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Regenerace kovového zinku z úletového prachu ZnO
Dvořák, P. ; Jandová, J. ; Jiřičný, Vladimír
ZnO fly dust arising during the zinc removal from galvanized low alooy sheets was investigated on a laboratory scale to obtain electrolytic zinc. The electrolysis was performed with refined zinc suplhate leach liquors and/or with untreated zinc caustic solutions. Effects of operational variables on Zn electrowinning have been studied for sulphate and caustic electrolytes in conventional and spouted bed electrochemical cells.
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Mass spectrometry in proteomics: structural biology and clinical applications
Pavlásková, Kateřina ; Šulc, Miroslav (advisor) ; Obšilová, Veronika (referee) ; Hernychová, Lenka (referee)
Mass spectrometry (MS) is a rapid, specific and very sensitive analytical method with a broad spectrum of proteomic applications such as protein identification and sequencing, 3D protein structure characterization or study of protein-protein interaction. The introduction of two ionization techniques in late 1980's that are able to ionize the large biomolecules such as proteins, oligosaccharides or nucleic acids with no or low fragmentation has started the rapidly expanding field of MS-based proteomics. The presented thesis was aimed at the application of mass spectrometric approaches to answer several proteomic questions. Firstly we have employed the chemical cross-linking in combination with MS analysis to solve the 3D structure and protein-protein interactions of three model systems: (1) homodimeric human regulatory protein 14-3-3, (2) model of 14-3-3 and regulatory domain of tyrosine hydroxylase, and (3) system of two membrane proteins, cytochrome P450 2B4 and cytochrome b5, involved in xenobiotics biotransformation. This approach works in aqueous solutions under physiological conditions and thus preserves native structure of the investigated proteins. The second part of the thesis was focused on MS identification of proteins/peptides in fungal spores of Aspergillus and Pseudallescheria...
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DIET EFFECT ON TOOTH DECAY WITH INDEX KPE EVALUATION IN BLANSKO
VAŠÍČKOVÁ, Pavlína
Regular development of our teeth is the result of reciprocal induction processes with continual development stages. The non-interrupted development of the organism is the basic precondition of healthy dental tissues. It is, therefore, necessary to be aware of the fact that everybody takes on full responsibility for their own health. If we want to have clean and healthy teeth without tooth ache, oulitis and other problems we must take proper dental care. Tooth decay is the most widespread disease affecting the humankind from of old and proper dental care is, therefore, very important. Deteriorating dental tissues result in tooth decay and have various speed and intensity. Tooth decay affects tooth enamel, get to dental pulp and consequently may cause neuritis the result of which is prolonged pain. In the worst case, abscess may appear. The consequences may become the source of protracted disorders of permanent teeth development. Stomatologists can introduce to us the basics of proper dental care. The first visit at the dentist is recommended before a problem appears. If some problems occur it is necessary to visit the dentist sooner, then the regular preventive exams follow. At least twice a year, we should undergo preventive checkups. Regular monitoring of dental health is important especially for the early identification of undesirable changes in our teeth and gums. Relationship between the dentist and child is also very important. Factors that are important for the prevention of teeth damage are motivation, suitable diet, physical condition, physical education, regular mouth hygiene performed with the use of chemical and mechanical applications. Using of fluoride, changes in life style, suitable eating habits and hygiene habits are also important. If a person develops bad eating habits at a young age the risk tooth decay is becoming more probable. Unhealthy nutrition causes metabolism disorders that result in the increased occurrence of tooth decay and mucosa disease in oral cavity. The nutrition composition is important also for the mineralization and development of hard adenoblasts. Not balanced nutrition leads to the poor development of man and, therefore, to the easier occurrence of the tooth decay. Most serious problems are caused by sugars as bacteria use it as a source, and acids as the subsequent products diminish tooth enamel, dentine or dental pulp. Alcohol, drugs and smoking are counted among other risk factors with negative influence on dentition. Eating disorders are the opposite of healthy and correct eating habits. They are often encountered in diseases connected mainly with lack of appetite. The excessive intake of food occurs especially in obese children. Strengthening of dental tissues resistance, supporting the mineralization process and protection against the bacteria creation is supported by fluorine. For the healthy development of tissues the intake of calcium, phosphor, proteins, minerals and vitamins is important. A very important part of the rational nutrition represent milk and cheese. Pregnant women and nursing mothers especially should follow an appropriate diet. Apart from others consequences, the nutrition structure influences the composition and amount of saliva. Chewing of gum that increases the production of saliva serves also to the teeth cleaning and balances the mouth pH. Chewing can even be better than tooth brushing with toothpaste. Teeth are the symbol of energy and vital force. Poor teeth show lack of immunity and represent the sign of lowering vitality.
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Fytochemical potencial of polyfenols contain in berries
KRUMPHANZLOVÁ, Iva
This thesis sums up findings on polyphenols and their positive influence on human health. In these fytochemicals, unlike in micronutrients, recommended daily amount cannot be estimated. Micronutrient deficiency in food can cause deficiency symptoms, while in polyphenol deficiency, the deficiency does not occur. When they are present in sufficient amount in food, it is considered functional food, which is important for civilization illnesses prevention. At the beginning of the theoretical part, the polyphenol classification from pharmacological and chemical point of view is represented. On the basis of this classification important role of antioxidants and flavonoids is described. Special attention is being paid to resveratrol, which is populardue to its well known "French paradox". The following part considers the polyphenol influence on human health. The way in which polyphenols protect our body from certain diseases is explained in detail. Most of the health benefits are supported by studies conducted on animals. These studies are also mentioned and described in this paper. In the theoretical part the process of absorption and the polyphenols safety for human body is also explained. Polyphenol sources are listed in the last subchapter. The work is mainly aimed at blueberry fruits (Vaccinium myrtillus) and vine grapes (Vitis vinifera). Other berries are briefly mentioned as well, such as cranberries, raspberries, blackberries and currant. The goal of this work is to create a diet that would provide a functional daily amount of polyphenols. This amount can be compared to 120 ml of native blueberries. Only products, consumable without cooking, are used in this diet. The second goal is to chart, which food products are adequate source of polyphenols. On the basis of these goals, research inquiries were defined. Research inquiry No. 1: What amount of polyphenols is contained in berries, especially blueberries. Research inquiry No. 2: Which food products (without cooking) are ideal to be included in diet, to provide adequate daily amount of polyphenols. To asses polyphenol content in blueberries, analysis of polyphenol content acquired through GEOMED program from Nemocnice České Budějovice a.s., department of clinical pharmacology, was used. Assessments were made using the HPLC method (high performance liquid chromatography) in cooperation with the biological centre AV ČR in České Budějovice. Thanks to this analysis, the first inquiry can be answered. An interesting phenomenon is discovered, that frozen blueberries have higher polyphenol content then cooled ones. Malvidin (malvidin-3-6"-acetoyl glycoside) was chosen as priority anthocyan since it is most represented in the blueberry. Remaining information about polyphenol content in certain food products were drawn on Joseph Maroon´s book, MD, FACS (2010). The practical part involves a diet for 14 days, which meets the given requirements. The results clearly show that it is possible to create a diet rich in polyphenols. A list of blueberry products accessible to everyone is included. Blueberry dairy products, jams, beverages, fruit salads and fruit pyre have been analysed. The list shows which product contains the most polyphenols. The required amount can be achieved by the proper combination of given products. The ideal one proved to be 200 ml of red wine and one blueberry dairy product (with the malvidin value higher than 64). Findings in this paper will serve to promote polyphenol awareness and itseffects. This diet can be used in nursing homes, where their positive influence on equilibrium can be applied. It can also be used in spas and other alimentation related facilities.
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Methods of monitoring the profile of carnitine metabolites in urine and use in clinical diagnosis
NOVÁKOVÁ, Martina
This study deals with the profiling of carnitine metabolites in the urine of the patients with breast cancer. L-carnitine is a chemical compound that is very important for metabolism of lipids, and therefore some current research suggests that it could serve as a means for the treatment of cancer affecting various organs or tissues. The theoretical part deals with the general characteristics and a description of the L-carnitine and its effect on the body. This part is divided into chapters that summarize various information about L-carnitine and acylcarnitines, for example the metabolism, different effects in the body including a description of responses to the lack of these substances, or methods that can be used for the detection of L-carnitine levels. Methods of monitoring L-carnitine were described in detail and were compared with previously published scientific studies. The authors of scientific studies show procedures, advantages and disadvantages of the proposed methods for determining L-carnitine and acylcarnitines, that were examined in this work in detail and the method for the determination of carnitine metabolites in urine has been proposed. A brief description of the most using methods for the determination of L-carnitine metabolites by liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC / MS) is done the end of this part. I have been motivated with a positive results of studies and I have used this method for analysis in my work. In the research part of my study, the sample preparation protocol and conditions for the application of the method are described. The samples from the hospital of České Budějovice have been obtained from patients with fresh breast cancer diagnosis. In this part, the treatment of samples prior to detection, the used materials, equipment, chemicals, process and device settings for analysis were described. The method provided chromatograms and mass spectra of the individual substances. Samples of patients were compared with samples of control group of healthy women, which enabled us to observe possible differences. For clarity, the graph was drawn up and it was possible to monitor only slight differences between the levels of carnitine metabolites in women with breast cancer versus the control samples. This difference is not statistically significant, especially because the variability between individuals is higher of an order of magnitude than the actual differences between the two groups. This result is due to the fact that the study has not included additional information on patients such as information about their medications or health style, the overall condition of the body, etc. A detailed study requires a systematic and very time consuming work, which was not the aim of my thesis. Liquid chromatography with hydrophilic interactions method associated with mass detector used for monitoring of L-carnitine and its metabolites profiles gives positive results, is not time consuming, affordable and above all allow suitable for the detection of substances that have been selected for my work.
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Pharmacy in the Region of Ústí within Temporal Metamorphoses
Černá, Petra ; Dohnal, František (advisor) ; Rusek, Václav (referee)
1 ABSTRACT Charles University in Prague Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Social and clinical pharmacy Autor: Petra Černá Supervisor: Doc. PhDr. František Dohnal, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Pharmacy in the region of Usti and its changes in the time Background: Objective of this diploma thesis is taking down outlines of the historical development of pharmacy in the town of Ústí nad Labem from the beginning up to now. The development of pharmacy is following in context of historical development of the town and surrounding region. At the same time there is a connection between principal termini of health service and historical development of pharmacy. This thesis deals with chronological description of particular pharmacies in the town of Ústí nad Labem. The last part is concerned with changes of pharmaceutical service after 1989 up to this date. This thesis also deals with pharmaceutical and chemical industry, its development and changes in time. Methods: Basic orientation of questions and original position for drawing up this thesis give me, besides textbooks and memoirs, pharmaceutical yearbooks, calendars, almanachs and other occasional press The pharmaceutical historical Library of the Czech pharmaceutical museum in Kuks provides me all these printed sources of information. Some...
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Gene silencing of ICAM-1 by lysine modified oligonucleotides
Kocourková, Aneta ; Štaud, František (advisor) ; Nachtigal, Petr (referee)
Conjugation of ligands to antisense oligonucleotides is a promising approach for enhancing their effects on gene expression. In this study 2'-O-lysylaminohexyl group was linked to the uridine base, which replaces one, two or three thymine bases thus modifies the oligonucleotides. This exchange of bases was tested for improvement of silencing target protein expression. Effectivity of modifications in silencing target protein expression was examined with the alicaforsen sequence (DNA) and siRNA. Alicaforsen, currently in clinical trial 3, is a phosphorothioate targeting ICAM-1, which was the model used to evaluate the influence of modifications. The same target was chosen for siRNA to compare the efficiency of DNA and siRNA substances. For the first time, down-regulation of ICAM-1 was shown on the blood brain barrier cell line ECV304. Unmodified/modified antisense oligonucleotides and siRNA sequences were transfected into ECV304 cells with the help of a transfection agent lipofectamine 2000. After 24 hours of transfection cells were disrupted by a chemical lysis. Protein concentrations were determined by Bradford protein assay. ICAM-1 inhibition was assessed with western blot. The inhibitory effect of ICAM-1 was normalized to the corresponding actin and untreated cells. ICAM-1 protein levels were...
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Troxerutin and its therapeutic use
Zuranová, Jana ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Pávek, Petr (referee)
This diploma thesis is aimed at description characteristics and use of troxerutin in the clinical and the experimental practice. The first part of this thesis describes flavonoids as original substance. It includes theirs classification, chemical structure, common and potentionally beneficial pharmacodynamics properties. The main part of this thesis characterizes troxerutin. Troxerutin is a semisynthetic derivate of rutin. Its pharmacodynamics activities has been used therapeutically in the treatment of chronic venous insufficiency for more 30 years. Its positive is based on its antithrombotic, fibrinolytic, odemaprotective, blood viscosity and leukocyte endothelium-wall adherence decresing properties. Troxerutin directly affects erythrocytic aggregation particullary marked at high doses and it facilitation higher afflux of blood to the microcirculation. Its antioxidative effect is important too. The main indications of troxerutin at the present are chronic venous insufficiency and hemorrhoids. Simultaneously is experimentaly examined in a range of disorder, for example in the therapy of common cold, diabetic retinopathy and lymphoedema. In the Czech republic, troxerutin is available perorally in the form (Cilkanol® , Ginkor fort® and Venoruton® ) and locally as gel in Venoruton® gel.
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Study of interspecies differences in plasma protein binding of 18F-labeled radiopharmaceuticals
Pašková, Barbora ; Konečná, Klára (advisor) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Mgr. Barbora Pašková The study of antimycotic activity of newly synthetized substances Rigorous thesis Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Study program: Pharmacy Background: The aim of this rigorous thesis was to evaluace the antimycotic activity of 77 substances prepared at the Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové of Charles University in Prague. Method: The substances were tested by the microdilution broth method and all substances were tested at eight strains of yeasts and filamentous fungi. The tested substances were divided into five groups according to their chemical structure to salicylanilide carbamates, sulfoneamide ureas - derivates of sulphamethoxazole, sulphonamide imidazolidinetriones - derivates of sulphamethoxazole, derivates of isoniazide and substances with disunited structure. Results: The highest antimycotic activity was discovered in group of salicylanilide carbamates. There were tested 28 derivates of this group, from which 18 of them showed antimycotic activity. On the other hand, substances from group of derivates of isoniazide showed no antimycotic activity. The most susceptible strain was Trichophyton mentagrophytes and the most resistant was strain Aspergillus fumigatus. Conclusions: To...
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