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Bioethics I - Nanotechnology in the biomedicíně.
Váchová, Olga ; Kudláčková, Zděnka (advisor) ; Kottová, Martina (referee)
Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of biological and biomedicinal sciences Olga Váchová Supervisor: PhDr. Zdeňka Kudláčková, PhD. Title of diploma tehesis: Bioethics I - Nanotechnology in the biomedicine Background: Create basic summary of ethical theories and bioethics principles. Compile summary of used and investigated nanotechnology applications - particularly their influence on human health and living environment. Furthermore, chart contemporary research and practical nanotechnology use regulation state. Main findings: Nanotechnology is presently one of the fastest developing technologies. Many authors think, that it is a significant breakthrough for society, similar to discovery of steam or electronics in recent history. Usage of nanotechnology is able to considerably extend society potential in material engineering, electronics, optics and particularly in medicine and pharmacy. We can imagine treatment of cancer without side effects of chemotherapy, more sensitive examination methods, durable a biocompatible implants or nanobots monitoring biology functions of human body. Many products and production materials based on nanoparticles or nanotechnology have been commercially exploited until today. Despite of wider and wider applications in daily life,...
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Syntactic specifics in the work by Ignát Herrmann
Plášilová, Monika ; Janovec, Ladislav (advisor) ; Holanová, Radka (referee)
This present thesis is stydying the syntactic specifics in the work by Ignát Herrmann. Major part of the literary work by this author pictures the life of "small" people of Pragues suburb at the end of the 19th century with their simple nature and daily routines and it all with the intention to assume and amuse readers. Although the texts are written and therefore well prepared, Herrmann tries to evoke an exactly reverse feeling in large extent and uses such language constructions which are typical for unprepared, spontaneous and familiar communication. In context of that the texts are rich of direct speech with all the characteristics peculiar to them. There were two main groups created on grounds of the fundamental Czech syntactic grammar for the description of the syntactic specifics in Herrmann's texts. One of them contains modifications of the basic sentence formula (ellipsis, parenthesis, aposiopesis etc.) and the second grammatical constructions with features of appossition relationship (rectification, enumeration and summary etc.). In the analysis reported here it was shown that at the syntax level there are Herrmann's pieces based on two basic principles which are in contrary to each other. On the one hand the texts are highly reduced but on the other side they are apparently enriched. The...
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Long-term balancing of the pension account through the promotion policy of the reproductive generation in the Czech Republic
Zachařová, Eva ; Daňhel, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Krebs, Vojtěch (referee) ; Šulc, Jaroslav (referee)
Economic reality of these days shows that pension, social, fiscal and educational system (we did not deal with flat politics friendly to young families) suffer from disputable till wrong decisions in last months and years. Many of such a decision seemed not to be effected based on scientific and expert analyses, results and recommendations but based on influence and obstinacy of the lobbyist parties and other groups. In the area of social politics we are missing the real social abstraction (i.e. long-term perspective of the social politics bearing) which could be acceptable by the residents. Pension savings and supplementary insurance act as barter -- we send to you contributions, you invest them into our bonds emitated to balance government debt (caused by this contributions as well) -- you have your profits, we have balance and meet liabilities. Fiscal system with its deductions, discounts and consolidations gives a favour to specific groups prior to the others. Social system with its substitutional durations, early pensions, excess indexation, parent leave duration and other advantages destroys natural development of the society, its revenues and expenditures. Early age educational system cannot ensure a sufficient pre-school education and changes parents into the bribees in bulk in order to find a place for their children (4-years and older). Than prolonged compulsory education causes prolonged entrance to the job market. High schools and universities throw up crowds of graduates without necessary practical skills which cause high amount of a young unemployment. We are the country of phenomenons. In the area of supplementary insurance support to the private pension companies we are the best. In the area of advanced women support for family and occupational life coordination (part-time jobs, flexible labour contracts, huge scale of pre-school day-care service) we are the worst and not only in domestic but also international comparison. We face absence of qualified work-force, human capital (necessary for healthy economic and social progress) in 50 or 60 years. This thesis has had for one's object to confirm or disconfirm the main hypothesis that with combination of defined important instruments and politics (aimed to non-financial benefits and huge flexible labour contracts supply) there is a possibility to achieve the long-term sustainability and balance of the pension account with not big shortage, no direction to destroy the whole economic development and with support to flexible job market. For children the thesis perhaps controversially looks as for human capital but from the economic point of view this is correct. In case of the Czech Republic the government approach does not work, the municipalities approach is absolutely unconceptual which restrains in many regions to achieve the co-operation of work and family life, to achieve the high standard of living of families, both due to unsupported pre-school day-care. We could accept one new solution -- no employers pension funds but employers pre-school day-care in co-operation with government and municipalities. This thesis established a hypothesis at the beginning which has been confirmed. PAYG in case of correct co-operation of important politics remains in long-term period stable (on condition 2 children for 1 mother), is just and effective. State income redistribution has moved to the service provider. Costs of such a day-care have been covered by revocation or reduction of the supplementary pension benefits, cancellation of the second pension pillar, shortening of the parent leave supplement, increasing of the employment and employees activity, increasing of efficiency and productivity and consequently profits of the companies and tradesmen. In combination with the high-quality fiscal politics without distortion and without one-side favouritism and senseless reliefs there has been secured stability of pension account, whole economy and public finance. Lower redistribution has been compensated by higher consumption and investment, government spending etc.
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Good dying from a view of nurses
Žabková, Simona ; Kutnohorská, Jana (advisor) ; Švecová, Dagmar (referee) ; Votroubková, Michaela (referee)
This bachelor thesis describes the issue of care for dying patients and dying in hospital. The theoretical part develops the concepts of palliative care, hospice care, needs of the dying, human dignity and also deals with the legalization of euthanasia. Empirical use of quantitative research seeks views of nurses about the last moments of life of the patient, prospect of meeting last wishes of the dying, good dying and also about feelings that nurses perceive while taking care of the dying. The interpreted results also seek views on the legalization of authanasia. The thesis should be a stimulus for reflection on the shortcomings in the care of terminally ill and dying and should lead to a better care for these patients.
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Calculation of life insurance premium and reinsurance premium
Šištíková, Markéta ; Bílková, Diana (advisor) ; Löster, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis deals with actuarial methods that are used for life insurance and reinsurance, for traditional insurance products (whole life, term insurance, pure endowment, endowment, whole life annuity, temporary annuity). The main goal of this thesis is to outline the actuarial methods used for life insurance premium and reinsurance premium. The work is focused on the comparison of the unisex rates, gender specific rates and legislation changes for both sides, insurance company and policyholder. The model examples for each combination of insurance type and gender specific rates (male, female and unisex) are presented.In the last part of the thesis, the time series of the written premium for the Czech Republic market are analyzed for years from 2006 to 2013. The regression model is used to predict the development in next two years.
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Logopedic Activation for People with Chronic Stadium of Aphasia and their Family Members
Vondrášková, Dana ; Housarová, Blanka (referee)
Rigorózní práce Dana Vondrášková Abstract The activation of people in the chronic stage of aphasia and their relatives from the point of view of the speech therapist Mgr. Dana Vondrášková Abstrakt: The topic of the thesis is the life of people with aphasia, mainly in the chronic stage. The theoretical section deals with the definitions of health, disease, wider conception of the chronic stage of the disease and in addition focuses on the quality of life of people with chronic aphasia. The practical section presents the research focused on a two-sided view of chronic aphasia. How this disorder is perceived by a person with chronic aphasia and by his or her partner. The survey was going in two stages to be able to follow the positive or negative changes. Key words: health, disease, acute disease, chronic disease, confines to bed, chronic neurological disease, demonstration of the disease in time, aphasia, communication, quality of life, social environment, family, partnership.
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Schengen zone, its perception and influence upon Bohemian-bavarian borderland
Lojkásek, Libor ; Marada, Miroslav (advisor) ; Mládek, Tomáš (referee)
The target of this thesis is to identify and closer analyse the changes in czech-bavarian borderland, which were caused due to accession of the Czech Republic to the Schengen zone. This thesis consists of two parts. In the first one is discussed a possible impact of Schengen zone, which was divided into few sections. It deals with impacts to the cross border contacts, traffic, trade and tourism, security. The second part verifies the validity of these impacts on the selected area trough special methods such as questionnaire and controlled interview. Conclusions confirmed that removal of border controls had deeper impact on the life in the border area. There was confirmed the continuity between accessibility of the position and size of the municipality and between different ways of perception of the Schengen zone and increasing of co-operation inside it. There was observed the different point of view on the side of Czech and Bavarian mayors. Bavarian mayors were characterized by their positive attitude. Key words: Schengen zone, border area, border control, perception, cross border co-operation.
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Overcoming drug resistance: The discovery, design and characterization of new nonpeptidic inhibitors of HIV - 1 protease
Kožíšek, Milan ; Konvalinka, Jan (advisor) ; Majer, Pavel (referee) ; Obšil, Tomáš (referee)
Ph.D. thesis abstract Overcoming drug resistance : The discovery, design and characterization of new nonpeptidic inhibitors of HIV-1 protease Milan Kožíšek, M.Sc. Supervisor : Jan Konvalinka, Ph.D. PPrraagguuee 22001100 Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Gilead Sciences & IOCB Research Centre Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic 3 Abstract HIV-1 protease is an aspartic protease which plays an essential role in the life cycle of HIV virus. It is responsible for the cleavage of the viral polyproteins into the structural and functional proteins during viral maturation. The efficient inhibition of the protease thus leads to the formation of immature and non-infectious viral particles. The introduction of protease inhibitors dramatically changed the treatment of retroviral infection. The viral replication was reduced to undetectable level and the rate of disease progression was significantly lowered. However, resistance to the inhibitors was observed. The first inhibitors had limited bioavailability, caused severe side effects and easily developed resistance. To combat these negative factors, second-generation inhibitors have been developed. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance toward inhibitors is...
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Troubles on stage: theatrical representation of the conflict in Northern Ireland
Kristenová, Lenka ; Pilný, Ondřej (advisor) ; Wallace, Clare (referee)
The objective of this thesis was to provide a detailed analysis of three modern Irish plays which share one common feature - the portrayal of the conflict in Northern Ireland. Apart from the common background of the Troubles, the plays focus on different aspects of the conflict which also demands different theatrical design. Furthermore, each play was analysed from three social perspectives - religion, gender and locale - in order to examine the ways in which these notions were influenced by the conflict as well as on the ways in which this influence is manifested on individual people. Attached to each play are short conclusions to their respective analyses. Despite their difference, the analyses of the plays also revealed several interesting similarities. Firstly, in the issue of gender, there is a certain discrepancy between the officially proclaimed and recognised division of gender roles and the reality of everyday life. Whereas officially the women are in an inferior position to men, and are expected to be an element of passivity, the three plays suggest that it is rather the men who represent passivity. The plays also point out how the position of men and women in society is further determined by the sectarian conflict. In all three plays, women prove to have stronger characters than men: in Tea in a...
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