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Community Aproach to the People with Mental Health Problems As Alternative to the Institucional Care
Strnadová, Dagmar ; Klimešová, Anna (advisor) ; Sivek, Vojtěch (referee)
In the history the care of people with a mental health problems was going through a lot of changes. Most of the people were accepted as a part of a society. The family and a local community had been taken care of them. Only a small part of people with a mental health problems had been banished or kept in prison. With the beginning of a modern period the people with a mental illness have devoted and segregated in a large extent. The psychiatri and care for disordered people occured rapid developement in 20th century. In the 50's the psychiatric institution had been closing down in a many advanced countries. Institutional care was replaced with a out-patient and comunity care services. The main target of a community care is to help to the people with a mental illness so they can live in a naturally neighbourhood. The Great Britain has ranked among countries with a along tradition of community care. The broad range of services in the domain of living, employment and a leisure time arised here. The attitude to disordered people was also changed. In the Czech republic the community work set up to apply in 90's. Since the time the big progress was reached. Nevertheless the institutional care is still being preferred. The community care concur at traditional community values and it is established on esteem to...
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History of vegetational development in the Cheb basin from sedimentary record of the SOOS National Nature Reserve
Suda, Tomáš ; Kuneš, Petr (advisor) ; Bešta, Tomáš (referee)
Vegetation development in the Cheb basin ( W Czech Republic) recorded in the sediments of the SOOS ational ature Reserve This thesis focuses on palaeoecological research of quaternary sediments in the Soos National Nature Reserve (Cheb basin, NW Czech Republic). Quaternary history of this locality is poorly known, despite it is a valuable and protected area with high natural qualities. The Soos basin is also known for its unique geological record, which is expected to cover information on landscape dynamics at least during the Holocene. A lake existed in the Soos basin enabling accumulation of diatomite and peat sediments of a broad palaeoecological potential. Records were analysed with method of pollen analysis and were dated using 14C. The results of this study bring information about vegetation development in the area of Cheb basin as well as development of lake ecosystem. It also gives a new insight on lake's origin and its age. The accumulation of peat sediments started in the Preboreal period and was continuous at least until the Atlantic following with a hiatus, therefore further detection of vegetation development is impossible. The beginning of diatomite accumulation, as well as the existence of the lake goes back to the Bølling interstadial, according to radiocarbon dating. However, this...
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Agrobacterium tumefaciens application
Kováčová, Viera ; Burdychová, Radka (referee) ; Babák, Libor (advisor)
This project focus on biotechnologic applications of bacterium named Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which is capable to mediate genetic transformation not only for plants. Main points of project are divided between description of basic natures and cytology of A. tumafaciens following by overview of usage A. tumefaciens in methods of modifications of diffrent cells. Target of paper about biotechnologic use of A. tumefaciens is confrontation of effectivity of this method of modification with else, summary of positiv benefits of its using for future development of human population and introduction of fundamental transformation methods of modification most important crop plants. Final part of project is brief summation of basic statement from statistics and legislature of genetic modified crops.
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The trans-fatty acids in subcutaneous fat and in fat content of breast milk as an indicator of their nutritional intake
Dlouhý, Pavel ; Anděl, Michal (advisor) ; Dostálová, Jana (referee) ; Hrubý, Stanislav (referee) ; Zadák, Zdeněk (referee)
Trans fatty acids (TFA) are unsaturated fatty acids, which have one or more double bonds in the trans configuration. Their main dietary sources are partially hardened fats and food products containing partially hardened fats (margarines, shortenings, bakery products, and fast foods). TFA are thought to increase the risk of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes. These fatty acids have adverse effects on blood lipid levels, increasing LDL-cholesterol while decreasing HDL-cholesterol. Consumption of TFA can also impair insulin sensitivity. High intake of TFA is associated with systemic inflammation, activation of immune functions and endothelial dysfunction. Hypotheses also exist that TFA may have adverse effect on the metabolism of essential fatty acids and foetus development. The concentration of TFAs in subcutaneous fat is a very good indicator of dietary exposure of TFA. This concentration reflects long-term dietary intake of these fatty acids. Levels of TFA in human milk are more variable; however, it is quite simple to obtain a sample of human milk. The purpose of our studies was to determine (a) content of TFA in subcutaneous fat samples from persons with coronary atherosclerosis and from persons with no sign of coronary dinase and (b) the content of TFA in early human milk of breast-feeding women...
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The conflict in Aceh and its international context
Formánková, Petra ; Havlová, Radka (advisor) ; Kochan, Jan (referee)
The bachelor thesis focuses on the conflict in Aceh, one of the provinces in Indonesia. The thesis studies the historical context of the conflict, its causes, development and resolution. Attention is given especially to the role of Islam, ethnicity, natural resources (mainly natural gas) and the tsunami disaster. Further the thesis evaluates the international context and the influence of international actors on the course and ending of the conflict.
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Migraine and the Quality of Life of the Patients: Influences Perception
Kontrová, Veronika ; Šmídová, Olga (advisor) ; Havrdová, Zuzana (referee)
This diploma thesis describes how the women suffering from the migraine apprehend their life. One of the first places in the whole thesis is taken by a preventive behavior as a first step in the fight with the disease. For understanding the examined subject, it is cardinal to become acquainted of the terms like a quality of life, health and disease, strategy of preventing and managing the disease. In the theoretical part, there is the disease itself mentioned, including its definition, clinical picture, classification, examination methods, prophylaxis and treatment. A larger space was dedicated to the provocative factors and the effects of disease, where recognizing and knowing them is for migraine prevention especially important. In the research part of the diploma thesis, on the base of the analysis of in-depth interviews, the data telling about influences perception by the women in the context of migraine were interpreted. A part of the research was dedicated also to the analysis of expert advices dealing with migraine prevention dedicated to the lay public. The author's own experience with the disease and the results of the research helped for development of diploma thesis' proposal part. Here, it is important to notice that the author has been personally and professionally interested all above...
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Between Prague and Vienna. Hermann Bahr and J.S. Machar and the spaces of (Central) European Modernism
Kostrbová, Lucie ; Brabec, Jiří (advisor) ; Fialová, Ivana (referee) ; Vojtěch, Daniel (referee)
This thesis deals with the relations between Czech and Viennese literary modernism during the 1890s, key amongst which were the contacts between Hermann Bahr and J. S. Machar. The contextual underpinnings, nature and significance of these relations are analysed in two monograph chapters. Chapter One focuses on the formation and transformation of Bahr's modernist programme as it moved between Berlin, Paris and Vienna, and an analysis is made of the programme keywords (Nervenkunst, Nervenromantik, Überwindung des Naturalismus, die Moderne, das gute Europäertum, Entdeckung der Provinz), which from the early 1890s found a response among Czech critics (e. g. F. Zákrejs, J. S. Machar and F. V. Krejčí). Bahr's conception of Viennese modernism and Austrian culture and the programme of the Die Zeit review were substantially influenced by Parisian experiences of the plurality of artistic production. Chapter Two follows developments in the work of J. S. Machar after he moved from Prague to Vienna in 1889. Machar's experience in Vienna is analysed in texts of various genres (lyric poetry, correspondence, autobiography, polemics and essay writing) and on the basis of his varying literary and intellectual contacts, while attention is paid in particular to his relationship with Jaroslav Vrchlický and T. G. Masaryk. A...
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Synthesis and cytostatic activity of 3,5-disubstituted pentenolides analogous to gelastatin
Pavlík, Jan ; Pour, Milan (advisor) ; Starý, Ivo (referee) ; Dvořák, Dalimil (referee)
Within the framework of this thesis, a large series of 5-(acyloxymethyl)-3-aryl-5,6- dihydro-2H-pyran-2-ones was prepared and their cytostatic activity investigated. The key steps in the preparation of the compounds were alkylation of esters of substituted phenylacetic acids with 2-iodomethyl-5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane, followed by cyclization to furnish a saturated lactone into which a double bond was introduced in the next step. Some of the target compounds displayed interesting cytostatic activity (IC50 < 10 µmol/L) against a panel of standard cell lines including both leukemic cells and those derived from solid tumours. The activity against colorectal carcinoma HT29 cell line, which is otherwise resistant against the standard combination of cytostatic agents used in the treatment of these tumours is especially remarkable. In the next part, the development of the synthesis of the 5-alkylidene analogues of these compounds, which are also analogous to bioactive natural products, such as the gelastatins and CR377, is described. Successful strategy is based on the use of 2-iodo allylic alcohols as the starting materials, which are converted into the target 3-substituted-5-alkylidene pentenolides via an array of Pd-catalyzed reactions, including Sonogashira coupling with methyl propiolate,...
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The Role of Nurses in Colorectal Surgeries
ŠULCOVÁ, Jana
Theoretical basis: The problems in rectal and anal diseases have had rising tendency, especially haemorrhoidal diseases, on which we put emphasis in our bachelor thesis. 37% of adult population suffers from this disease so we may line it up to civilization illnesses. Their treatment involves wide range of medical methods, from the conservative therapy to semi invasive ways of treatment. The semi invasive treatment is well withstood by patients and it can help up to 90% of clients. This bachelor thesis is concerned with specifics of nursing duties in a colorectal surgery. It links with topics like taking faecal specimen, basic methods of endoscopy, communication with patients and giving them information about lifestyle. The theoretical basis describes haemorrhoidal disease and gives brief introduction into causes of its developing, most common symptoms and possible treatments. The aim of the thesis: From the practical point of view we set two tasks. The first one is aimed at specifics of nursing job in a colorectal surgery and the second one tries to monitor how nurses in colorectal surgeries inform patients about healthy lifestyle. We asked two research questions regarding these aims. The first research question is: What are the specifics of the nursing job in the colorectal surgery? The second question concerns how nurses in colorectal surgeries provide information to their patients about healthy lifestyle. Methodology: Regarding the bachelor thesis we decided to choose a form of a qualitative research with using semi structural interviews with practical nurses working in colorectal surgeries. The interviews took place from February 28 2014 to March 15 2014 in five colorectal surgeries in following towns: České Budějovice, Písek, Strakonice, Jindřichův Hradec a Třemošná u Plzně. The focus group was created of 6 nurses working in colorectal surgeries. The interviews were performed and recorded with the consent of all practical nurses involved in the research. All extracted data was arranged and categorised into groups that were consequently analysed. The interviewer´s questions were prepared in advance and some extra questions were asked during the interview. The interview was divided into five areas: Identification questions, role of a nurse, examination methods, recommendation and giving information about lifestyle. Results: The results show the specifics of nursing in colorectal surgeries. We found out that nurses working in colorectal surgeries deal mainly with preparing special medical instruments and devices needed for endoscopic examination. Then they assist doctors during a medical examination and with treatment methods of RBL (Barron´s rubber band ligation) and Hemoron, they manipulate with devices in a surgery, check hygiene measures, do administrative work and keep surgery office running. In other conversation areas practical nurses mostly mentioned sampling of biological materials, mainly blood and faecal specimen taking to be given up to histological examination, preparing patients for an endoscopic exam, communication with patients and attending to the intimacy of patients. Consequently we found out that more than half of the practical nurses pay attention to psychological conditioning of the patient before rectoscopy. The research also revealed some weak spots. More than half of the nurses in the focus group do not inform patients about preparations before anoscope exam. Barely one third of the group said that they inform patients about the natural emptying before the exam. Regarding the issue of giving information about lifestyle, we came to the conclusion that practical nurses, even though they do not have enough time, try to inform patients about physical activities, hygiene care and quality of eating and they do it in sufficient rate. But because of the time constrain they put emphasis only on the essential information.
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Immunization strategies in developing countries and its effects
Melichová, Daniela ; Dáňová, Jana (advisor)
Maintaining good health is important for all of us. A primary health service is important, perhaps the most basic and cost effective is childhood immunization. Immunization against diseases such as polio, tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis saves the lives of approximately three million people each year. Immunization also prevents many more millions from suffering debilitating illness and lifelong disability. Lifesaving vaccines is one of the greatest public health achievements of all time. A hundred years ago, infectious diseases were the worlds leading cause of death. Epidemics of smallpox and diphtheria would take the lives of millions of people. Over the last 50 years, medical science has developed vaccines to reduce the spread of many killer diseases. But other infectious diseases for which we still lack effective vaccines, such as HIV/ AIDS, Malaria and tuberculosis, continue to cause illness, disability and death. Scientists are working hard to develop vaccines to protect people from these diseases as well. In this article the focus will be on immunization in developing countries and difficulties in the management, its effects and the perspective of the future. Comparing the vaccination in developing countries with the one in Norway for informational purposes and understanding of the differences in...
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