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Statistical analysis of resocialization care after prison release
Dlouhá, Šárka ; Hlavsa, Tomáš (advisor) ; Michal, Michal (referee)
The level of crime has to be regulated in order to prevent the crime to cause major damage to society. Therefore it is profitable to address criminal recidivism as well. Recidivism is caused by a complicated process of reintegration of people with criminal records back to society. The main goal of this thesis was to find the main factors affecting reintegration process of people after incarceration. The thesis is trying to reach the results by quantitative research, specifically examining the frequencies and dependence of categorical variables. The main factors which influence the reintegration process of people with criminal past are unemployment and indebtedness. These elements are affected by certain demographic factors. These factors also influence the type of criminal activity and the probability of criminal recidivism.
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Transcriptional analysis of genes coding for ion pumps during cold acclimation in drosophilid flies
ŠIMŮNKOVÁ, Petra
The relative abundance of mRNA transcripts of genes coding for {$\alpha$} subunit of Na+K+-ATPase and Vha55 (B) subunit of H+-ATPase were examined (using the qRT-PCR method) in third instar larvae of two fly species, Drosophila melanogaster and Chymomyza costata, that were reared at various acclimation conditions. No differences in mRNA levels were observed in D. melanogaster Malpighian tubules and central nervous system (CNS), when the flies were reared at 25°C or 15°C. C. costata revealed the up-regulation of both ion pump genes in the CNS at 15°C (in comparison to 25°C), and also after the transfer from 25°C to 15°C. This result indicates that compensation of ion pumps function took place at moderately low temperature (still permissive for continuation of activity, growth and development). In contrast, down-regulation of both ion pump genes was seen in the CNS of C. costata larvae at temperature of 5°C. It indicates that channel arrest strategy was adopted at very low temperatures (inducing dormancy).
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Information on the environment
Švecová, Klára ; Franková, Martina (advisor) ; Humlíčková, Petra (referee)
Although these days, we can perceive the right for environmental information as something automated and quite natural in a democratic society, we must realize that it was far from it in the past. Hand in hand with the principle of secretiveness of state administration, the public had virtually no possibility to obtain information concerning not only the state of the environment but also general information concerning almost anything. It is not surprising after all because before 1989, neither the general right for information nor the right for environmental information were protected by law, less alone by the constitution. Nevertheless, the democratic changes which took place after the Velvet Revolution produced changes also in the field of the right for information and this right was, both generally - as a right for information, and specifically - as a right for environmental information, included in the legal regulation of the greatest legal force, the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms, which became a part of the constitutional order of the Czech Republic on the basis of the resolution of the Czech National Council presidium No. 2/1993 Coll. On the basis of its constitutional protection, the right for environmental information was provided for also by law (Act No. 123/1998 Coll.) and...
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Vlastnosti a regulace objemově-závislých aniontových kanálů u astrocytů.
Harantová, Lenka ; Moravec, Jan (referee) ; Anděrová, Miroslava (advisor)
Animal cells need to preserve constant volume in the face of osmolarity perturbations to function properly. To regain their original volume after hyposmotically induced swelling, most cell types extrude intracellular electrolytes and organic osmolytes accompanied by osmotically driven water. This process is termed regulatory volume decrease and is ensured by various ion channels and transporters. Recently, much attention has been focused on the ubiquitous volume-regulated anion channels activated by cell swelling. VRACs are moderately outwardly rectifying with intermediary conductance, permeable to inorganic anions and organic osmolytes and sensitive to broad-spectrum anion channels blockers. Functional properties of VRACs in astrocytes are particularly interesting, because many brain pathologies, such as ischemia, traumatic brain injury or hyponatremia, are associated with marked astrocytic swelling and VRACs could thus constitute a possible target for therapy of cerebral edema. Furthermore, VRACs are thought to play a role in cell cycle progression, cell migration, apoptosis and intercellular communication. Despite intensive research, VRACs molecular identity and mechanism of their activation and regulation are still unclear. This work summarizes known facts about VRACs, accentuating their...
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Mechanisms of activation and modulation of the TRPV1 receptor: relationship between structure and function
Touška, Filip ; Vlachová, Viktorie (advisor) ; Teisinger, Jan (referee)
Vanilloid Receptor Subtype 1 - TRPV1 - is an important member of the TRP ion channel family. The physiological role of this ion channel is to integrate the nociceptive signals from the peripheral nervous system. TRPV1 participates in the detection of noxious stimuli on the primary afferent sensory neurons: of the chemical stimuli, such as capsaicin, resiniferatoxin, inflammatory mediators, endogenous vanilloids, and of the low pH (<6.5), and of the noxious heat stimuli (>43řC). Apart from the high expression on the dorsal root ganglion neurons and trigeminal ganglions, the functional expression of this receptor has been also found in the central nervous system, where its role remains elusive, however. Structural-functional studies which have been carried out since the receptor was first cloned, that is 13 years ago, have revealed several specific characteristics. Nonetheless, a number of questions remain to be answered, particularly those concerning cellular mechanisms and regulation of TRPV1's activation, modulation, and its complex function in the nervous system. The aim of this diploma thesis was to characterize, using electrophysiological and fluorescence techniques, the activation and desensitization kinetics of recombinant TRPV1 receptor in relation to the dynamic changes of intracellular calcium....
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Pharmacological screening of substances with iron chelating activity
Havránková, Lenka ; Jahodář, Luděk (referee) ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor)
v anličtině Iron is an important element involved in many vital processes. Its defficiency stops of cell growth and can lead even to a cell death. On the other hand excess of iron is dangerous for organism because of its catalytic participation on free radical formation. Therefore the amount of iron in the organism has to be meticulously regulated. Iron chelators are used when the organism is iron-overloaded. Flavonoids are vegetal polyphenols derivated from a heterocyclic compounds named flavan. They are an important components of the antioxidant system and are able to react with free radicals and to chelate some metal ions. In this study, nine flavonoids (apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin, rutin, hesperetin, hesperidin, naringenin, naringin and catechin) were tested for their chelation activity and compared with clinically used iron chelator desferrioxamine. Suitable experimental conditions with use of ferrozine as an ferrous ion indicator were found for spectophotometric assesment of iron-chelation efficiency. For assessment of the total chelation, hydroxylamine was used as the reductant. Chelator with the highest chelation activity was clinically used desferrioxamine, from tested flavanoids was the most effective apigenin. Practically ineffective flavanoids were catechin hesperetin, hesperidin,...
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Fish sperm motility parameters and total proteins profiles in seminal plasma during in vivo and in vitro storage
KOLEŠOVÁ, Anna
The effect of gamete storage on sperm quality has received considerable attention in recent years. Previous studies have shown that spermatozoa stored in vivo or in vitro for a long time can lost their motility and fertilization capacity. Moreover, it have been concluded that male fertilization potential is highly dependent, not only on spermatozoa motility parameters, but also on organic components including protein composition of seminal plasma. On the other hand, spermatozoa motility and protein profiles of seminal plasma are highly dependent on conditions of storage. Therefore, additional data about effects of in vivo and in vitro storage on quality sperm parameters and protein composition of seminal plasma are essential for development of fish artificial reproduction methods. In the current work the influence of in vitro and in vivo storage on parameters of sperm motility, DNA integrity, antioxidant defensive system and seminal plasma protein composition were studied. As a conclusion, the results of this study provide new data on sperm quality and quantity parameters of chondrostean and teleost fish species with respect to in vivo and in vitro storage capacities, which should be beneficial for the development of aquaculture of these species. The data confirmed that protein patterns in seminal plasma varied during in vivo storage, depending on time of sperm collection. Furthermore, the altered proteins are probably involved in enzymatic pathways that regulate spermatozoa movement. In practice, the results presented in this thesis should help to improve management and optimize the development of protocols for artificial reproduction.
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The role of FAT/CD36 trasporter in the pathophysiology of heart
Kovalčíková, Jana ; Nováková, Olga (advisor) ; Wasková, Petra (referee)
1. Abstract FAT/CD36 is an 88 kDa glycoprotein that plays a key role in the transport of long- chain fatty acids (LCFA) through the plasma membrane in heart, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. It participates in the fatty acids (FA) transport together with other membrane proteins, which are fatty acid transport proteins (FATP1-6), the plasma membrane fatty acid binding protein (FABPpm) and cytosolic fatty acid binding protein (FABPc). In cardiac tissue are, except FAT/CD36, only represented FABPpm, FATP1 and 6 and heart type of FABPc, referred to as H-FABPc. In addition to this protein mediated FA transport, FA are already known to be transported by passive diffusion. The cell expression of FAT/CD36 is regulated by nuclear peroxisome proliferators- activated receptor (PPAR), in the heart primarily by PPAR- . Inactive FAT/CD36 is found in intracellular depots, while active FAT/CD36 is present on the plasma membrane in lipid rafts. The two most known pathways regulating the FAT/CD36 translocation from the depots to the membrane are the insulin signalling pathway, which involves the activation of the enzyme phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and cardiac contraction activated cascade, which activates adenosinmonophosphate kinase (AMP kinase). Furthermore, FAT/CD36 can as well be regulated by ubiquitination...
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