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The living standards of Czech households
Hálová, Renata ; Procházková, Radka (advisor) ; Jana, Jana (referee)
The aim of the Diploma Thesis was to evaluate the contemporary state of the living standards of the households in the Czech Republic. The sources were statistical data on the one hand, on the other hand, there was the point of view of the Czech inhabitants. The theoretical part consists of the basic definitions summary, explanations of the diverse attitudes to evaluation of the living standards and description of indicators that influence the process of living standards. The practical part analyses the living standards development based on the data from the Czech Statistical Office. Alongside, there were used data from the Czech Social Science Data Archiv. The data were acquired in the public opinion poll Our Society 2015 executed by the Public Opinion Research Center. There was ascertained, that the living standard of the households in the Czech Republic is growing. There was also discovered, which factors influence the living standards and in which way. The final part provides the appraisal of the results.
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Statistical crime analysis in the Olomouc Region
Chomová, Lucie ; Prášilová, Marie (advisor) ; Irena, Irena (referee)
The thesis deals with the issue of crime in the Olomouc Region, analysis for a certain period and further possibilities and suggestions how to reduce crime in the region. The theoterical part deals with definition of the central concepts, the specification of individual types of crime and the possibilities of analysis crime. The practical part evaluates the Olomouc Region in terms of solved problems, especially in areas that crime influencing, for example composition of the population, their education and labour market. Subsequently, it is presented and analyzed crime in the Olomouc Region during the reporting period and compared with crime in the Czech Republic. In conclusion summarizes suggestions how to fight crime and reduce it.
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Human behaviour in crisis situation
Radová, Markéta ; Kebza, Vladimír (advisor) ; Daniel, Daniel (referee)
This dissertation thesis is based on behavior of human in crisis situations, and the focus is on stressful situations that police officers are involved in. The thesis defines basic concepts issues, analysis not just of the stressful situations, but also reaction to them, furthermore characteristics of the studied group and it lays out some of the general recommended stress management techniques.
Performance of the municipal police in the Czech Republic are so specific, that the foreign principles were mentioned only marginally, and only because of the complex transnational perspective.
The practical part of the final paper is focussed on identifying the most stressful situations that threaten officers and policemen in their work. This empirical research was conducted at pre-selected locations, so that they can compared with the capital city Prague to the results of smaller towns, villages at several locations in the Czech Republic.
In addition, techniques were examined for coping with stress for the municipal police, and from the perspective of the individual police officer.
In conclusion, there are specific recommendations to the data found in the survey.
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The position of small and medium enterprises in the Czech Republic
Polívková, Aneta ; Pletichová, Dobroslava (advisor) ; Zdena, Zdena (referee)
The presented thesis deals with a specific definition of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the Czech Republic. It evaluates the status of SMEs in the Czech economy in terms of their position in raising funds, especially from the banking sector in order to ensure stability and growth.
The thesis deals with the explanation of basic concepts and categories in the field of business in the theoretical part, the position of SMEs in the economy, their development, contribute to the economic stability of the country and the impact on employment. There is also a support concept in the years 2014 - 2020 characterized by the thesis. Impacts of the economic crisis on SMEs and intervention by the Government of the Czech Republic are mentioned as well. Financing options are presented in detail.
The practical part is devoted to a financial analysis of the selected company, evaluation of resulting indicators and determination of conditions for granting business loans. Recommendations for the chosen company are presented in the conclusion part, with regard to their situation within the issue of financing potential investment in fixed assets.
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Development of public debt in Czech republic
Dvořáková, Eva ; Maitah, Mansoor (advisor) ; Anna, Anna (referee)
The subject of this diploma thesis is to analyse the development of public debt in the Czech Republic between years 1993 and 2014. The text is divided into two main parts, the section about theoretical basis of this topic and the section which contains practical knowledge about specific aspects of the Czech public sector. The theoretical part briefly defines basic terms and facts of the public debt, such as public sector, budgetary system and public debt classification. The second part focuses on real-life functioning of the Czech public sector, so there are introduced Czech budgetary system and budget process and various methodological frameworks for debt analyses. The final and most significant part of the thesis deals with the real values of state, municipality and government indebtedness, emphasis is placed on the development trends.
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Cloud computing in the sector of small and medium enterprises
Tylče, Jiří ; Šilerová, Edita (advisor) ; Hřebejková, Jana (referee)
This bachelor thesis focuses on the use of the cloud computing in the sector of small and medium enterprises in the Czech Republic. Theoretical part explores the basic terms, various divisions, and history relative to cloud computing. Also there are main information about virtualization. At the conclusion of the theoretical part there are summarized main advantages and disadvantages of using cloud computing. In the practical part there is analysed the use of cloud computing through a questionnaire survey. In this section there are also evaluated and graphically displayed partial results of the survey.
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Towards a better understanding of ungulate diets: a methodological approach
Holá, Michaela ; Červený, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Stádník, Luděk (referee)
Populations of European ungulates have grown substantially over recent decades, resulting in considerable environmental and socio-economic impacts. Availability and quality of natural and supplemental food sources are among the main factors driving their population dynamics. Detailed knowledge of feeding strategies of management-targeted species is therefore of primary importance for their successful management. Over time, methods to study the feeding strategies of animals have also evolved considerably but each has its advantages as well as limitations. This doctoral thesis uses a combination of traditional methods (i.e. stomach content analysis) and novel methods (i.e. stable isotope analysis, near infrared reflectance spectroscopy) to achieve a better understanding of feeding strategies of two important ungulate species (i.e. wild boar and red deer) in the Czech Republic, where their populations are on the rise and supplementary feeding is rampant. Next, this dissertation aims to introduce and to establish a basis for these novel methodological approaches for the study of free-ranging individuals. In this respect, it also addresses methodological issues related to their application in this field.
The diet composition of wild boar was investigated by examining stomach contents in order to identify their dependence on food resources of human origin (i.e. agricultural crops and supplemental foods). Foods of human origin were the dominant diet type and constituted the bulk of the diet of wild boar throughout the year. A necessary prerequisite for application of stable isotope analysis is the trophic discrimination factor (i.e. systematic difference between the isotopic composition of the consumer tissues and that of the diet), which was experimentally determined for stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes, the two most commonly used in ecology, in hair tissue of wild boar and red deer. Furthermore, possible sources of variation (such as sex, age, body weight, and lactation) on isotopic discrimination were investigated. The results of the experiments provide a starting point for the successful use of stable isotope analysis in field studies on wild boar and red deer. Finally, application of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy was proven to be useful in measuring faecal indices of food quality for red deer. The results of this thesis will contribute towards efficient management of wild boar and red deer in the Czech Republic.
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Effect of climatic and environmental variables on changes in numbers and migratory behaviour of wintering and migrating waterbirds.
Adam, Matyáš ; Musil, Petr (advisor) ; Bejček, Vladimír (referee)
Waterbirds with their specific habitat and food requirements varying during their annual cycle (Riffell et al. 2003; Taft and Haig 2006) are able to indicate the wetland diversity and quality due to their rapid responses on changes in environment (Delany 1999; Fernández et al. 2005; Amat and Green 2010). Remarkable land cover changes and climate warming led to significant shifts in distribution and abundance of many waterbird species across Europe in recent decades (Delany et al. 2006; Fox et al. 2010; Lehikoinen et al. 2013; Pavón-Jordán et al. 2015). To understand the dynamic of migratory birds in space and time and to assess effects of global conditions as well as local conditions of individual sites during their annual cycle there is need of international monitoring and research. Since the start of International Waterbird Census in 1967 both increasing and decreasing trends have been recorded in nearly fifty percent of waterbird species in Western Palearctic (Delany et al. 2006, Wetlands International 2016) and they consequently have affected trends in particular countries, including the Czech Republic. Wetland sites in the Czech Republic are generally situated on the edge of wintering range of most waterbird species (Gilissen et al. 2002), however the prevailing increase in abundance of waterbird species has been recorded here in recent decades (Musil et al. 2011). Though, the considerable growth of winter temperatures has not been noticed in the Czech Republic (Klein Tank et al. 2002; Musilová et al. 2009; Dušek et al. 2013), and the accessibility of the wetland sites, due to their freezing, varies year to year. Hence, we can assume that waterbirds have likely began using the alternative habitats with available food resources, i.e. cold-weather refuges, probably regardless of their conservation status (Musilová et al. 2015). Special protection areas were implemented to Czech legislation in 2004 to protect migratory birds (Birds Directive 2009/147/EC). So far there has not been tested the effectivity and impact of legislative protection on wintering waterbird species. Moreover, some previous studies indicated that SPA network do not match the species distribution pattern (López-López et al. 2007; Briggs et al. 2012; Albuquerque et al. 2013), so this issue urgently calls for scientific research.
The second part of the thesis focused on Greylag Geese, whose abundance has rapidly grown across the Europe in recent decades (Madsen et al. 1999; Fox et al. 2010), and that have become ideal model species to observe their responses to habitats and climate changes as well as their reactions to human disturbance (Fox and Madsen 1997; Ramo et al. 2015). This requires appropriate knowledge of geese distribution, abundance and their behaviour. Since 1930s, when the geese started to be ringed in the Czech Republic, the ringing intensity have markedly varied and have been reflected in numbers of recoveries. In last ten years the intensity have increased (Podhrazský 2010). However, complex of the historical data until 2002 (Cepák et al. 2008) and recent data have not been analysed so far. In the light of recent shifts in wintering ranges and migration phenology of many goose populations these analyses require increased attention. Furthermore, the satellite monitoring of geese is coming to detect more detailed information about behaviour of individuals.
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Plasmodiophora brassicae on winter rape
Řičařová, Veronika ; Ryšánek, Pavel (advisor) ; Jaroslav, Jaroslav (referee)
Winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus) is an important crop in the Czech Republic. Clubroot disease caused by the pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor. is a serious and still-growing problem for oilseed rape growers. Research on P. brassicae in the Czech Republic is therefore important for the development of effective strategies to manage clubroot under Czech environmental conditions.
One of the aims of this study was monitoring of this pathogen. The disease was previously widespread in commercial vegetable production and in hobby gardens. Since 2010, oilseed rape clubroot started to spread across the whole country, whereas it had previously only been observed in the northeast. Clubroot occurrence was monitored for five years by the Union of Oilseed Growers and Processors on the basis of disease symptoms present on oilseed rape fields. The presence of P. brassicae and clubroot symptoms were reported in all regions of the Czech Republic, except the Ústecký Region, and in 31 out of 76 districts. At present, at least 130 fields are known to be infested by the pathogen, but this number is very likely underestimated. Some soil samples were also tested by conventional PCR (polymerase chain reaction) to evaluate the possibility of their usage. All 14 suspected samples tested positive by PCR.
The next aim was to evaluate the pathotype composition of P. brassicae populations from the Czech Republic, according to the three evaluation systems, and to determine soil inoculum loads for representative fields via traditional end-point PCR as well as quantitative PCR analysis. There were considerable differences between the populations of P. brassicae, and the number of pathotypes varied depending on the evaluation system and the threshold used to distinguish susceptible vs. resistant plant reactions. This is the first study comparing the effect of different thresholds. Using an index of disease (ID) of 25 % to distinguish susceptible vs. resistants reactions, there was a total of five pathotypes identified based on the differentials of Williams, five with the system of Somé et al., and 10 with the European Clubroot Differential (ECD) set. However, based on a threshold of 50%, there were five pathotypes according to the evaluation system by Williams, four based on the differentials of Somé et al. and 8 with the ECD set. Changing of the thresholds led to the reclassification of some pathotypes. Pathotypes 7 by Williams was the most frequent in both thresholds. High amounts of pathogen DNA were found in many of the field soils analysed by quantitative PCR.
Experiments with P. brassicae-resistant cultivars of winter oilseed rape were conducted in an infested field and greenhouse. In the greenhouse, six resistant cultivars were grown in infested soil collected from various fields in the Czech Republic and assessed for index of disease (ID %). The best results bring cultivar Mentor (2+- 0.7 %) closely followed by cultivar SY Alister (5+-1.1 %), the highest ID had cultivar CHW 241 (30+-3.8%). In the field experiment, seven resistant cultivars were grown, and disease development was monitored monthly. The lowest index of disease brought cultivar Andromeda (3+- 0.8 %) and PT 235 (4+-1.5 %), the highest ID has cultivar CWH 241(46 +- 6.5 %) in the first season and in the second season any cultivar achieved 25 % ID. Yields were measured at the end of the cropping season. The highest yield was achieved by cultivar SY Alister (6.1 t/ha) in the first season and cultivar PT 242 (5.03 t/ha) in the second season. The inoculum level was measured across the field by (qPCR), and a map of the infestation was created. The highest spore concentration was found on the field entrance. Collectively, the information obtained on the effectiveness of host resistance and pathogenic diversity of P. brassicae populations from the Czech Republic may help to more effectively manage clubroot in this country.
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Growth and environmental effects of Grand fir cultivation in conditions of the Czech republic
Fulín, Martin ; Podrázský, Vilém (advisor) ; Antonín, Antonín (referee)
Grand fir (Abies grandis /Douglas ex D. Don/ Lindl.) is a species with potential benefits for the implementation of many functions in forest management: namely the function of production, soil improvement, stabilization and landscaping. It was introduced to the Czech Republic, as well as to other European countries, since the first half of the 19th century, mainly by aristocratic families. First plantings were performed in the parks, but gradually also in the forest stands. Another wave of interest in this tree species was associated with the decline of the domestic silver fir (Abies alba Mill.). It was to some extent substitute, for this period comes the greatest number of plantations in the country. The aim of this thesis is, therefore, monitoring of growth and production of the grand fir, but also the evaluation of the effects on the basic characteristics of the soil chemistry, nutrient dynamics and possible degradation effect on forest lands. Research areas were mainly located in the University Forest Enterprise Kostelec nad Černými lesy, but also in other places such as Hrubá Skála at Turnov, forests owned by Kinský at Žďár nad Sázavou and Kynšperk nad Ohří. Monitoring was carried out on already established and monitored middle-aged permanent plots (35 to 55 years), which were assessed at mensurational parameters (position, height, diameter at breast height, ratio of the green crown), in further the quantity and quality of forest floor and upper mineral soil components was studied. This work also contains the measurements of the provenance plot of Forestry and Game Management Research Institute. The results show that the grand fir is a productive tree species that exceeds the stock of domestic conifer tree species and its intensive growth is comparable with Douglas fir. From the perspective of provenance trials is crucial the correct choice of provenance, which achieves better yields and quality of wood. Best provenances come from the island Vancouver and the coast of Washington state. At the soil analysis reaching grand fir better values in comparison with Norway spruce and got it closer to the values of broad-leaved tree species. Thus it can be said that grand fir represents important soil-improving and stabilization tree species.
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