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Effect of medium composition on the mass spectra of the yeast species of Cryptococcus laurentii and Cryptococcus flavescens
Ledvina, Vojtěch ; Breierová, Emília (referee) ; Stratilová, Eva (advisor)
Cryptococcus laurentii and Cryptococcus flavescens are nonfermenting yeasts forming extracellular polysaccharide capsule. Both species are mainly saprofytic but Cr. laurentii is also known to be an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised patients. Cr. flavescens used to be considered a synonym of Cr. laurentii but nowadays it is classified as a separate species that belongs to the phylogenetic group I of the Cr. laurentii group. In the experimental part 28 strains of species Cr. laurentii, Cr. flavescens a Cr. victoriae were biotyped using MALDI-TOF MS. The yeasts were cultivated on three different media (Sabouraud, YPD and potato agar) and three methods were used for the protein extraction. The impact of growth medium composition from which the strains were inoculated on the quality of spectra was studied together with the suitability of individual methods for use on different media. Then the impact of growth medium composition on the quality of acquired spectra was evaluated. Finally, all strains were compared mutually and with the type strain of Cr. laurentii CCY 17 3-2. The composition of the medium cells were inoculated from was found to have little impact on the spectra quality. The same result was determined for the composition of the actual growth medium cells were cultivated on. Crucial for the quality of mass spectrum is the method of cells preparation. Best results were acquired when cultivating cells on YPD agar, washing the cells with ethanol and using mix of sinapinic and ferulic acid as a matrix. Potato agar was found not suitable for cultivating yeasts of the Cryptococcus genus due to significant production of extracellular polysaccharides which complicate the protein isolation process. All strains were compared to Cr. laurentii type strain CCY 17-3-2 and MSP dendrograms were created based on the spectra similarity. In the MSP dendrograms all strains were successfully divided into relevant species on all tested media. Finally sequences of D1/D2 domain of LSU gene were compared and phylogenetic tree was created. This tree was then compared to the MSP dendrograms.
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Incubation strategies of selected duck species
Klvaňa, Petr ; Albrecht, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šálek, Miroslav (referee) ; Bureš, Stanislav (referee)
- 9 - Incubation strategies of selected duck species Summary of the PhD. thesis Avian incubation is an energetically demanding process. It holds true especially for uniparental incubators in which all incubation efforts are restricted to one individual. All ducks species breeding in northern hemisphere are representatives of birds with uniparental care. High demands of clutch formation and incubation make from ducks perfect model for testing factors influencing parent investment decisions. On the other hand parental investment to actual breeding attempt depends on many factors including breeding season duration, food supply, female's age, risk of predation or resilt of previous nesting attempt. So investigation of this complex problematic is extremely difficult. This thesis is focused on the most important phase of breeding cycle - incubation of clutch. Clutch incubation is associated with high energy cost to maintenance optimal temperature conditions for developing embryos. Morover incubation process can has large effect on female's body mass because of reduction of feeding time. Incubation strategy of success female include many partial tactic reducing predation risk of clutch and incubating female or eggs cooling. The incubation strategies of three ducks species were investigated in this thesis - Mallard...
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A contribution to the study of British aristocracy in the years 1890-1910
Týmalová, Lenka ; Tumis, Stanislav (referee) ; Kovář, Martin (advisor)
In the years 1890-1910 the British aristocracy had been confronted with the political, economic and social changes, which were the most important causes of its gradual but irrepressible decline. The main economic ground of British aristocracy, the land holding, was weakened by the agricultural crisis, increasingly industrialized economy and political attack against its "land monopoly". Changes in the framework of then political system and increasing number of voters weakened, with the new model of state service, its political power; too large power of conservative House of Lords seemed to be a typical anachronism in the world of the "mass politics". Homogeneity of noble society was broken by entry of industrialists, businessmen, financiers and the movable members of the middle class. The outburst of the First World War had fatal consequences for the British aristocracy too. Members of so called Souls, the aristocratic group of friends, were remarkable by the criticism of its own class formality and manners. In their youth they were the "shining elite" and "hopeful flowers" of high British aristocracy. Charismatic Arthur James Balfour, cultivate, intelligent and good looking, was undisputed the "ideal of British aristocratic world". Margot Tennant-Asquith, the "lifelong original", dominated the noble society...
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Analysis of time series of anions and cations concentrations in the Kopaninsky stream catchment in relation to land use.
KOUŘIMSKÁ, Kateřina
Water quality of small streams in agricultural landscape is mostly classified as polluted or very polluted. The reason of enhanced mineralization of organic mass in soil can be found in changed physical, chemical and biochemical properties of soil profile, which negatively display in mineralization of organic mass and nitrogen release to soil water. Analysis of water quality in agricultural river-basin prove that quality of surface water in areas with high nitrate loadings did not significantly improve in recent years. Nitrates in water are a distinct anthropogenic factor, which defines well disturbance in natural environment. This thesis deals with analysis of time series of nitrate concentrations in the Kopaninsky stream catchment in Bohemo-Moravian Highland. Further the progress in nitrate concentration and its seasonal component is researched.
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Content of toxic and esential elements in bio foodstuffs and their comparing with ordinary foodstuffs
Kohoutková, Nina ; Diviš, Pavel (referee) ; Vitoulová, Eva (advisor)
The aim of this study is to determine the content of toxic and essentials elements in samples of nuts and seeds produced by ecologic agriculture and to compare results with nuts and seeds from conventional agriculture production. These nuts and seeds can be bought in the Czech market (except bio pine nuts, bio pecan nuts and bio pistachios). The amount of elements was analysed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after previous digestion of samples using microwaves. This study summarizes the main physiological functions of toxic and essentials elements. Results were also compared with another studies. It does not results from all measured amounts of all essential elements, that bio nuts and seeds have higher amounts of these elements; however, all amounts of toxic elements in bio nuts and seeds are lower than in the no-bio ones. For more precise results it would be necessary to measure more samples.
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City Library, Lausanne
Klinkovský, Lukáš ; Sedlák, Jaroslav (referee) ; Koleček, Ivan (advisor)
The subject of my diploma project is urbanism and architectural design of the city Library in Lausanne, specifically in previous industry area Séveline. Four long line of houses brought easy concept that complete actual structure whole Séveline. Two houses, a shopping center in south part in contact with the new metro station. The second house in the north part, in which se located the new cultural center – the city library. The street between houses will be transformed into urban street that will be mainly for pedestrians or necessary supplies. The library is designed as a single house. It is a five storey building (one ground floor) with dimensions of 98 x 27 m. Mass of the library is cut through a large entrance hall and long skylight that brings light to the library. The main communication connections are escalators in two directions. In the corners of the building are two concrete cores with an escape staircase, elevators and toilets. In the western part (third and fourth floors) of the house is space over two floors.
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Definition of a refugee under international law
Burová, Petra ; Honusková, Věra (advisor) ; Hýbnerová, Stanislava (referee)
Refugee definition in international law The definition of the term "refugee" in international law is a very wide issue which can be conceived from many different points of view. One of the best ways how to deal with it is to focus on only one part of the generally most widely accepted definition of a refugee. This is the definition according to the 1951 Geneva Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. According to this document a refugee is a person who "owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality, and is unable to or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country..." This definition is more than fifty years old and still actual. It has been adopted in response to the Second World War and the mass refugee flood. The missing interpretation of the term "persecution", which is the fundamental element of the Geneva Convention refugee definition, is still one of the biggest problems of refugee law. The aim of my thesis is to find out whether the missing definition of the term "persecution" is really such a serious imperfection as it is brought out sometimes. I try to answer this question through researching the...
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Medialization of information and society
Nguyen, Hoai Vu ; Toman, Prokop (advisor) ; Sigmund, Tomáš (referee)
This diplom thesis is about the problems, which are connected to our main themes, that are information and all the aspects around it. At the first part of this work we're going to focus on the concept of information and its role in the gaining new knowledge and the communication process. With communication, which is an essential element of every working social society, we will talk about media and mass media. In the third chapter we will deals with the history of all kinds media and compare them to each other, especially about internet, which became a phenomenon of our society. The last sentences of this chapter is about the concept of New media, or social network. The next part of this work is focused on the relationship between information and society, we will compare the actual situation of internet using in Vietnam and in the Czech republic. The fifth chapter of this diplom thesis is about my empirical research about the impacts of internet and social network to people's lifestyle and behavior. The last two chapters will deal with the effects of media to our social society, globalization and we will also prove, that media can be a very powerful political weapon.
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Brand Building and Management in Social Media
Jindra, Martin ; Lipková, Helena (advisor) ; Šlerka, Josef (referee)
Brand Building and Management in Social Media This present paper deals with brand activity in social media environment. Brand which has functional and also symbolic meanings serves as a link between product, service or business and (potential) customers. Brand's value is therefore influenced by a lot of factors. The text puts brand's movement into a wider theoretic context of the onset of new forms of communication (network communication many-to-many) and reveals how to manage the brand in this environment of social media which is so different from mass media world. Recommendations are made how to work with the community and content around the brand. Assuming quality monitoring social media can bring benefits also to the brand, not just consumers. Discussed are in particular following benefits: customer care, brand tracking, evaluating advertising campaigns, getting feedback and suggestions for improvements and alert system. The mixed research explores social media listening, it monitors the three brands of Czech mobile operators and then their representatives analyze the measured data. There are also presented the actual activities of these brands in the Czech social media environment.
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Efficiency of collective shopping servers
Starý, Vladislav ; Svoboda, Miroslav (advisor) ; Babin, Jan (referee)
The survey focuses on the problematic of the sale on mass shopping sites. The aim of the survey is to determinate for which groups of suppliers is more suitable to sale with a strategy to get as many as possible of new customers (advertising) or with opposite strategy to sell as many products as possible regardless of concrete customer (distribution). The survey is conducted through anonymous questionnaires, aimed at mass shopping sites and at actual providers of products and services. The survey focuses mostly on the most common and largest categories on servers: "Travel", "Gastronomy" , "Beauty and relax" and "Goods" . The main contribution of this survey is finding, that for suppliers of the category "Beauty and relax" is an appropriate strategy targeting advertising while in the category "Goods " is, on the contrary, the distribution strategy. Categories "Travel" and "Gastronomy" contain features of both approaches, and in this issue are balanced.
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