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Communication in Mobile Robotics
Hýbl, Matouš ; Jílek, Tomáš (referee) ; Žalud, Luděk (advisor)
Cílem této práce je poskytnout náhled do způsobů, jakými by se daly vylepšit komunikační spoje používané v mobilní a zejména servisní a záchranářské robotice. Elektromagnetické spektrum, zejména rádiové spektrum, je rozebráno vzhledem k nutnosti určit frekvence na kterých je možné komunikační spoje provozovat. Dále jsou popsány digitální modulace, jelikož mají vliv na chování signálu v přítomnosti rušení. Rovněž jsou popsány možnosti vylepšení komunikačních spojů, a to včetně jejich vhodného použití a možné implementace. Je vyvinut komunikační subsystém založený na routerech MikroTik. Tento komunikační subsystém je schopen retranslace a je vybaven hardwarem potřebným pro implementaci záložního spoje založeného na LTE. Jako testovací robot je oživen robot Orpheus HOPE, který je vybaven novou řídicí deskou, firmwarem, zmíněným komunikačním subsystémem a přejmenován na Orpheus CT. Dále je vyvinut systém pro měření vlastností komunikačních spojů, který je následně ověřen během dvou experimentů. Třetí experiment se zabývá testováním funkce retranslace komunikačního subsystému. Zhodnocení experimentů ukazuje, že zmíněný měřicí systém funguje a že komunikační subsystém je vhodný pro použití v robotech servisní a záchranářské robotiky.
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LIDAR and Stereocamera in Localization of Mobile Robots
Vyroubalová, Jana ; Drahanský, Martin (referee) ; Orság, Filip (advisor)
LIDAR (2D) has been widely used for mapping, localization and navigation in mobile robotics. However, its usage is limited to simple environments. This problem can be solved by adding more sensors and processing these data together. This paper explores a method how measurements from a stereo camera and LIDAR are fused to dynamical mapping. An occupancy grid map from LIDAR data is used as prerequisite and extended by a 2D grid map from stereo camera. This approach is based on the ground plane estimation in disparity map acquired from the stereo vision. For the ground plane detection, RANSAC and Least Squares methods are used. After obstacles determination, 2D occupancy map is generated. The output of this method is 2D map as a fusion of complementary maps from LIDAR and camera. Experimental results obtained from RUDA robot and MIT Stata Center Data Set are good enough to determine that this method is a benefit, although my implementation is still a prototype. In this paper, we present the applied methods, analyze the results and discuss the modifications and possible extensions to get better results.
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Comparison of Localization Techniques
Skalka, Marek ; Obdržálek, David (advisor) ; Iša, Jiří (referee)
This work compares localization techniques used in mobile robotics. Localization - how to determine one's own position within a space - is one of the fundamental challenges of robotics. The introduction is devoted to a detailed description of localization and to the categorization of localization techniques. In subsequent chapters, category by category, various localization techniques and their variants are described and their strengths and weaknesses are compared. The work successively addresses: probabilistic localization techniques used for inaccurate sensor measurements processing and for providing reliable position estimate; relative localization techniques used for evaluation of relative changes in the robot position; and absolute localization techniques for finding and estimating the absolute position of the robot in the environment.
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Odometer module for mobile robot
Davídek, Daniel ; Burian, František (referee) ; Jílek, Tomáš (advisor)
The main objective of this work was the development and realization of odometric module for mobile robot envMap. The module processes signals from the incremental encoder and then calculates the position and direction of the robot together with the probability of its occurrence. The calculated data with a time stamp obtained from the GPS, are then sent to the above-system via the serial interface. For the realization the development board STM32F407G was chosen. f this board can be configured to function as an encoder input. This minimizes the possibility of encoder data loss when external interrupts are handled. The STM32F4 will not be any pull-back in the later development as there are plenty of peripherals on STM32F4. They were designed with two printed circuit boards: the reduction for the GPS module and shield-board for STM32F4. The equations for calculating odometric information and the probability of occurrence are included in this work. To calculate the movement of the robot, the equation considering only the movement on the plane surface is chosen. Later in this thesis there is also description of the source code for the STM32 and its functionality. In the results there is a complete connecting diagram along with the description of the utility program ODOMAT and communication messages. Finally, measurements correcting systematic error in parameters of the robot are described and there is the final odometry measurements compared with GPS localization as ground truth.
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Sensor system design for mobile robot based on ROS framework
Tomáš, Petr ; Mašek, Petr (referee) ; Věchet, Stanislav (advisor)
The essence of this master thesis is design and implementation of sensor system based on robotic framework which is called ROS (Robot Operating System). The main task is to perform detailed analysis and test of capabilities of the framework with final implementation on specific robot application (sensor system) with following evaluation of applicability of the system in mobile robotics. As parallel aim is to create detailed general and practical guide for beginners with ROS which they are also beginners in Linux based operating systems.
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Omnidirectional chassis control
Hrazdira, Adam ; Burian, František (referee) ; Šembera, Jaroslav (advisor)
The aim of this work is to design and implement software for omnidirectional chassis control. The document takes into account a real model of the chassis. Furthermore, the text presents the principles of the chassis and the client program for control. In the end the possibility of communication and control with Matlab Simulink environment is discussed.
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Omnidirectional chassis
Mejzlík, Bohumír ; Kopečný, Lukáš (referee) ; Šolc, František (advisor)
The master's thesis deals with the functional model design of the omnidirectional chassis and its implementation. It is focused on construction of the omnidirectional chassis and choosing the suitable hardware equipment.It also deals with a project of control software for a mini-computer and a design of graphic application in the PC.
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Modelling and control of wheeled mobile robots
Sypták, Michal ; Šembera, Jaroslav (referee) ; Šolc, František (advisor)
Control of wheeled chassis does not constitute a problem in the area of mobile robotic solely. Rather, it can be encountered in transportation, both at close range and long range. In this thesis, mobile chassis are characterized as kinematic models. These models prove to be erroneous at high speed, whereas they sufficiently accurately represent the real robotic system in situations when slow, autonomous motion of the robot is desired. In comparison with dynamic models, both their project and implementation are simpler, too. The first part of this thesis is focused on a basic description of the motion of a robot in-plane. In the next part, five, most frequently used wheels in robotics are described and characterized - standard fixed wheels, standard steering wheels, castor wheels, multidirectional wheels and omnidirectional wheels. The motion conditions are deduced from each type of wheel. There are two methods of projecting the mobile robot model – full modelling and generic modelling. Based on these two methods, six models of mobile robots with different motion properties are proposed and described. The last and most extensive part of this thesis deals with simulator of robot motion created in Matlab/Simulink. It includes users guide which allows the configuration of random chassis and various trajectories of motion. In this way, it is possible to visually evaluace and classify the the different types of robots. The core of this thesis is largely connected with the field of odometry – i.e. transformation output from speed sensor and turning of wheels sensor into the robot position in the system of coordinates that defines its working space. Simulator as complex only model motion of mobile robots in plain. Its inside structure included algoritms, that have been used in praxis for control real mobile robots. In this way created Simulator models the motion of mobile robots in-plain only. However, its inside structure is based on algorithms, that could be used for control of real mobile robots in real-life working.
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Four legged walking robot
Veleba, Tomáš ; Krištůfková Dvorská, Jolana (referee) ; Neužil, Tomáš (advisor)
The diploma paper deal with control problems of a four legged walking robot. They endeavour to establish and partly implement the walking and control algorithms. They are divided into six parts. Individual chassis types and their advantages and drawbacks are analysed in introduction. Next part describes mechanical design of the robot and also all realised electronics facilities. The third part describes in detail sensors that are used by the robot. Following part deals with description of robot's walking. It explains individual walking phases and analyses both static and dynamic stability. Next part contains description of the robot's software facility. The software facility of the control micro-controller and the algorithm that generates walking are explained in this part. It also describes software facility of control application in computer. Exploration of the possibilities for wireless control is carried out in the last part.
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Software interface implementation for OmniVision camera
Tomáš, Petr ; Marada, Tomáš (referee) ; Věchet, Stanislav (advisor)
The main aim of this bachelor degree thesis is to analyse and test potential of special camera module (OmniVision image sensor) and to evaluate its applicability to the mobile robotics. In the first part of this work a research method was used which compares and evaluates information gained from the camera systems most widely used in the mobile robotics. The main source for this part of the work was Internet. In the next part, research method was applied which helped to obtain data, to explain important concepts as well as to get new information about the camera module itself. The conclusion of this thesis focuses on the use of the recommended programming language in order to solve the problem which was under examination and to draw my own conclusions concerning the applicability of the image sensor to the practise. This bachelor degree thesis offers a suggestion how to implement hardware and software interface for the camera module chosen. A new test application was developed for the purpose of this work to represent basic potential of the image sensor. It also creates basis for the use of the camera module in different applications. This work also provides factual information for new users how to use this or similar camera with OmniVision sensor quickly and effectively. This camera module is suitable for the mobile robotics and it can be recommended for small mobile robots with low energy content. Concretely, this module makes it possible to pre-elaborate the image due to its program possibilities and wide range of ways how to configure the scanned scene right in the image sensor.
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