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Mapping of regulatory elements within 5' region of the Disp3 locus
Oltová, Jana ; Bartůněk, Petr (advisor) ; Krásný, Libor (referee)
Dispatched 3 (Disp3), a thyroid hormone-regulated gene, is studied extensively in our laboratory. Phenotype of cells with overexpressed Disp3 and its expression pattern make it a perfect candidate for a molecular link between thyroid hormone action and cholesterol homeostasis in the brain. Moreover, we hypothesize that it might play a role in certain neurodegenerative disorders and brain tumours. This thesis is aimed at the process of regulation of this gene via thyroid hormone receptor (TR), specifically identification of responsive elements of the thyroid hormone receptor that are necessary for the regulation. Also, we searched for elements recognized by liver X receptor (LXR), as LXR binds to the same arrangement of repeats as TR and there are a number of genes regulated by both of them. We combined in silico analysis of the Disp3 locus with reporter luciferase assays. A cluster of six elements identified around the first exon with two of them being conserved among human and mice draw our attention. In order to analyze this sequence in more detail, reporter vectors of various truncations of 3 kb region around exon 1 were constructed and tested in reporter assays. Reporter assays did not reveal any substantial element activated by TR or LXR; on the other hand, region containing repressor element(s)...
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Role of chemopreventive compounds and food additives in the process of metabolism and activation of carcinogens by cytochromes P450
Fousová, Petra ; Hodek, Petr (advisor) ; Hansíková, Hana (referee)
The origin of malignant tumors have different internal and external factors and also have been shown that, for majority of exogenous chemical carcinogens, the genotoxicity depends on metabolic activation through enzymes. Members of the subfamilies CYP1A are involved in activation of precarcinogens, for example the heterocyclic amine PhIP. One of the main approaches to achieve a reduction in a cancer risk is prevention. Recently, the consumption of dietary supplements containing various chemopreventive substances, such as flavonoids, has expanded. On the other hand, some negative effects of these compounds were also confirmed, especially their ability to induce cytochrome P450 and thus increase the risk of activating precarcinogens. In this study, the inductive effect of a single administration of chemopreventive compounds, namely the effect of -naphtoflavon to cytochrome P450, had been investigated. Furthermore, a sequential study was carried out. In this study rats were first given an inducer, the -naphtoflavon, and after a passed interval they were given the carcinogen PhIP. Finally, the effect of PhIP on the activity of cytochrome P450 has been studied in vitro. KEY WORDS: cytochrome P450, carcinogens, chemopreventive compounds
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Practical courses and modification of selected tasks from Biology olympiad
Filipová, Jana ; Janštová, Vanda (advisor) ; Hrozinka, Šimon (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to summarize the integration of hands-on activities into biology lessons and to compare them with the requirements in the high-school curriculum. Further it inquires the influence of hands-on activities on the knowledge of students and their interest in the subject, and it summarizes previous findings about this topic. Sources available show that hands-on activities have a positive impact and are benefitial to students. This thesis also gives some examples of chemical tests suitable to be carried out in lessons. These tests can serve as proofs of carbohydrates, lipides and proteins in plants.
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Molecular cytogenetic analysis of marker chromosomes and related abnormalities
Semanko, Adam ; Kočárek, Eduard (advisor) ; Holá, Dana (referee)
The primary focus of this diploma thesis is on marker chromosomes and phenotypically similar human karyotype polymorphisms, variants of short acrocentric arms in particular. The first half provides a very useful review of literature concerning different aspects of both sSMC and human polymorphisms such as their origin, inheritance, associated phenotype, formation and molecular cytogenetic methods that are applied in the process of identification of these aberrations. The methodical emphasis is on FISH and its modifications (e.g. M-FISH, acro M FISH, cen M-FISH) as well as on the CGH methods. The main objective was to test the above-mentioned methods and state their limitations and applications. Thus, in the other half we provide evaluations of commonly used methods and introduce new strategies that could be implemented to make the identification of these additional chromosomes or satellite translocations more effective. All the conclusions are based on the analysis of 7 patients with sSMC and 4 patients with variants involving acrocentric NOR regions. The results of our thorough research into their karyotypes have been compared with similar findings in the literature. Last but not least, we tried to establish a link between observed abnormalities and the type of a chromosomal aberration at hand.
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Ab initio calculations of BN molecule and small fused hydrocarbons with single-reference and Brillouin-Wigner multireference coupled clusters methods
Veis, Libor
The topic of the diploma thesis is calculations with single-reference and Brillouin-Wigner multireference coupled clusters methods. In the beginning, the brief overview of the theory of selected quantum chemical methods with emphasis on the theory of coupled clusters (single reference as well as multireference) is presented. Third chapter deals with calculations of the lowest lying singlet and triplet states of boron nitride molecule (BN). The lowest singlet state (1+) exhibits multireference character and this molecule is thus a suitable candidate for testing of newly developed computational methods. Vibrational frequencies, anharmonicities and singlet-triplet energy splitting were calculated with different variants of multireference Brillouin-Wigner coupled clusters method (MR BWCC). The results were compared with experimental values and the results of single-reference and reduced multireference coupled clusters. The fourth and fifth chapters present the study of a series of seven small fused cyclopentanes of the formula C5H2n (n = 0 - 4) [1]. The existence of local minima of all seven structures was verified at the CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ level. Their stability was predicted according to enthalpies of formation and strain energies. 1H and 13C NMR spectra (chemical shifts), IR and Raman spectra were...
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OCR of handwritten structural chemical formulae
Zajíc, Vítězslav ; Pangrác, Ondřej (referee) ; Bálek, Martin (advisor)
This work is concerned with methods and algorithms used in developed program for recognition of the hand-drawn chemical structural formulae. It describes the preprocessing of the input image by using Gauss filter, the recognition of lines in the image by searching adjacent dark pixels. It shows inapplicability of Hough transform for line recognition. It covers searching for the most accurate approximation of the found lines using as few segments as possible. It shows similarity of structural formulae to graphs and describes algorithm of creating vertices and edges from recognized segments by using simple rules, that examine the length and neighbourhood of segments. It contains a chapter about recognition of the letters of heteroatoms and functional groups by comparing to pattern. In the end it shows errors in recognition on inappropriate input image. The program itself is also included in the work.
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The Separation of Gastric Aspartic Proteases Using Affinity Chromatography
Frýdlová, Jana
Human gastric juice contains mainly aspartic proteases - pepsin A and pepsin C. Both pepsins are produced by gastric mucosa as inactive pepsinogens (pepsinogen A and pepsinogen C) that differ in their physico-chemical and immunological properties. Both pepsinogens consist of molecular variants, isozymogens. Pepsinogens are activated to the corresponding pepsins in the acidic environment of the gastric lumen. The levels of pepsinogens in serum reflect the morphological and functional status of gastric mucosa. The levels of pepsinogens are associated with gastric diseases (e.g. gastric cancer, gastritis). For a diagnostic purpose, the ratio of pepsinogen A to pepsinogen C not only in the gastric mucosa but also in serum is relevant. The gastric cancer patients or the atrophic gastritis patients have significantly lower ratio of serum pepsinogen A to pepsinogen C in comparison with the healthy subjects. In addition, proportion of individual isozymogens reflects the type of the gastric disease. Determination of changes in pepsinogen levels could be useful for early diagnostics of gastric diseases mentioned above. A subject of this Ph.D. thesis is a part of a long-term investigation that focuses on the elaboration of methods for the separation of gastric aspartic proteases that would be suitable for...
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Support of bachelor and master thesis couching
Winkler, Jakub ; Pavlíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Bartoš, Jan (referee)
Today, procedure of creating bachelor and master thesis suffers from many problems. Amongst them the main issue would consist of absence of central storage ability connected to creating and couching the thesis. In practice that would mean information about records from consultation, comments to thesis etc. are to be lost and neither student, nor his thesis couch can take a look to the history of thesis progress. Furthermore, there is a lack of date registration for consultations and deadlines of handing out thesis. As a consequence, both efficiency and quality of final thesis are decreased by such poor management. As a solution, support of whole thesis procedure with software tool is suggested. There are many options of such software solutions, however only one is the most suitable and that is exactly what this thesis is trying to find. Thesis formulates requirements for such software application, after the analysis of current situation and identification of core issues. Application should bring improvement of the situation and at the same time should be users, operational and financially acceptable. From wide spectrum of available solutions, only those which had fulfilled basic conditions were chosen. Basic conditions such as: users interface in Czech language, saving documents availability and large capacity of users accounts. Final group of potential solutions was put through detail analysis for support utility for thesis couching. This analysis finally shows the most suitable solution. This bachelor thesis brings analysis of utility for commonly available web application or hosted applications for bachelor and diploma thesis couching. The implementation could be done quickly without further problems, thanks to the undemanding IT and financial requirements of software application. After finding the most suitable solution, this thesis shows how large scale of efficiency Microsoft SharePoint Services 3.0 brings. Furthermore, at the end of this thesis, many more options for using this application are shown.
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Variability inanimate Maskulin a literary language problems at school (with a focus on lo singular )
Vybíral, Petr ; Kvapilová Brabcová, Radoslava (advisor) ; Sgall, Petr (referee) ; Minářová, Eva (referee)
For a declension (inflection, declination) of Czech nouns is typical a richness of inflexional types and their endings. They either mark strongish a homonymy (e.g . type outhouse/'staveni), or a synonymic. Through their positional final variants (allomorphics) are generated a synonymic endings doublet forms (formative variants). A description of distribution these variant endings is in Czech morphological interesting and doctrinal task. Namely above all therefore, we learn to understand especially specification a literary language at school. Then we have to keep it as much as is possible, because we have a sense of responsibility to our literary language norm. Don't being wanted to break its, we are obliged think about it, which one of endings is literary, if need be are not literary already both of them. Since the Gebauer's date to contemporary The Hand Grammar Czech (Příruční mluvnice češtiny) enter to the games at classification these endings a philological interventions. They evaluated these endings and described its on the axes correct - wron or literary - non-literary. Off at the same time no-stays nor a look dialectological. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Cable-supported bridge
Adler, Filip ; Glovina, Filip (referee) ; Nečas, Radim (advisor)
The subject of this master thesis is to design a pedestrian bridge supported by cables. There are three variants of studies created for this case and for most suitable one, all documentations were produced. The primary focus of this work is on static design solution with an output of several drawings. Static model for results from load cases included construction stages and was created in Midas Civil. Design and checks were performed by hand calculations, complemented by checks of several sections by IDEA StatiCa software. Analysis and calculations are compliant to up-to-date codes and respect the fundamentals of analysis due to limit states.
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