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Donepezil ? biological activity nad evaluation of its efficiency.
Drábková, Markéta ; Pourová, Jana (referee) ; Herink, Josef (advisor)
1 Summary Title: Donepezil - biological activity and evaluation of its efficiency Author: Markéta Drábková Supervisor: Doc. MUDr. Josef Herink, DrSc. Department: Department of biological and medicinal sciences Cognitive enhancers are drugs which preferentially affect cholinergic transmission in the central nervous system. The cholinergic system in the brain is the most seriously damaged neurotransmitter system in Alzheimer, s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies. Donepezil is a new cognitive enhancer whose mechanism of action consists of reversible specific inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity. Donepezil increases the amount of acetylcholine available for neuron-to-neuron communication, which may relieve some memory impairment and thus prolonging of patients' self-support. Present thesis classifies cognitive enhancers, it especially describes the mechanism of action and effect of donepezil and its therapeutical usage. The principal aim of my work was to assess and evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of donepezil from chosen clinical studies in the years 2003- 2009. The results support the conclusion that donepezil is safe and effective for long-term treatment of patients with mild or moderate Alzheimer's dementia, vascular dementia, mild cognitive impairment and multiple sclerosis. In...
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HER2/neu and other markers in breast tumours.
Celbová, Lenka ; Doležel, Martin (referee) ; Hochmann, Jiří (advisor)
2. SUMMARY Author: Bc. Lenka Celbová Tutor: MUDr. Jiří Hochmann, CSc. Title of a work: HER-2/neu and other markers in breast tumours Diploma work Department of Biological and Medical Sciences Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Study programme: Healthcare bioanalytics The aim of our diploma work is to bring an overview of the tumour marker HER- 2/neu especially with focus on its activation, laboratory detection, relation to hormonal receptors, its role in tumorgenesis of breast carcinoma and also on the examination of its prognostic importace and its relation to the breast cancer treatment. In the clinical part of this review work we target especially the prognostic and predictive value of HER-2/neu. In many studies, a bad prognosis of HER-2/neu positive breast cancer was confirmed. In this connection the importance of determination of extracellular domain HER-2/neu in serum was examined in the literature. It is proved, that observation of this parameter is useful for monitoring of the patients with HER-2/neu positive carcinomas and there is also proved its predictive importance for the trastuzumab treatment. Another topic investigated in this work is expression of HER-2/neu de novo. Two studies, we found, confirm the opinion, that an amplification of HER-2/neu de novo can...
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Intervention of state authorities in the rights of parents and children
Krajčovičová, Alexandra ; Radvanová, Senta (advisor) ; Dvořák, Jan (referee)
55 Resumé My thesis is called Intervention of state authorities in the rights of parents and children. I've chosen an individual theme because I'm interested in. Parents and children form a family. Family is the basic unit of the society. Each of us comes from a family. Some of us had the good luck some of us hadn't, either biological family don't know or fail to satisfy the conditions laid down by law. Or the family was not good enough for healthy and moral growth of child. The child is the subject of numerous international treaties, conventions and declarations. In cases where the primary background fails, comes the State. State as the guarantor of law intercedes to correct the conditions necessary for the prosperity of the child and happy childhood. Be aware that all interventions are focusing in advantage of the child and its welfare. The authorities - the court and the social-legal protection of children are the main interventionists. These bodies (institutions) cooperate, but also work independently. They are governed by national law. For the protection of children and their growth, the Czech Republic is bounded by international agreements. Some of them are so important that every year is assessed their compliance with as well as their implementation into law of the State. My master's thesis also...
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Reproduction Burbot burbot (\kur{Lota lota}) and incubation of eggs at different temperatures in service
MIKEŠOVÁ, Lucie
The study evaluated the reproductive performance in Burbot burbot (Lota lota L.) and compared the incubation period at two locations. It was confirmed that the burbot wipes at the end of December and beginning of January with an average temperature of 1,93 ? 0,8 ° C. It was found that the content of the eggs in one gram is 3325 ? 248 pieces eggs and 1 ml is 1434 ? 24 pieces of eggs. Also, to evaluate the size of eggs before and after swelling. Size before swelling was 0,814 ? 8 mm and the swelling 0,838 ? 7,1 mm. Further, the absolute and relative fecundity and GSI, the absolute fecundity was 289,279 ? 204,759 pieces of eggs, the relative fertility of 763,523 ? 110,061 pieces of eggs per kilogram of body weight of fish and GSI was 23,15 ? 3.9%. The last parameter was rated incubation period. The incubation period was Vodňany 178,4 ° D and Borových Ladách 145,4 ° D.
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Comparison of anti biological protection of the CR with selected EU countries
SOUKUPOVÁ, Eva
Comparison of anti biological protection of the CR with selected EU countries The system of application of hygienic-epidemiological measures within the Czech Republic is based on Act No. 258/2000 Col. on public health protection and on modification of some related acts defining the system of the public health protection bodies and on Directive No. 440/2000 Sb. stipulating the conditions of prevention of occurrence and transmission of infectious diseases and hygienic requirements for operation of healthcare facilities. The individual tasks given to the public health protection bodies as well as to the Integrated Rescue System units may sometimes be misunderstood. These tasks must be known so as the set goals can be performed and thorough hygienic and epidemiological measures can be ensured. Each state has its own biological security system, which very often differs from that of the Czech Republic. To be able to ensure civil protection in the Czech Republic it is necessary to know the legislation provision or the system of biological agent detection in neighbouring countries, i.e. in Slovakia, in Germany, in Austria and in Poland, to make the cross-border cooperation more effective and reliable. The thesis compares the methods of anti-biological protection in the Czech Republic and in the neighbouring states. The thesis also provides information on the differences in legislation and in anti-biological protection application, from both, the basic as well as professional points of view. Upon these comparisons and upon set criteria a conclusion has been drawn that the Czech Republic is ready to cope with an attack by means of B-agents and that some country has more elaborated protection.
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Agrotechnology of cultivation and content of some biologically active substances in the plants of Silybum Marianum (L.) Gaertn.
KOBLIC, Petr
The milk thistle plant has been known for several thousand years. People observed its beneficial effects for human body as early as in the ancient times. The aim of my work was to study the influence of agricultural technologies to the content of biologically active substances in this plant. I dealt with agrotechnical procedures and climatic conditions which largely influence the content of silymarin complex in achenes of the monitored plant. I gained information in available resources from various authors. Furthermore, in my undergraduate thesis I attempted to clarify some of the methods for the determination of active substances in milk thistle. These active substances are influenced by elicitors. Some of them are described in the next part of my work. In conclusion I evaluated the small plot attempt and the economic evaluation of the proposed technology of growing the plants.
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Influence of selected factors on reproduction of fish Ancistrus multispinnis
BARDOUNOVÁ, Alena
The white-girdled bristlenose catfish (Ancistrus multispinnis) is found in South America in the Amazon Basin, especially along the bed of flowing bodies of water. The male can be recognised from the long, thick, bristling tentacles and odontodes on the head and cheek. Females either have no tentacles or short, thin ones. Ancistrus multispinnis is omnivorous but primarily consumes plant matter. It is a much sought-after fish and it is therefore important to determine the best form of breeding and rearing. The monitoring required for compilation of the research project was performed in the aquarium room at the Department of Biological Sciences from March 2011 to March 2012. Normal and albino variants of Ancistrus multispinnis were used for reproduction. The tested fish were placed in 50 litre tanks where they then reproduced. A WTW meter, column (cation exchanger) and demineralisation filter were used for measurement of the values and for water treatment. The aim of the research project was to determine the influence of a selected form of feeding and water temperature on successful spawning of Ancistrus multispinnis. The findings reveal that, for successful spawning and breeding of these fish, the best form of feeding is to administer pellets specially designed for Ancistri, boiled nettles or lettuce leaves, finely shredded beef heart and even the occasional addition of pond plankton. The ideal water-temperature was revealed to be from 24-26 °C, pH 7-8, conductivity approx. 230 ?S/cm and oxygen content approx. 8.00 mg.l-1.
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Diseases caused by ionizing radiation and their prevention
Hřib, Zdeněk ; Hrnčíř, Evžen (advisor)
3 SUMMARY The text summarizes some of the newest knowledge about effects of the ionizing radiation on various levels of the biological systems and recent recommendations for radiological protection. First chapter of this diploma work gives a brief definition of ionizing radiation, possible sources, summary of its interactions with matter and description of the dosimetric quantities. Second chapter focuses on biological effects of the ionizing radiation. With development of micro-beam technology, the newest research has finally confirmed the assumption of DNA as the main target cell structure for ionizing radiation damage. Apart from well known stochastic effects (cancerogenic and those, causing hereditary and chronic diseases) caused by non-lethal cell damage and organ and tissue reaction (formerly known as non-stochastic or deterministic effect, eg. acute radiation syndrome, acute local damage, chronic radiodermatitis and cataract) caused by lethal cell damage also issues like low dose threshold, in utero exposure risk and newest recommendations for weighting factors are discussed here. Last chapter is dedicated to targets and principles of radiological protection for patients, workers and other population.
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Alzheimer's disease in the current health and social policy
Čepeláková, Kristýna ; Dobiášová, Karolína (advisor) ; Angelovská, Olga (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Fakulta sociálních věd Veřejná a sociální politika Diplomová práce Bc. Kristýna Čepeláková Alzheimerova choroba v současné zdravotní a sociální politice Alzheimer's disease in the current health and social policy Praha 2017 Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Karolína Dobiášová, PhD. Abstract (in English): My dissertation deals with the system of care for patients with Alzheimer's disease in the Czech Republic. For the first objective is to describe this piecemeal issue and confirm, that it's a public- policy problem for the present and will be public-policy problem for the future too. I will collect information about the various measures that the system of care for this type of patients affected. Through content analysis of available resources in the field of care for patients with Alzheimer's disease I will identify the main problem points area of health and social policy. I will place great emphasis on social responsibility for this type of patients and on the impact of public policy measures on the target group of thesis. As a target group I will define not only patients with Alzheimer's disease, but also informal carers, including their close surroundings. They are under great physical and psychological pressure and meets with obstacles in the form of provided formal care services, reduction...
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Orphan Nuclear Receptor TLX (NR2E1) in Regulation of Cell Reproduction and Differentiation
Raška, Otakar ; Kostrouch, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Otová, Berta (referee) ; Nedvídková, Jara (referee)
Nuclear receptors constitute a large family of transcription factors that are powerful regulators of animal tissue metabolism, homeostasis, tissue maintenance and development. They are particularly attractive for their ability to respond to the binding of hormones, metabolites, xenobiotics and artificially prepared molecules and transmit the interaction with these small lipophylic molecules to specific regulatory potential. In search for nuclear receptors that are likely to be critical for neural tissues in invertebrates and conserved during the evolution of animals, we have identified a close homologue of vertebrate TLX in a planarian Schmidtea mediterranea. Planaria represent very promising biological model systems for studies on tissue maintenance and regeneration. Planaria are able to resorb their tissues and use them as sources of energy during fasting and they re-build their bodies from neoblasts when food is plentiful. Our search in Schmidtea mediterranea's publicly accessible genome sequencing data indicated that planarian genome contains at least one gene with a high degree of similarity to vertebrate TLX. We cloned full length CDS (coding DNA sequence of cDNA) and characterized the gene functionally. This showed that the planarian and vertebrate NR2E1 are highly similar...
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