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The problemacy of domestic violence
Pelčáková, Hana ; Arnoldová, Anna (advisor) ; Ondrušová, Jiřina (referee)
The diploma thesis "Problemacy of domestic violence" deals with a serious social problem of nowadays. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. In theory there is definition of domestic violence, description of its specific attributes, kinds and occurence and it outlines the main theories of its causes. It is focused on intimate violence between partners, its myths and it explores a perpetrator and victim characteristics. Children as witnesses of intimate partner violence are noticed. Then explores how domestic violence is reflected in legal context and brings information about aid from uninitiated and prevention. Practical part analyzes questionnaire concerns attitude to domestic violence and it summarizes results in evaluation.
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Software support for accessibility of applications for blind and visually impaired users
Ficek, Michal ; Holan, Tomáš (referee) ; Kryl, Rudolf (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to map contemporary state of the art of accessibility in software applications and to present a practical implementation of accessibility testing tool. The work species accessible software concept: design and implementation steps which aect the accessibility of an application in terms of cooperation with accessible technology for blind and visually impaired users. The thesis studies and presents contemporary accessibility methods with focus on accessibility API. It introduces the taxonomy, description and a comparison between the most commonly used screen-readers and an overview of available accessibility testing tools. A part of this work is also a practical implementation of accessibility testing tool called JAWS Accessibility Explorer. Unique approach to software testing used in this tool is based on screen-reader JAWS application for automated probing of tested program and subsequent accessibility validation.
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Supervision over the financial market
Škapa, Václav ; Dřevínek, Karel (referee) ; Kotáb, Petr (advisor)
Financial Market Supervision Significance of financial market as a part of modern economy is undisputable. Financial market serves as mediator of important economic procedures. Its specific character constitutes a need of unusual approach in its regulation and supervision. In general, regulation is goal-directed effort to construct consistent framework of rules, which moderates behavior of regulated entities. Supervision is continuous inspection of such behavior and penalizing infringements of defined rules. This paper's intention is to contribute to debate on purposes, means and extend of execution of financial market's regulation in Czech Republic. Nature of financial market, especially its progress dynamic, makes this intention difficult to fill. Every specific financial market requires unique solution of regulation framework's construction. Nevertheless similar trends can be recognized on them. This partial conformity enable to create several types of regulatory framework, which can be applied to number of markets. Law is a basic instrument of financial market's regulation. Economic nature of financial market necessitates consistent comparison of legal acts' interpretation with market's true needs. Flexibility of regulation framework is crucial factor of its efficiency. Its system should be able to...
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Optical microscopy to study the role of cytoskeleton in cell locomotion and virus trafficking
Difato, Francesco ; Forstová, Jitka (advisor) ; Hozák, Pavel (referee) ; Plášek, Jaromír (referee)
3. General conclusions 150 The interest in optical microscopy is constanly growing, mainly because of its unique features in examining biological systems in four dimensions (x-y-z-t)1 . The work presented here was focused on biological applications of optical microscopy by exploring and improving the spatial and temporal resolution performances and by futher developing optical tools for manipulating biological samples. First, I studied the resolution performances of the system in the three dimensional space and I contributed in improving the experimental spatial resolution of microscope by applying deconvolution. In this respect, theoretical modelling can characterize the image formation process of the microscope, but only experimental measurement of the PSF can quantify the limitations of the real system. Indeed, experimental PSF presents shape assymetry due to spherical aberrations introduced by optical elements, while theoretical PSF is symmetric and account only for the resolution limits of an ideal imaging system. The disadvantage of experimental PSF is that could be corrupted by noise, otherwise deconvolution with the theoretical PSF offer only a qualitative improvement of the image, because the introduced artefacts cannot be quantified. Deconvolution of the acquired data with experimental PSF...
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Expression of interpropositional relationships in the translation of bilateral international treaties
Novotná, Marcela ; Králová, Jana (advisor) ; Uličný, Miloslav (referee)
This extended essay deals with the theme of expression of interpropositional relationships in the translation of bilateral international treaties. In the theoreticalempirical part we characterize generally the functional law style and then we define its features both in the Czech and in the Spanish languages. We offer a short synopsis of its different genres covered by this functional style. We study the question of legal translation and distinguish its two fundamental types - the instrumentally and the documentary translation. We present the genre of bilateral international treaty. By summarizing the information contained in the specialized literature and the translation analysis we determine its dominant features both in the Czech and in the Spanish languages (with the exception of the area of interpropositional relationships which will be dealt by detail 113 in the empirical part of our essay). The area of the interpropositional relationships follows by defining them as the object of our research. The empirical part is elaborated by the method of a qualitative research. In the exemplar material of the bilateral international treaties proceeding from the area of the law of social security we explore the realization of the proposition from the point of view of explicitation and implicitation of its...
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Autobiography and the Autobiographical Fragments of People with Mental Disabilities living in Institutions
Širůčková, Marie ; Šiška, Jan (advisor) ; Černá, Marie (referee)
This paper uses phenomenographical interview to explore subjective experience of nine people with mental handicap - they are led to speak by indirective questions only. It is based on humanistically orientated phenomenological approach which emphasizes uniqueness and specific value of each personality. The research method used is an autobiographical technique. The paper should be a contribution to newly appreciate the real personality in mentally handicapped people. It attemps to bring some new nexuses and new dimensions of thinking in the topic or if possible to reveal the wide potential for additional research as well.
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Legal language - its specific features in written and spoken communication
Kosová, Hana ; Mareš, Petr (referee) ; Nebeská, Iva (advisor)
This thesis' main focus is the legal language usage. It covers a very wide area of the interdisciplinary subject of legal language and its practical usefulness for legal professionals as well as general public. The first part of the work tries to describe the specific features of the Czech legal language as a functional entity within general language. The description is divided according to the distinct language levels (morphological, stylistic; lexical and semantic, textual) and those parts are connected with the related legal theory issues (theory of legal semantics, legal concepts and their expressions in the text, problems of prescriptive v. descriptive clauses, possibility of misinterpretation of the originally intended meaning). This part is also accompanied by a terminological chapter explaining the linguistic expressions used herein. The following parts explore various areas of applied linguistics. The following subjects are dealt with: language and grammatical interpretation of statutes (practical usage of it, examples of cases from Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic and examples of enquiries from lawyers as well as from general public to the Czech Language Office of the Czech Academy of Sciences concerning meaning of legal expressions), creating of legal texts, legal informatics and...
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California Proposition 187 - The American Immigration Discussion in 1990's
Kučerová, Lenka ; Calda, Miloš (advisor) ; Korytová Magstadt, Štěpánka (referee)
Immigration - legal and illegal - has been an important issue throughout the United States history. One of the periods of high interest in immigration and related themes occurred during the 1990's, especially between years 1994 and 1996. The controversial Proposition 187 restricting the illegal immigrants' access to welfare benefits and state education passed in California in November 1994 was the first anti-immigrant measure of this period. The state of California became once again a ''trendmaker" in the immigration policy of the United States. Nevertheless, California is rather unique among the states of the Union with its substantially high share of foreign born population and great ethnic diversity. The goal of the thesis was to analyze the immigration discussion in California in 1990's on the example of Proposition 187 passed in 1994 in a referendum and evaluate the impact of the discussion on the federal legislative and the federal immigration debate. The first task was to describe the demographic situation and development in California in the first half of the 1990's - its basic characteristics, and also the economical and social circumstances - and also introduce a brief history of California immigration. The California population has been changing very quickly since 1980's and the share of...
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Comparison of residential and non-residential leases
Bartůňková, Eva ; Salač, Josef (advisor) ; Pohl, Tomáš (referee)
The title of the thesis is "Comparison of residential and non-residential leases". The main objective is to explore the current legal regulation of leases pertaining to apartments and to commercial premises and to carry out their comparison. Due to the considerable broadness of the subject, the comparison cannot and will not be exhaustive and therefore it primarily focuses on the differences in regulation of residential leases and commercial premises from the perspective of the degree of legal protection granted to the tenants, which is not offered in the same extent to the lessees of commercial premises. The thesis examines current legal regulation of the subject; nevertheless it does not omit to provide a brief survey of its historical development and a short excursion into potential future treatment of the subject matter. The thesis considers related case law as found in relevant rulings of the Czech courts as the case law plays a major role in the interpretation of statutes pertaining to leases and legal relationships arising therefrom.
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Possibilities and application of activation in chemical education
Zákostelná, Barbora ; Šulcová, Renata (advisor) ; Solárová, Marie (referee) ; Smrček, Stanislav (referee)
Possibility and Use of Activation in Chemical Education Mgr. Barbora Zákostelná Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, 2012 In the last decade educational curricular documents in the CR interconnected with the European Union have being changed. The structure of national education comes out of so called Lisbon trial in which the Czech Republic has participated since 2010. Before this reform there was a document 'National Programme of Education in the Czech Republic' (so called White Book) from which the new education law (No. 561/2004 of legal code) originated. One of the main parts of the reform is introduction of General Educational Programme (RVP) in education (from pre-school education up to higher secondary education). On the basis of RVP published and endorsed by the Ministry of Education each school creates its own individual School Educational Programme (ŠVP). It is just the ŠVP what makes each school different from other schools with similar type of specialization and allows them to prepare a unique schooling. Uniqueness can be also achieved by using "modern didactical technology" electronic materials and activation methods of teaching. This fact has made a basis for the questionnaire survey that is a research part of this dissertation work. A partial aim of this work was to find...
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