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Female artistic celebrities in Czech creative culture in the 50's and 60's of the 20th century
Štroblová, Kateřina ; Matějů, Martin (referee) ; Czumalo, Vladimír (advisor)
The era of the years 1948 - 1968 in Czechoslovakia was full of historical reversions and events. Also sociocultural scene passed in this period through important changes. From the repressions of the fifties through "the golden sixties" to the "normalisation" of the seventies; all in the shadow of communist totality. Beside the official art under the dictate of socialist realism the antinomic movements occured here; connecting at prewar modern and avantgarde at the beginning. After enforcing the abandoning of the interdict of art groups, the artists began to associate themselves to different groups, based on friendship or collective artistic opinions. Many of these artists (as Václav Boštík, Stanislav Kolíbal, Adriena Šimotová, Eva Kmentová, Karel Malich, Karel Nepraš) are considered as ones of the most outstanding artistic personalities of the Czech art of the second half of 20th century. A specific phenomenon in art of the fifties and sixties was the onset of expressive women artists - both in Europe and America and Czech lands. On the Czech scene these artists were mostly associated in art groups, but several authors who created independently on these groups have appeared. The main part of this work are the portraits of these women artists and an attempt to find some common themes and artistic activities...
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Myth: Socialist Realism
Brederová, Tatiana ; Vinař, Josef (advisor) ; Boková, Marie (referee)
In my work Ifocus on the socialistic realism drama in Czechoslovakia, which was formed during the period 1948-1956 (playwrights such as Vojtěch Cach, Václav Káňa, Peter Karvaš, Štefan Králik, Ján Skalka...). The aim of my work is to define the unified signs of dramatic works, declared by Andrei Zhdanov, and to analyze the means of mass manipulation in these works.
The main part of my work is the analysis of mythological conception of the socialistic realism drama. I do so by comparing the socialistic society and culture with those of Ancient world and Christian society. For this analysis I use the work of Carl Gustav Jung and Karl Kerényi Science of Mythology, as well as the modern interpretation of mythology today in the work Mythologies written by Roland Barthes.
In the chapter Socialistic Mythology I look for concrete analogies with Ancient and Christian mythology. For example, I specify the principal signs of mythologies, such as the psychological origins of myths, the myth of the original chaos, icons and rituals in mythologies, morals and the social stratification. By investigating these signs I assume to find analogies with socialistic perception and interpretation of the world.
Third chapter is dedicates to the analysis of ?ideolanguage? and ?ideologics?, terms defined by Mikhail Epstein. I analyze the specific vocabulary of communist era drama and the semantic structure.
In the last chapter I analyze the concrete dramatic works as a result of further investigation of myth as such. I apply terms of Roland Barthes, such as naturalization and inflexion. These terms are according to Barthes typical for myths and I consider them also relevant for my study of socialistic realism. This way I try to characterize the intention of socialistic garniture to ?engineer human souls?.
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In the land of steel and lyres. Subjects and ideology in culture of Czech Stalinism (1948-1953)
Schmarc, Vít ; Bílek, Petr (advisor) ; Bauer, Michal (referee) ; Šámal, Petr (referee)
Thesis In The Land of Lyres and Steel is an analysis of official culture of the high Stalinist period in Czechoslovakia (1948-1953) based on up to date concepts of ideology. For them ideology as such is not a notion of an error, misunderstanding or manipulation but true condition of social being as an interaction of subject in inter-subjective structure. Main aim of the thesis consists in semiotic mapping and criticism of ideology; therefore it reconstructs mechanisms, by which reality is created by and in ideology - including parts that were repressed to hide antagonisms in ideological structures. Material for this analysis comes mostly from the works of young authors, whose poetics and fantasy were artistically formed in the Stalinist period. This thesis is not trying to go on in common fashion: looking for universal and uniform but on the contrary - to search for unique and distinctive. Using the concepts of socialist realism common in Anglo-Saxon tradition it perceives this cultural-political system not as ultimate product of supreme power but as active horizon of negotiation between subject and ideology. The conclusions are partial observations on the level of basic appellations of ideology: reproduce, transform, include / exclude and their realization in different fictional worlds of poetry, which are...
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The Problem of the National Progress in the Political Conceptions of the Polish Elites at the Beginning of the 20th Century
Květina, Jan ; Doubek, Vratislav (advisor) ; Kaleta, Petr (referee)
The principle aim of this paper is to analyse the perception of the national idea in the Polish area at the beginning of the 20th century in dependence on ideological discourse of the different political parties. In this respect we can identify two paradigms as the main competitors in the Polish case, namely the modern nationalism, which was represented by the National Democratic Party, and socialism, which was splitted due to the contradictory attitudes about the national question into two factions, the Polish Socialist Party and the Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania. As the initial concept of the national identity, which the modern conceptions were forced to face, is possible to consider the legacy of the so called "noble republicanism", that identified the Polish nationality with the loyalty and willingness to the collective aims. Within the context of the negative inspiration of the political concepts as a stable trend of the Polish thought both nationalist and socialist discourse attempted to refuse the tradition of the noble identity and also the political principles and cultural "organic work" of the positivists. However, the detailed comparison of national-democratic and socialist approach to the Polish question proved, that both mutually antagonistic conceptions did not avoid...
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Trial as a Theatre - Milada Horáková Trial and its Literary and Theatre Adaptations
Konvalinková, Veronika ; Heczková, Libuše (advisor) ; Bílek, Petr (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the theatricality of Milada Horáková and company trial and its theatrical reflections. In this thesis, the political trial is regarded as an ideological fiction on the grounds of the ritual and theatrical character. The dramas, which are inspired with this trial, are interpreted in the following chapters. First of them, it deals with Pařeniště by E. F. Burian in the context of the socialist realism, which was put on the stage in a short time after this trial. It paid attention to re-putting on the stage in 2008 as well. The last part of this thesis deals with contemporary productions, which are inspired with this trial (Horáková, Gottwald by Karel Steigerwald and opera Tomorrow will... by Aleš Březina and Jiří Nekvasil), which depict absurdity and bizzare atmosphere of this trial.
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Socialistic life-style in choosen Czechoslovakian press
Dlabáčková, Barbora ; Köpplová, Barbara (advisor) ; Jarošová, Helena (referee)
Thesis deals with life in socialistic Czechoslovakia in two chosen newspaper perspective. Thesis examines how in Lidová demokracie (published all over the republic) and Pochodeň (published in region of east Bohemia) informed about life-style, what a reader could know from their articles. Life- style is a wide topic, that is why we have chosen just these areas: flat building, culture of building concerning flat lay-out, furniture, textiles and decorations, next leisure time activities focused mainly on recreation represented by mass union recreation, pioneer camp, "cottaging" and camping. Last area is fashion as an integral part of life-style. Fashion is aimed at woman's fashion. In socialism, man's fashion was nost interesting topis. Those texts we have found are divided also into trhee groups - news, publicism and advertisements. To category of publicism we included also advices for household, recipes and theis kind of texts. In advertisements, we used also consumer's goods you can use at home or during your holidays (kitchen machines, televisors, tents etc.). We were interesed not only in exact topicsthat we could find in above spoken areas, but also in regional aspect adn its demonstration in Pochodeň and also who exactly the authors of those articles were. We also compared memories and experience of...
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The body and corporality in the service of socialist realism
Marešová, Ina ; Bílek, Petr (advisor) ; Schmarc, Vít (referee)
Ina Marešová The body and corporality in the service of socialist realism Abstract The thesis analyses images of the body and embodiment during socialist realism in poetry, prose and periodicals between 1945 and 1956 as well as during the so-called 'normalization' period in Czechoslovakia. Individual forms of embodiment are presented via a system of binary oppositions (individual - collective body, public - private, functional - dysfunctional, male - female, beautiful - ugly etc.), on the basis of which it attempts to demonstrate how the 'natural' symbolism of the body became a tool for representing a specific value system. The thesis describes the coming to terms of socialist realism with the individualised and fragmented body as a legacy of naturalism, the avant-garde and surrealism through the adaptation of the individual body to typified resemblances (images of the enemy, man, woman, leader). These emblematic reductions were, in many cases, taken from popular literature which, despite being rejected by socialism, guaranteed popularity amongst readers and was intelligible to the largest part of the population. The highest level of embodiment was the staging of the collective body, the 'spartakiada' performances, which were co-responsible for creating the myth of national unity, discipline and the will to...
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President Charles de Gaulle and his policy towards Soviet Union
Vadászová, Petra ; Nechvátal, Martin (advisor) ; Krines, Vlastimil (referee)
The aim of this work is to clarify and describe how France diplomatically and politically acted on the international stage before the outbreak, during and after the World War II, but also to propose a closer look at the situation on the European continent during the Cold War, summarize the origins of European integration and European Defence Policy from french point of view as a great power with undermined position, but with the confident and uncompromising general Charles de Gaulle at the head. And to find out how much the general's personality influenced the international relations durring the Cold War era. Focusing on relations with the Soviet Union emerged from the particularities of these relations. In this work, I shall devote their development, the military alliance, through the coolness of relations after the war, then their mutual rapprochement after a visit of general de Gaulle in Moscow in 1966 and the beginning of long-term business relations between France and the socialist part of Europe in the context of the international situation.
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Duality of Europe: historical-geographical analysis of the development and its delimitation
Nováček, Aleš ; Jeleček, Leoš (advisor) ; Baar, Vladimír (referee) ; Gurňák, Daniel (referee)
14 Charles University in Prague Faculty of Science Department of Social Geography and Regional Development Aleš Nováček DUALISM IN EUROPE: HISTORICAL-GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND ITS DELIMITATION Summary Prague 2010 15 The Twentieth Century gave the European structure as well as the world new face. However, this assertion is true only partially. Behind these "fresh" traces as results of more and more intensive and dynamic development there are still hidden hundred-year-old fundaments which, thanks to their influence, continuously determine and jointly form the current geographical structure of Europe, including its special contours and division. Looked at from the most general level, the European structure was at least till the year 1989 clear: on one side there was the capitalist and democratic West and on the other side the socialistic and communistic East. It was this period when the dual perception of Europe became dominant, not only in the geopolitical concepts of the literature focused on this field but also in the perception of the public itself. The fact that the phenomenon of dualism in Europe is clear and continually followed from the ancient times till the present days makes this conception even more stable. This continuum can be also found behind the fact that not even after the...
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Totalitariankitsch and underground. The semiotic model.
Kubíček, Jan ; Bílek, Petr (advisor) ; Špirit, Michael (referee)
As a consequence of a process of semiotic totalization of public life in totalitarian societies, a system of social, esthetic, ethic and language norms becomes radically altered. This system is partially described in Totalitarian kitsch section, in chapters called Totality, Kitsch, Art, Language, Esthetics and Myth. In a passage called Underground, totalitarian realism and Egon Bondy's and Ivan Vodseďálek's gauche poetry is interpreted as a model reply on totalitarian society conditions. A concept of total poetry is introduced. We ask a question: what actually total poetry is, if not an art? Eleven answers are being sequentially found: 1. it is a complex of apocryphal texts of socialistic realism, 2. it is a game about art, 3. it is culture at the phase of being born, 4. a method of phenomenological reduction, 5. a language game, 6. de-construction of myth, 7. occupation of game position within totalitarian society, 8. a myth, 9. a semiotic clearance process carried out through semiotic rage, 10. symbolization of reality and realization of symbol, 11. call for a game. In the end, we try to define total poetry in relationship to avant-garde, modern art and postmodernism. Three points have been discussed in a chapter called Kitsch and underground: 1. recapitulation of acceptation of Egon Bondy's and...
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