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Influence of latent toxoplasmosis on intelligence of infected subjects
Chvátalová, Veronika ; Flegr, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Lindová, Jitka (referee)
There remain inconsistencies in the literature concerning the intelligence of subjects infected with latent toxoplasmosis. The main goals of this work are to find out whether, a) latent toxoplasmosis influences the intelligence of infected subjects and b) whether Rh negative and Rh positive subjects respond to the infection in different ways. In this work we used a complex test of intelligence, The Structure Intelligence Test I-S-T 2000 R. We were able to statistically control for the confounding variable the size of the place of residence in childhood. This had benefits when compared to previous studies. The differences in intelligence were measured in students of The Faculty of Science. The sample used included 46 toxoplasma-infected and 188 toxoplasma-free individuals. Using nonparametric tests we found lower numerical, fluid and general intelligence in toxoplasma-infected subjects compared to noninfected subjects. In addition, these tendencies were also observed in the results of parametric tests. Further to these components of intelligence there was also found to be a lower component of numerical knowledge in toxoplasma-infected males. By contrast, no differences between infected and noninfected individuals was found to occur in the female test subjects. No statistically significant...
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Drug Prevention among Roma Youth
Hrabcová, Marta ; Sak, Petr (advisor) ; Janošová, Pavlína (referee)
This thesis deals with the drug prevention among Roma youth. It is based on the research among the clients of Children and Youth Centre Teen Challenge Int. I have been working there as a part time worker the last three years. Using the method of in-depth half- structured interviews, I interviewed twelve clients, ages in the range of ten to sixteen years. All of them were members of the Roma minority, which is a group significantly affected by social exclusion and wide range of socially pathological phenomena, including the use of addictive substances. Given this situation, Roma youth appears to be a group highly at-risk of drug addiction. This means that special attention should be paid to this group in selective prevention efforts. Beside this, non-specific prevention is also extremely important. In this paper I tried to show that, as many risk-factors are closely related to the very ethnic specificity of this minority. Its unique cultural features must be taken into account. Non-specific prevention should focus not only on the meaningful use of free time, but it should also seek to strengthen self-confidence, positive features of ethnic identity, ability of planning and postponing satisfaction. Some other important parts of non-specific prevention could consist of efforts to teach how to accept...
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Setting and verification of the program of breathing exercises for adolescents as a supporting structure for their mental health in educational institutions
AUTERSKÁ, Regina
The diploma thesis deals with the effect of breathing and relaxation exercises on the mental health of adolescents in educational institutions as there is a lack of such free time activities. There were 9 participants from the Children's home Žíchovec in the age 1115 years in this research. They took part in a 12-week intervention program called "I breathe therefore I am", that was set according to the specifics of adolescence. The effect of breathing exercises to the human body and mind was monitored by the Biofeedback Shulfried 2000x-pert device, the Profile Of Mood States questionnaire and the "Unfinished Sentences" method. The acquired data were analyzed and statistically validated. The results confirmed positive effect of breathing exercises on reducing the affective states, deepening abdominal breathing and decreasing the pulse frequency. The intervention program was reccomanded as a part of the free time activities of adolescents in educational institutions.
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Physical activities of young adults
Trávníček, Tomáš ; Bunc, Václav (advisor) ; Pivovarniček, Pavol (referee)
Bachelor thesis title: Physical activity of young adults Purpose of bachelor thesis: Determine how often our young adult population do physical activities and sports activities and whether they fell for their operation experience some positive changes in their body. It is aimed at citizens aged 20-40 years, whose residence is not specified further, because it is a set of randomly selected individuals. Method of bachelor thesis: To get all the data was used a questionnaire survey, which lasted for 6 weeks and questionnaires were, for the protection of certain personal data anonymous. Results of bachelor thesis: Our first task was to determine whether people engaged in physical activities in general and, if so, how often. This first hypothesis we were able to confirm that physical activity as people in most cases operated 2-3 hours per week, or 4-5 hours a week. Furthermore, we examined whether physical activity engaged in order to improve physical fitness and reducing body fat. This hypothesis was not confirmed by us, because the results showed that the main purpose of the operation of physical activities for people of that file is primarily an experience of regeneration and leisure. Key words Adult population - sport - physical activity - lifestyle - nutrition
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Role of nitric oxide in the regulation of apoptosis and cell cycle during various pathological conditions
Kučera, Tomáš ; Martínek, Jindřich (advisor) ; Čech, Svatopluk (referee) ; Mokrý, Jaroslav (referee)
Nitric oxide is a free radical that plays number of important roles in the organism. Among the best known are its effects in cardiovascular, nervous and immune system. However, as the knowledge about this molecule is expanding, it is becoming obvious that NO is involved in many other physiological processes. The importance of NO is given also by its ability to influence various pathological processes. It was found that the role of NO can be both beneficial and detrimental depending on various circumstances, mainly on the local level of NO production. The potential of nitric oxide to influence the process of programmed cell death and cell proliferation belongs to its important properties. There were reported numerous controversial effects on these processes, which result depended on the particular cell type and its actual physiological or pathological circumstance. The aim of the thesis was to contribute to the better knowledge of the NO role in programmed cell death - apoptosis and in cell proliferation. With respect to the currently known specific effects in various tissues and organs the research was focused on several different pathological conditions. At the same time, several in vitro models were combined with in vivo undertaken observations. The experimental rats and primary rat hepatocytes were used...
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Elderly people on the labour market: Why work in post-productive age? Why not
Jandová, Pavlína ; Kotrusová, Miriam (advisor) ; Čabanová, Bohumila (referee)
In connection with adverse demographic characteristics of western societies and with growing expenses of states, linked with sufficient economic security of the oldest individuals in the post-productive age, the age limit of leaving into the old age pension in Czech Republic is being permanently prolonged in as well. Is the labour market able to adapt on the new situation and to accept the increasing proportion of elderly people amongst employees? And are the Czech senior citizens willing to take part in economical activities? This bachelor's work is focused on finding the elderly people's motivation to remain on the labour market and on studying the obstacles which they encounter. The resultant findings are mainly based on the performed research survey on the targeted population, which was carried out with the method of qualitative interviews. These findings are supplemented and supported with previously realised researches. The identified motivational factors of elderly people to work can be divided into three groups: influence of the state and its policies, influence of lifestyle socio-demographic characteristics, which affect the lifestyle and the influence of individual dispositions. All the factors are described further and their positive or negative impact on the economic activity of elderly...
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Biological Activities and Chemical Content of Glycyrrhiza Species
Cheel Horna, Jose Carlos ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Sikyta, Bohumil (referee) ; Mučaji, Pavel (referee)
7. ABSTRACT 7.1. Phenolic content profiles and free radical-scavenging activity of roots of Glycyrrhiza species In this study, the free radical-scavenging activity of 80% methanolic extracts from G. glabra, G. uralensis, G. echinata, and G. pallidiflora roots was assessed using DPPH free radical and superoxide anion radical scavenging assays. The total contents of phenolics (TP), flavonoids (TF), and tannins (TT) were also measured. From the results, G. glabra showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (DRSA), whereas G. echinata exhibited the lowest values of DRSA. Extracts from G. uralensis, G. echinata, and G. pallidiflora showed the highest superoxide radical scavenging activity (SRSA). The highest TP content was found out in G. uralensis and G. echinata (4.71 and 4.70 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 mg of extract, respectively). The highest TF content (1.84 mg quercetin equivalents (QE)/100 mg of extract) was observed in G. glabra, whereas the lowest value (0.53 mg QE/100 mg of extract) was measured in G. pallidiflora. Extracts from G. uralensis and G. pallidiflora showed the highest TT content. There were positive and significant correlations between TP and SRSA (r = 0.6881, p < 0.05) and between TT and SRSA (r = 0.7754, p < 0.05). The TF content was significantly correlated only with DRSA (r...
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Physical education for pre-school children with autism spectrum disorder
Koudelková, Lenka ; Strnad, Pavel (advisor) ; Prokešová, Eva (referee)
3 Abstract Theme of thesis: Physical education for pre-school children with autism spectrum disorder Objectives of thesis: The aimt of my thesis was to prepare a methodical guide for teachers and trainers of free time activities for pre- school children with ASD, then to identify, if the bee can contribute to improve the children self-reliance during practice of their motorical skills, if it can have a positive effect on the behaviour of children during work and whether it can help reducing problematic behaviour. Method: The main metod used in the qualitative part of my research was observation participation method, the other informal interview. The data was evaluated using simple analysis and statistical method of frequencies. Results and conclusions: The objective of my thesis is to prepare a methodical guide for teachers and trainers of free time activities dealing with pre-school children with ASD. I found outied, that participation in a bee can contribute to improve the children's self-reliance during practice of their motorical skills, it also positively affected the behaviour of children during work and it helped to reduce problematic behaviour. Key words: Autistic spectrum disorder, physical education, structured teaching, structured movement activity, pre-school children, free time activity
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Biological activity of macromycetes - A
Zvonková, Lenka ; Macáková, Kateřina (advisor) ; Opletal, Lubomír (referee)
Zvonková, L. Biological activity of macromycetes - A. Charles University in Pragu, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, 96 pp. Key words: mushrooms, compounds, free radicals, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), antioxidant activity, sequential injection analysis (SIA) Fourteen different mushrooms taxons (orders − Boletales, Pezizales, Polyporales and Russulales) were examined in this diploma thesis. Lyophiziled extracts were prepared under the precise set of conditions from the fruiting bodies and consequently used for recognition of compounds groups and for antioxidant activity detection. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used for the determination of compounds groups. This TLC process proceeded in ascending development in pre-saturated chambers. From TLC results it was detected that tested mushrooms extracts contained especially amino-acids, saccharides, carboxylic acids, phenolic substances, sterols, which corresponds with the available literature. Alkaloids were also detected, especially in Leccinum griseum (Quél.) Singer extract. Antioxidant activity was set using sequential injection analysis method (SIA), which is based on DPPH radical bleaching. This method is very suitable, due to its rapidness and sensitivity, for evaluation of multiplicity routine antioxidant activity screenings. The...
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Banking contracts
Füleová, Adriana ; Liška, Petr (advisor) ; Elek, Štefan (referee)
Resumé - Bank Contracts Bank Contracts are an integral part of our everyday lives. Citizen and bussines entities used bank contracts very often. Despite this fact we can't find legal definition in the Czech law. Banking contracts understand contracts that are signed by banks in their business activities and obligations under these contracts arise. While the banking contracts have been widely used, in Czech law there is not too much literature and judgements abou this issue. Lack of legislation, however, can often lead to real life problems in implementing the obligations under those contracts. The purpose of my thesis is to analyse current legislation of bank contracts contained in Commercial Code (Act No. 513/1991). The thesis is composed of three main parts. First part is introductory and defines basic terminology used in the thesis. First part is consisting of four chapters. In first chapter I am trying to explain, what bank contracts are. Banks often exploit their stronger position as a contracting party and enter into contract, which we call adhesion contract. In second chapter I am trying to explain what adhesion contract is. Then in third chapter I focus on general business conditions and in last chapter I focus on consumer protection legislation in connection with the implementation of the laws of...
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