on children at their pre-school and school age. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the current state of the issue, the psychology of a child at the pre-school and school age and also pain as such and its specifics in children. It is obvious that pain of a child is different not only in diagnostics and treatment. A child reacts differently also in experiencing pain, and also fables are often among people regarding pain that persist even these days. It is important to realize that a child is not a smaller adult, and that is why care for a child must be different. At the same time a child has to be taken as an integral human being who experiences pain and it always has to be assessed objectively according to scales and other objective methods selected according to the child's age. In this area, a big problem can be fables about children's pain that persist even in the current population. The research part of the thesis is aimed at interviews with children hospitalized at children's departments regarding their pain and also interviews with nurses. It compares information obtained from both groups of respondents and it looks for answers to questions of experiencing pain by a child, assessment by a nurse and treatment. It is apparent from the results of the research that children perceived differences in assessment and treatment of pain at home and in hospital, particularly in the change of the person that have to approach, and also in using non-pharmacological methods that are used more by mothers at home. This regards frequency and the way of pain assessment; children are not aware of regularity of assessment, they do not know the scales that the nurses mentioned as those that are used most often. Treatment of pain in hospitals is mostly pharmacological. But children do not always get the information about effect of a drug when it is administered to them. At the same time this part of the thesis looks for the possibilities and the need to create a standard for assessment and treatment of pain in children as well as the most important parts that the standards should contain. In this connection, a draft of the standard for nursing care of a child in pain was created within the thesis which makes up an appendix hereof.
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Podmíněný Účinek Institucí na Hospodářský Růst: liší se systematicky úroveň institucí se stupněm hospodářského rozvoje?
Shvechikov, Ivan ; Klosová, Anna (advisor) ; Taušer, Josef (referee)
The institutional quality concept, advanced by academic literature as a mean to enhance output growth, suffer from the absence of a clear implementation strategy. Considering that developing countries usually lack resources to be able to afford large-scale universal institutional reforms, the lack of roadmap puts substantial obstacles to practical application of the given concept. This thesis therefore goes beyond the simple statement of institutional primacy and sets an objective to differentiate the institutional effects relative to the level of development. To test it empirically, fixed effects model is chosen and interaction terms between the measures of institutional quality and the share of middle class are employed. Obtained coefficients indicate that institutions promote economic growth only when middle class share exceeds 25%. At the same time, different aspects of institutional quality exhibit contradictory dynamics. The control of corruption becomes growth enhancing only when middle class constitutes over one third of the population, while the relevance of government effectiveness for economic growth on the contrary decreases with the enlargement of middle class. These findings confirm the presence of conditionality and deny the existence of universal recipe for institutional reforms. Implementation of better institutions based on context-specific approach would therefore bring greater results in terms of economic growth than the direct adoption of best-practice institutions, so intensively advanced by the World Bank and the IMF.
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Effect of incentive payments systems on waste sorting
Šimonová, Veronika ; Krbová, Jana (advisor) ; Pucandlová, Miroslava (referee)
The empiric research on which this bachelor thesis is based focused primarily on finding out whether financial incentive systems applied in the calculation of fees payable for the collection and disposal of municipal waste have any effect on the attitude of the Czech population to waste sorting. The theoretical part explains the basic concepts related to municipal waste services and their management, including the fees charged for these services by municipalities, and the methods of calculating the fees for the use of these services. The practical part contains an analysis of concrete systems of financial incentives, as may be used as the base for quantitative research conducted with the aid of a questionnaire. The answers obtained from respondents are used for substantiation and evaluation of predetermined research projects.
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