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Determination of clotrimazol and benzylalcohol in vaginal cream by means of HPLC
Chmurová, Klára ; Kastner, Petr (advisor) ; Mokrý, Milan (referee)
HPLC determination of clotrimazol and benzyl alcohol in vaginal cream Academic dissertation Klára Chmurová Charles University in Prague, Pharmaceutical Faculty in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control The task was to find out a method of simultaneous determination of clotrimazol and benzylalcohol in a vaginal cream. We were looking for proper modification of the pharmaceutical preparation (vaginal cream), then optimization of chromatographic conditions and validation of this HPLC method, too. The best results were obtained with DISCOVERY® HS F5, 5 µm, 4,5 × 150 mm together with the pre-column DISCOVERY® HS C18, 5 µm, 2,1 × 20 mm, mixture of acetonitril and buffer (K2HPO4 0,05mol/l, pH = 6,1 set up by 85% H3PO4) 60 : 40 (v/v) was used as the mobile phase, flow rate was 1 ml/min. Detection was realized by UV detector with wave length 223 nm. Time of analysis was shorter than 10 min.
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Bridge - computing optimal strategies
Cejnar, Pavel
We give a theoretical model of the game Bridge and its simplified variation. We construct an algorithm for the best response against any given strategy in this model. Then we construct an algorithm for an optimal strategy of the players based on the Brown-Robinson iterative method and we extend this method. In the appendix we also describe algorithms based on heuristic principles that are used in commercial programs.
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Importance of Body Image Marketing
Hejdová, Miroslava ; Koudelka, Jan (advisor) ; Skokanová, Dagmar (referee)
Objective: Body image may be regarded as a very useful tool in marketing strategies. In the theoretic part of the thesis, body image topic is discussed from the women and men's perspective. Main aspects which could be used in marketing are stressed. 1) The first aim of the thesis is to support or explode a theory about current slim ideal in women and athletic body in men and furthermore struggling of men and women to fulfill this ideal by dieting or exercise. 2) The second aim is to find how exactly body image is used in printed adverts on cosmetics, medicines, food supplements and medical devices distributed in pharmacies. Methods: Questionnaire study, analysis of adverts on leaflets. Results: Aim 1: A total of 43 subjects were included in the study, 28 females, 15 males. The majority of subject had university education (35 subj.), none of the subject had only basic level of education. The most frequent residence included Prague (30 subjects). Two hypotheses were statistically confirmed in the study, i.e. Hypothesis 7: Women more than men are aware of the fact, that advertisements do influence their feeling about what they want to look like (p=0.004) and Hypothesis 13: The desire to loose weight is dependent on age (p=0.002). In women, slim body is preferred, while in men the best body would be athletic one. Aim 2: The percentage of total area which aimed at body image differs substantialy within the analysed sample (minimum 4%, maximum 36% of total area of the leaflet). Body image is most frequently used in adverts on cosmetics. In general, it seems, that the area dedicated to body image is very similar across all cathegories. Most of the adverts showed woman's body or its parts. If a man was shown, it was always in a particular social role (a father, a grandfather). Conclusion: Basic presumptions and hypotheses about body image of men and women in our society were confirmed. In line with published literature data, the women's ideal would mean a slim lady who takes care of herself. In men, it is a tall handsome browny man with friendly nature. A certain pilot study into printed adverts on various products sold in pharmacies also confirms wide use of body image in advertising on cosmetics and also over the counter sold medicines. Also in this part of the thesis a compliance with literature-published data concerning use of body image in advertising was found.
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Monitoring antidepressants consumption in pharmacy in 2003-2005
Borská, Anna ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Trejtnar, František (referee)
7. SUMMARY 87 The subject of this thesis is the research of medicine consumption in the selected pharmacy. We focused on the quantification of medication consumption between years 2003 - 2005 in Pharmcentrum Budějovická, Prague 4. In theoretical part of our thesis we summarized the recent knowledge and the best recommendation for the curing of depression. Key attributes of the active principles used at pharmacotherapy of depressions are mentioned as well. In the following part we worked with the figures of single medicine annual consumptions gained from the pharmacy software. Using the DDD/ATC system we have computed the total consumption of each individual medicine. We also tried to learn whether there are any differences in prescriptions of various doctors according to their expertise or age. The consumption of antidepressants in Pharmcentrum Budějovická in the years 2003 - 2005 had been permanently increasing. It corresponds with the numbers published by the VZP (General Medical Insurance Company). There is the significantly growing consumption of so called 3rd generation antidepressants (SSRI) with the most preferred substance Citalopram. With only minor exceptions the consumption of substances of the other new generations has been also increasing. Such trend complies with the recommendations of...
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The influence of packaging on the microbiological status of meat.
KOURKOVÁ, Dita
This thesis examines the influence of packaging on the microbial condition of beef for sale. The beef - Muscullus semimembranosus - was studied in an unpackaged state, and in the packaging of stretchable plastic wrap, in multilayer polyamide - polyethylene (PA / PE) wrap using a protective atmosphere and using 80% of vacuum into a bag from a multi-layered PA / PE wrap. The beef was stored at refrigerated temperature of +5 ° C. The total number of microorganisms (the number of colony forming units) were examined for 27 days. The compared samples show that the speed of increasing number of microorganisms is dependent on the type of packaging. According to the observed averages the best results are showed at meat packaged into a modified atmosphere and vacuum packaging, where there were no significant differences between these two types. Statistically there were no sigificant differences between the observed types of packaging. Packing in plastic wrap reduced microbial contamination of meat compared to unpackaged meat, but with vacuum packaging and modified atmosphere it could not be compared.
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Residual Strains of Arteries as Forensic Index
Adámek, T. ; Horný, L. ; Chlup, Hynek ; Žitný, R.
It has been known for long time that arteries are pre-strained in situ. These residual strains play crucial role in arterial load-bearing capacity. However, to the best of authors’ knowledge they have never been considered from forensics point of view. This paper concerns a possibility of employing the longitudinal pre-strain of human aortas as an indicator of human subject age. Lengths of abdominal aorta were measured within autopsies before and after segment resection. Longitudinal stretch ratio was calculated for 45 male and 12 female cadavers. It was found that both male and female data samples give approximately the same mean of the stretch ratio = 1.2. The correlation coefficients between the pre-strain and age were R=-0.7926, R=-0.8684 in male and female samples, respectively. Linear regression equation with confidence intervals was employed. The correlation between pre-strain and age seems to be suitable statistics to be used in forensic sciences.
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Managing of geographically dispersed teams
Kašpar, Jakub ; Chocholatý, Drahomír (advisor) ; Chlapek, Dušan (referee)
This work is focused on the comparison of cooperation in local and geographically dispersed teams(GDT). In the first part there are defined terms: team, process and project. The first point of analysis is identification of characteristics, which are essential for functioning of team from organizational view. On these characteristics are shown differences between local teams and GDT. Second point is description of requirements for each of activity categories and marking them according to their importance. Third part is focused on evaluation which activity category best fits to kind of team. Next chapter is focused in problems with culture and social difference. This part provides advices, how to create and manage team in order to minimize cultural and social problems. By using the Geert Hofstedehs indexes are shown differences between several cultures. Last part is focused on person of team manager. There are shown requirements for characteristics and personality of local and GDT team manager. Differences are applied on questions of: determining the roles of individual team member, the correct motivation, and solving problems in the team.
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Cold adaptation of insects: the role of shock proteins from Hsp family.
ŠTĚTINA, Tomáš
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) form evolutionarily conserved group of proteins that are best known for their unique function in repair of miss folded proteins that would otherwise aggregate in cells during stress conditions. The most extensively studied is the inducible Hsp70. Using 3rd instar larvae of transgene mutant of fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster that lacks all copies of hsp70 gene, we assessed: 1) whether the absence of this gene is deleterious for larvae in their capacity to survive cold stress; and 2) whether any other gene from Hsps family may compensate for the loss of hsp70. We found that 1) survival of cold stress is not altered in Hsp- larvae when compared to wild type Hsp+ larvae; 2) there is no other gene of Hsps family that would compensate for the loss of hsp70 at the level of transcription. Our ongoing effort is focusing on analysis of cold stress response at the protein level.
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Possible ways to breach the water supply system a draft of the measures to prevent its abuse in South Bohemia.
SOUKUPOVÁ, Eva
The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on the characteristics of water as the basic structural element of the life on the Earth. It also mentions regulations related to critical infrastructure, water protection and water management. It describes water management system of the Czech Republic and the South Bohemian Region. It similarly characterizes the most probable chemical, biological or radiological water contaminants that might be abused by a man in the case of trespassing into waterworks system objects. The aim of the thesis was to map possible threats to the waterworks system and to propose follow-up measures preventing the South Bohemian Waterworks System from abuse. Upon identification of possible threats in the territory of South Bohemia and from the point of view of the extent of the thesis the text then focuses on intentional threat of waterworks object by a man. The research part first deals with more detailed description of the South Bohemia Waterworks System, from drinking water via its pumping, treatment, storage to its supply to final consumers. The system of drinking water supply to inhabitants of South Bohemia is divided into sectors by means of AKIS method here. A questionnaire to employees working in the water management sphere was based on this division and particularly vulnerability and the level of security measures in the individual South Bohemian Waterworks System sectors was evaluated from the information based on their answers. In the second plan the research part of the thesis focuses on description of security elements used in South Bohemian Waterworks System objects accompanied by my own photo documentation of objects and areas administered by the South Bohemian Waterworks Union. The elements of passive and active protection used by the South Bohemian Waterworks Union are documented and described here. Application of two operation analysis methods relates to this part. Quantitative research of security of waterworks objects based on evaluation of the best secured object of the South Bohemian Waterworks System was first performed. The obtained results enable us to determine which of the South Bohemian Waterworks System premises has the best active and passive security against trespass of unauthorized persons. To assess relevancy of the quantitative security research the method of relative comparison of waterworks objects security and its consequent interpretation by the security index is also used. The security index describes object protection against possible trespass within the whole area of the object. Application of this method brings numeric interpretation and identification of the overall security of the South Bohemian Waterworks System with regard to preference of the monitored parameters. The same result is achieved by both the methods. The applied operation analysis methods have revealed that the heart of the South Bohemian Waterworks System, the Plav drinking water treatment plant, the only drinking water treatment plant of South Bohemia supplying majority of South Bohemia inhabitants with drinking water, is the best protected object. Pumping stations and water towers are further well secured objects. There are also completely unsecured object in the South Bohemian Waterworks System. The conclusion contains some measures that should prevent unauthorized persons from trespassing into all waterworks objects and thus protect drinking water against contamination. As the observation has revealed the protection of waterworks objects should be improved with regard to the worsening safety situation in the world. This also involves the costs the South Bohemian Waterworks Union should invest in security to introduce the most up-to-date security elements into practice. We may conclude that the major part of waterworks objects are secured against abuse both passively and actively.
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The implementation flat tax in Czech Republic
Dvořáček, Alexandr ; Kapinusová, Jana (advisor) ; Zemplinerová, Alena (referee)
The work is dedicated to analyse concept of the implementation flat tax in the Czech Republic. Theoretical part is based on the Tax theory, there are also described basic characteristics of tax systems, their functions and generally accepted fundamentals, which should proper tax system fulfil. Further theoretical part discuss tax theories development and their impact on practical questions about taxation during human history. The last part of the theoretical part is aimed straight at the flat tax. Characterize original concept of the flat tax and brings wider economic society opinions, which are completed by practical experience from the countries, where have been flat tax already implemented. Finally there are some alternatives to the flat tax mentioned, which were in case of the Czech Republic proposed. In practical part there are two tax systems compared, mainly focused on individual groups of tax payers, which differ in gross income and number of family members. I set up six groups of gross income in the way that best fits in the Czech circumstances. Aim is to compare tax burden for individual income groups in both tax systems. Analysis of the impact of the implementation flat tax for the specific income groups of inhabitants together with possible macroeconomic impact on the whole economy shows, whether the flat tax system in the Czech Republic is contibution or not.
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