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Immunomodulators
Horká, Zuzana ; Štaud, František (advisor) ; Nachtigal, Petr (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology and Toxikology Candidate: Zuzana Horká Supervisor: Doc. PharmDr. František Štaud, Ph.D. Title of master thesis: Immunomodulators The master thesis focuses on modern approaches in the immunomodulatory therapy. The immune system is together with the nervous and endocrine system one of the basic regulating mechanisms of the human body. The main function of the immune system is to maintain its integrity. The disturbances of the immune reactions can lead to the development of various pathologies or diseases. In these cases a therapeutic effect on the immune system with appropriate drugs - immunomodulators is appropriate. These medicaments are capable of inhibiting or stimulating the immune reaction. Immunosuppressive pharmacotherapy is used to treat allergic and autoimmune diseases and in transplantation medicine. Immunosuppressants are a very large group of substances. They differ from each other by their chemical structure and mechanism of its action. Within the frame of immunosuppressives this work elaborates in detail the calcineurin inhibitors, mTOR inhibitors, fingolimod and the theme of monoclonal antibodies. The stimulation of the immune system through appropriate immunomodulator finds its application...
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Dramaturgy of the Czech National Theatre During the "Normalization" Era. Czechoslovak Plays During Seasons 1969/1970 - 1980/1981
Dominik, Šimon ; Vedral, Jan (advisor) ; Hančil, Jan (referee)
Presented Bachelor thesis Dramaturgy of the Czech National Theatre During the ?Normalization? Era. Czechoslovak Plays During Seasons 1969/1970 ? 1980/1981 focuses on the topic of Communist propaganda motifs in 11 Czechoslovak plays written after 1945, which were presented at the National Theatre during the specified period. The thesis analyses elements, which function as means of ideological effect, and searches both for their meaning and significance. It does not omit plays which had only been planned and had not reached the stage and suggests, that the administration of the theatre had wished to present more propaganda plays; however, low attendance of some of the staged plays and fear of inappropriate reactions of the audience left their plans unrealised. The chosen period is defined by the years, which the two main exponents of the Communist Party in the National Theatre spent in office, the first being its Director Přemysl Kočí (1969 ? 1978), the second the Artistic Director of the National Theatre Drama Václav Švorc (1973 ? 1981).
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Metallothioneins at Small Terrestrial Mammals as Bioindicator of Environmental Pollution
Křivská, D. ; Šestáková, Ivana
Animals living in the contaminated areas are exposed to elevated concentrations of risk elements. Příbramsko is one of most contaminated sites in Czech Republic. This area is loaded with sources of geological and metallurgical industry influence resulting in extremely high Pb, Cd, and Zn contents in soil. We analyzed eighteen subjects trapped on selected locations, belonging to the species Apodemus sylvaticus and Microtus arvalis. By differential pulse voltammetry and modified Brdička reaction, concentrations of metallothionein (MT) in their livers were measured. The influence of field sample treatment on resulting voltammetric record has been demonstrated. Differences of MT concentrations were found between species and among places of trapping.
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Analýza zátěže a zvuků na pracovišti
Kořínková, Monika
Technological progress have gradually affected all aspects of human life, and it hit also the forestry sector. Newly introduced methods and technologies have brought a reduction of onerous, increasing productivity and entirely new risks arising from the operation of innovative forestry techniques. This work deals with just one of a number of risks arising from work in the forest and it's subject is a noise that is inherent in the use of technology. Short and also a long term noise exposure negative effects the human body and it can cause irreversible damage or even death. This work is focused on the effect of exposure to noise in the cabin of a harvester with emphasis on the physiology and human psychology with regard to occupational safety and health. The thesis also analyzes the stress in the workplace, stress, emerging and potential physiological and mental reactions to it. The work results during physiological functions of the persons who attended the measuring apparatus using Biofeedback 2000 x-pert for exposure to two different acoustic stimuli. In this work, inter alia the results of a test of attention and self probands obtained by subjective scales, which refine the findings of their current state of mind before and after exposure to the selected sounds.
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May 1968 and its Impact on Charles de Gaulle's politics
Pokrupová, Michaela ; Perottino, Michel (advisor) ; Matějka, Ondřej (referee)
Bachelor thesis deals with problematic of May revolt in France in 1968 and its direct impacts on Charles de Gaulle's policy. Even though, in the premature legislative elections which had taken place a month later the Gaullist won significantly, the president himself resigned in less than a year later. Albeit it seems (and some authors understand the May 1968 in this way) that student's agitation was only marginal event of wild youths without any deeper impact, the reality is the opposite. This incident remains the greatest people's rebellion of the Fifth republic until nowadays which has shaken the position of General de Gaulle and put the country into chaos. The order had been re-established in few weeks, nevertheless the economic situation remained unstable for several months. In the beginning, the author presents the events of the May 1968. Afterwards, the post-May situation in France is presented while concentrating on the personality and reaction of Charles de Gaulle. Subsequently, the president's steps as in the field of domestic policy, so in the field of international policy are presented. The thesis culminates by the referendum of 1969 and de Gaulle's resignation. The analysis shows that even that Charles de Gaulle stayed on his post immediately after May events, his position has been...
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Selection and development of new educational materials for high school support webpage www.studiumchemie.cz
Brenner, David ; Šmejkal, Petr (advisor) ; Teplý, Pavel (referee)
This diploma thesis is focused on development and production of functional parts and new materials for the purpose of supporting educational website www.studiumchemie.cz on evaluation of its operation. The changes were made in graphical, structural and functional parts of website, which were designed based on the analysis of behavior of visitors to the website and by direct reaction of visitors. Changes were related to structure of database of chemical experiments or creating new features for registered users, such as evaluation of materials or personification of user profile. In cooperation with specialists have been incorporated several new materials, focusing on the issues of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In addition to that, two new games have been prepared - Chemical pentathlon and Identify molecules. New materials should be used to expand the portfolio of educational materials on the website. Furthermore, the administration interface has been created and designed to meet the needs of editorial contributors site without prior programming experience. Evaluation of the statistics associated with the operation of the site showed that web traffic continues to grow. The most visited parts of the site are database of educational materials and videos of chemical experiments. The current site traffic is...
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Effect of iron overload on the induction of apoptosis in mammalian cells
Kabíčková, Tereza ; Balušíková, Kamila (advisor) ; Klíma, Martin (referee)
Iron cations are an important metal ions required to number of essential cell functions. On the other hand, ferrous iron can be very toxic as well. When surplus iron is present in cells, it can catalyze the formation of reactive oxygen species (especially hydroxyl radicals) by Fenton reaction. Iron homeostasis is predominantly regulated by very strict mechanisms on the level of iron uptake into the body. Moreover, iron absorption, transport and storage within the body can be also regulated using complex mechanisms which differ on the level of individual cells and on the level of whole organism. Deregulation of iron homeostasis causing an iron overload and generation of reactive oxygen radicals can evoke serious cell damage leading up to apoptotic cell death. Excess iron storage and subsequent development of oxidative stress can affect lot of different tissues in the body. The organ damages such as fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, heart failure, loss of β cells and glucose intolerance or diabetes mellitus in patients with iron overload are very often seen. Nevertheless, the apoptosis induced by iron overload has not been well elucidated yet. There are no complex informations about the precise mechanism by which oxidative stress affects different cell types or whether there are other...
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Reinhard Heydrich and Final Solution of the Czech Question
Vrabcová, Klára ; Rataj, Jan (advisor) ; Martínek, Miloslav (referee)
The person of Reinhard Heydrich was one of those fateful to the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. The first chapter of this paper attempts to prove that Heydrich's impact on the "Czech Question" is much greater than the eight months he spent in office as Deputy Reich Protector. It analyses different approaches to the solution of the Czech Question in Nazi plans and particularly, towards the end of the chapter, Heydrich's tendency towards one of these plans -- the memorandum of Secretary of State K. H. Frank. This memorandum anticipated two things: the temporary preservation of the Protectorate, the assimilation of people of suitable race and disposition and the expatriation of people of unsatisfactory race and of those opposing German rule. This thesis also attempts to prove that although Reinhard Heydrich planned the solution of Czech Question as a long-term process, the fulfilment of which could be considered only after a succesful war, he started the first steps already during the war. Great attention is given not only to his racial survey of the population, but also to his policy concerning Protectorate youth, who were meant to be caught up and reeducated within the Curatorium for the Education of Youth in Bohemia and Moravia. To ensure calm and economic health throughout the Protectorate, he applied his carrot-and-stick policy on the population. The occupation policy required a combination of short-term and long-term goals and application of the former to ensure the consequent accomplishment of the latter. The final chapter lays bare the reaction of the Czechoslovak foreign resistance to the situation in the Protectorate -- the assassination of Reinhard Heydrich. This act was supposed to empower the Czech underground movement and improve the status of the exiled government among Allies. Even though this operation of the foreign resistance caused a torrent of arrests and executions within the Protectorate, its foremost effect was to draw the attention of the world and the Media and to excite Allied recognition for the Czech domestic resistance.
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An immunohistologic charakterisation of human prostate cancer.
Kotlabová, Kateřina ; Semecký, Vladimír (advisor) ; Louda, Miroslav (referee)
In the last three years prostatic carcinoma reachs the first place in the ledder of number of new reported tumour diseases in male population. Although in most cases it is a relatively well curable affection, the research of new methods and procedures in the prostatic carcinoma diagnostics is very intensive, because the main point of successful therapy is the disclosure of early ( curable ) stages of disease. This graduate work gives the integral summary of histological and immunohistochemical methods, which are possible to be used in the prostatic carcinoma diagnostics. Histological examination based on the apprasial of the cell shape and characteristic cell structures permits to pass a judgement over the presence or absence of tumour changes, which has a high diagnostic and prognostic value. In the cases where the classic histological analysis failed, the special immunohistochemical methods are used by the clinical workers. Immunohistochemistry is based on the reaction of specific antibody and antigen, which has a receptor, enzymatic or transcription factor function in the cell and its presence ( absence ) or the expression intensity is characteristic for malignant or benign tissue which is examined. The content of this work is primarily synoptic enumeration of using immunohistochemical markers...
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Lower extremities loading of the patients after total hip joint replacement during walking up the stairs
Jirásková, Lucie ; Němeček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Molnár, Petr (referee)
ANNOTATITON Author: Lucie Jirásková Department: Department of rehabilitation medicine University hospital Hradec Králové Title of the bachelor's thesis: Lower extremities loading of the patiens after total hip joint replacement during walking up the stairs Supervisor: Mgr. Ondřej Němeček Number of pages: 70 Number of attachments: 2 The year of presentation: 2012 Keywords: Lower extremities loading, total hip joint replacement, walking up the stairs, reaction force, force platform Bachelor's work explores the loading of operated lower extremity with patients after total hip joint replacement during walking up the stairs. It adverts to connections following from kinesiology of joints of lower extremity, bipedal locomotion, total hip joint replacement and use of supporting - locomotive aids with loading of lower extremities. It describes the function and use of force platform - one of the possibilities, with which we can measure the loading of lower extremities. A part of this work is evaluation of the results of values of reaction force, vertically influencing the lower extremities, which demonstrate a real loading. The patients after TEP of the hip joint burden the operated lower extremity with this loading, when they walk the stairs.
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