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The use of comet assay for the estimation of DNA damage during the anticancer chemotherapy.
Voříšková, Jana ; Kovařík, Miroslav (advisor) ; Pávek, Petr (referee)
We have monitored the DNA damage induced by tumor chemotherapy. The combination of platin derivate (cis-platine or carboplatin) and another chemotherapy agent (gemcitabin, paclitaxel or vinorelbin) was applied to patients with lung carcinoma. The whole chemotherapy includes 4 cycles. We have monitored the DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes through the first and the third cycle of chemotherapy and 3 weeks after the last cycle of chemotherapy. For detection we have used comet assay which seems to be accurate and reliable method. Lymphocytes were isolated from whole blood through the medium LSM lymfocyte and then were processed by the alkaline version of the single cell gel electrophoresis. We have analysed single strand breaks (SSB) and interstrand cross links (ICL). For the measurement of ICL isolated lymphocytes were incubated in the presence of 200 µM of styrene oxide (SO) to degrade the DNA by inducing strand breaks. Incubation of peripheral blood lymphocytes with 200 µM SO leads to the formation of comets. If ICLs are present in the DNA, the alkaline unwinding of DNA is blocked and the % of DNA in tail is reduced. Comets were stained with ethidium bromide and then analyzed by the software LUCIA Comet Assay. The damage of DNA caused by SSB before the chemotherapy was relatively low and...
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Long-term analysis of major ambient air pollutants in the Czech Republic
Šmejkalová, Marie ; Hůnová, Iva (advisor) ; Braniš, Martin (referee)
The thesis evaluates the long-term development of concentration of major air pollutants (sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter) at 17 air pollution monitoring stations. Chosen stations include automated monitoring as well as manual measuring stations and the locales cover the range from nature background stations (CR) to industrial and transport sites (in polluted areas of CR). The development of air pollution on the representative set of measurements is supplemented by the progress of pollution inventory of SO2, NOX and particulate matter from man-caused sources, and present state and development of pollution of precipitation and wet deposition in recent years. The pollution data was processed using monthly average concentrations by basic statistical methods of comparing multiple samples and time-series data analysis. Contemporary progress in recent years was considered in evaluation of air pollution, plus progress in the 90s characterised by pronounced changes and preceding period. The surveilled period is concerned mainly with problematics of SO2, from the trend of growing concentrations, across slight decline, followed by rapid decline in the course of the 90s till the present, when the SO2 moves gradually out of focus. The magnitude of decline depends on the locale pollution,...
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Comparison of iron-chelating properties of synthetic iron chelators
Zárubová, Pavla ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Pourová, Jana (referee)
in English Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of pharmacology and toxicology Candidate: Pavla Zárubová Tutor: Přemysl Mladěnka, Ph.D. Name of thesis: Comparison of iron-chelating properties of synthetic iron chelators Iron is an essential element for living cells. Both lack of iron (sideropenia) and iron overload can be dangerous for the organism. Thus, iron homeostasis is maintained on the cellular and whole body levels. Sideropenia may occur as a consequence of increased blood loss/ increased iron need (menarche, gravidity, lactation), lack of iron in food or in derangements of gastrointestinal tract. Iron excess can be caused by acute intoxication, dangerous mainly in children, and also in chronic poisoning, caused by hereditary disorders or especially by frequent blood transfusions during the treatment of some haematological diseases. Iron chelators are a wide group of chemical substances with very variable structure. They have been used therapeutically in different indications for many years and other indications are being researched recently. Traditionally, they are used for chelation therapy in acute intoxication and in chronic iron overload, nowadays they are in the center of research attention in association with cancer and neurodegenerative...
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Aplikace principů pozornosti v online prostředí
Suchý, Miroslav ; Pavlíček, Antonín (advisor) ; Endlar, Lewis (referee)
Attention is today a scarce resource, which is from physiological substance of the human brain to a certain extent limited. Abundance of information that affect the user who grasp the information, cause a mismatch between the information that is infinite and ever growing, and user attention, which is used during the processing of this information. From the perspective of Attention economy, there are principles that explain how attention works. This work aims to verify these principles of attention in the electronic environment by measuring eye movements of sample of tested participants during execution of proposed tasks on particular website. Using a technology called eye-tracking there are collected supportive data on user's allocated attention in context of executed tasks on the website. These data are analysed and compared with the principles of attention. The analysis of the tested sample of website users confirmed that attention principles really corresponds with the measured allocated attention and also revealed a clear relationship between the various measured amounts of attention and subsequent user behaviour, which was nearly identical at most of the observed users. These findings led to the recommendation to respect the principles of attention in the design of any e-environment platform, which should avoid to the main researched problem, the abundance of information and the lack of attention of users in online environment.
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Analysis and modelling the changes of water quality in the Olšava river basin.
Kaiglová, Jana ; Langhammer, Jakub (advisor) ; Kliment, Zdeněk (referee)
The main goal of the thesis is to create an accurate model of the current state of water quality modelling in the river basin. The basin of the Olšava River, as found in the bachelor thesis "Analysis of Water Quality in the Basin", is polluted with large concentrations of total phosphorus PTot. The master thesis analyses sources of nutrients in the basin that is mainly listed in the vulnerable areas indentified under the Nitrates Directive 91/676/EEC, on the protection of waters against pollution caused by nitrates from agricultural sources. For the water resources management and environmental policy is crucial to recognize distribution of pollution sources throughout main categories. The thesis is concerned with the seasonal variability of the average mass concentrations along the river channel. Broadly used mathematical modelling software of water quality is discussed in the sense of reliability, availability and user interface. Last but not least is a suggestion of two improvements of the water quality based on the MIKE Basin modelling software. The main aim of these proposals is to be realistic in the economical and environmental sense. Proposals consider both in point and non-point sources. Key words: Mathematical modelling, MIKE Basin, Water Quality, Water Quality models, Hydrology, Olšava
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Analysis of approaches to emergency zones determining
Kusova, Yana ; Tabas, Marek (referee) ; Kotek, Luboš (advisor)
The current thesis aims to analyze the approaches to the definition of emergency zones in Russia and the Czech Republic. The main goal is to conduct a literature search on this issue and describe different approaches to emergency zones. The practical part includes an assessment of the definition of emergency zones in the case of hazardous chemicals leakage, which is most often the cause of industrial accidents.
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Risk analysis of selected accidents
Vakhrameev, Nikita ; Tabas, Marek (referee) ; Kotek, Luboš (advisor)
This subject of this thesis is the risk analysis of selected accidents. The aim is to analyze risk based on typical accidents, which are the main causes of chemical substances leakage . The practical part includes an estimation of the hazard zones and their impact on each substance, in case of leakage.
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Compounds of terpenic nature in mint plants and the influence of elicitation on them
Jančová, Nikola ; Čáslavský, Josef (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Diploma thesis is focused on study of compounds of terpenic nature in mint plants. Terpenic compounds are volatile hydrocarbons formed by several isoprenoid units with low molecular weight which cause the typical smell of plants. Presence of these compounds cause that plants seem to be fungicidal, bactericidal and insecticidal. Due to these properties, they can be used as botanical pesticides which are not toxic and no resistant organisms occur. Each plant contains relatively low concentrations of these compounds and therefore elicitors must be used for the increasing of terpenes amount. Elicitors activate defensive mechanisms in the plant leading to higher defense abilities and production of secondary metabolites. The identification and quantification of analytes was determined by gas chromatography in connection with mass spectrometry.
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Controversies over attention - deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Hartmannová, Eva ; Seidlová Málková, Gabriela (advisor) ; Klapilová, Kateřina (referee)
This bachelor thesis discusses the matter of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder which is one the most studied mental disorders today. Regarding its rich history of development it elicits many controversies over the diagnosis itself, diagnostic criteria and treatment as well. First of all it deals with the basic characteristics of what the disorders is, what are the diagnostic criteria according to DSM-IV and ICQ-10 and most importantly how do we treat this disorder, which is the topic that evokes the most discussions. The three main questions that I am intruding to answer in the last chapter are, are there comprehensive diagnostic criteria and methods for diagnosing ADHD does the use of stimulants for treatment beget later substance abuse/use, and is the use of stimulants the cause of sudden deaths? The goal of this thesis is to find answers to these questions using and analysing studies, meta-analysis and reviews of literature accomplished by American and British researchers.
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Modification of heat exchanger for steam generation
Pačíska, Tomáš ; Jegla, Zdeněk (referee) ; Nekvasil, Richard (advisor)
This graduation thesis is concerned with a thermal exchange unit issue whereof one working substance complies with a two-phase mode of a flow. This unit is made for the steam generation. The thesis is supposed to solve operation problems causes of the given unit and to make a proposal of an appropriate solution that is supported by performed calculations. Part of the the work is strength calculation. This work also introduces the thermal-hydraulic processes issue of the steam generation equipment. There are also performed thermal-hydraulic control calculations in consideration of newly set-up operation parameters of the given equipment‘s working substances.
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