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Survey on wage and price formation of Czech firms
Babecký, Jan ; Dybczak, Kamil ; Galuščák, Kamil
Using an ad-hoc survey at the firm level, writers investigate the determinants of wage and price-setting practices in Czech firms, the presence and sources of wage rigidity, and reactions of firms to hypothetical shocks. Although the evidence of downward wage rigidity is not widespread, they find particular relevance of efficiency wage models for wage rigidity, while implicit contract theory is relevant in firms employing mainly highskilled labour.
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From functionalism to the style for living. Architect Karel Honzík's theory
Kovtun, Jakub ; Ortová, Jitka (referee) ; Czumalo, Vladimír (advisor)
The main focus of the thesis is the theory of architecture of Karel Honzík (1900 - 1966), one of the most distinguished architects of the funcionalist period in Czechoslovakia. The first chapter sets out to explore the historical and cultural background of the formation of modernist theories and beliefs. Architectural theories of Adolf Loos and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and their analysis and evaluation as the most important influences on the formation of the functionalist paradigm in architecture are discussed in the second chapter. In the third chapter, theories of other Czech functionalist architects whose work was related to Honzík's are presented and analyzed, with focus on Le Corbusier's influence. The final chapter follows Honzík's departure from the strict functionalist paradigm towards a comprehensive understanding of architecture as of a process of shaping human environment towards a greater capacity to fulfil both instrumental and emotional human needs. Honzík's theory of architecture is also shown to be closely linked to structuralism, especially to its application in linguistics.
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The Study of Production Strategy Formation
Voborná, Petra ; Kotačka, Jan (referee) ; Jurová, Marie (advisor)
Every production unit must have a clearly determined production strategy based on the given business strategy. Today’s competitive environment is very tough and demanding and that is why each producer’s success or failure is determined by the correctly chosen productive orientation, technically advanced products and provided services, range of supply and their quality and mostly price as well. What makes firms to improve and optimize their supplies continuously is just dynamic development of the society and continuously growing consumers and users’ requirements. The keen competition on one hand makes the business more demanding, but on the other hand it brings lots of new opportunities. Looking for new ways, new procedures and management methods and especially niches in the given products and services market will bring the coveted strategy advantage. This master’s thesis deals with a change of the current production strategy in a building company, individual production aspects and improving the quality of the production process functionality itself following the objective of the firm competitiveness and business performance improvement. Within the solution I count on an ability to adapt promptly to new market requirements, I suppose that the continuing differentiation strategy will contribute to building a position of a preferential supplier of the chosen narrow market segment for large building firms in the market. Improving every production process component is the prerequisite for further development of the company.
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Habit Formation in Consumption: A Meta-Analysis
Havránek, Tomáš ; Rusnák, Marek ; Sokolova, Anna
We examine 567 estimates of habit formation from 69 studies published in peer-reviewed journals. In contrast to previous results for most fields of empirical economics, we find no publication bias in the literature. The median estimated strength of habit formation equals 0.4, but the estimates vary widely both within and across studies. We use Bayesian model averaging to assign a pattern to this variance while taking into account model uncertainty. Studies using micro data report consistently smaller estimates than macro studies: 0.1 vs. 0.6 on average. The difference remains large when we control for 21 other study aspects, such as data frequency, geographical coverage, variable definition, estimation approach, and publication characteristics. We also find that estimates of external habit formation tend to be substantially larger than those of internal habits, that evidence for habits weakens when researchers use higher data frequencies, and that estimates differ systematically across countries.
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Optimization of production of thin films of metallic materials
Čejka, Marek ; Kadlec, Michal (referee) ; Šubarda, Jiří (advisor)
The present thesis deals with optimization of the formation of thin layers of metallic materials. In the theoretical part was elaborated overview of the implementation of the formation of thin- film structures, particularly using vacuum techniques. Chemical and physical vapor deposition. They were described methods of pretreatment of thin layers. The findings were discussed methods of controlling the pre-treated surface, quality control and mutual adhesion of coating layers. In the experimental part of the pre-treatment methods were selected and applied to selected substrates. Pretreatments were evaluated using a control surface by wetting angles and by atomic force microscopy. Then, the metal structure formed of copper on the pretreated substrates. Implementation by means of magnetron sputtering. Adhesion layers was checked by testing the surface lattice method. The quality was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results were used to design the technological process of making metal layers.
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Study on potentiaion of pharmacological efficiencies of ellipticine
Vranová, Iveta ; Mrázová, Barbora (referee) ; Stiborová, Marie (advisor)
Cytotoxic chemotherapy offers tool for clinical treatment of neoplasia. One of the drugs suitable for chemotherapy is ellipticine. Ellipticine is an alkaloid, which has significant antineoplastic properties. It acts as a DNA intercalator, inhibitor of topoisomerase II and forms also covalent DNA adducts mediated by cytochrome P450 and/or peroxidases. Oxidation of ellipticine by CYP (CYP3A4, CYP1A1/2, CYP2C9, CYP1B1) provides several metabolites (7-hydroxyellipticine, 9-hydroxyellipticine, 12-hydroxyellipticine, 13- hydroxyellipticine, and ellipticine N2 -oxide). Metabolites 12-hydroxyellipticine and 13- hydroxyellipticine, formed by CYP3A4, are responsible for formation of two major DNA adducts. Two carbenium ions, ellipticine-13-ylium and ellipticine-12-ylium were proposed as a reactive species binding to DNA. The main metabolites generated by peroxidases are the ellipticine dimer and ellipticine N2 -oxide, which provide the same carbenium ions and same DNA adducts. Modern chemotherapy uses targeting for higher selectivity for malignant cells and lower cytotoxicity for normal cells. Ellipticine-conjugates and his derivates (N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methakrylamid-ellipticine conjugates, vasoactive intestinal peptide-ellipticine conjugates and human serum albumin-ellipticine conjugates) and epidermal...
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Nephropathy and tumour development caused by plant alkaloids aristolochic acid
Bárta, František ; Šácha, Pavel (referee) ; Stiborová, Marie (advisor)
Aristolochic acids (AA) are alkaloids contained in plant species of the family Aristolochiaceae. These plants are used since antiquity in traditional medicine to treatment of many varied diseases. There are known anti-inflammatory effects of these compounds, however these alkaloids exhibit mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. Despite of this fact, plant extracts AA are still used in traditional medicine, e.g. in China, India, Taiwan. Aristolochic acids are proven to be the cause of disease designated Aristolochic Acid Nephropathy (AAN, theretofore known as Chinese Herbs Nephropathy (CHN). This unusual nephropathy leads to a total renal failure. The late complication of this disease is the development of tumours in urothelial tissue of patients. AA can form persistent stable covalent DNA adducts. Formation of these DNA adducts lead to AT→TA transversion, the unique mutation in tumour suppressor gene p53 responsible for tumour formation. Balkan Endemic Nephropathy (BEN) is associated with AA, too. In this instance is supported also influence of another factors, e.g. mycotoxins (ochratoxin A). However, in all probability AA contribute to a development of this disease particularly. This hypothesis is supported by finding of AA-DNA adducts in tissues of patients suffering from AAN and BEN and that of...
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Chiral recognition by mass spectrometry
Kosíková, Lenka ; Roithová, Jana (advisor) ; Bednář, Petr (referee)
Title: Chiral recognition by mass spectrometry Author: Bc. Lenka Kosíková Department: Department of Organic Chemistry Supervisor: doc. Mgr. Jana Roithová, Ph.D. This work is focused on the use of mass spectrometry as the analytical method for chiral recognition in the gas phase. We have examined formation of complexes (S and R) isomers [dimethyl-2,2'-dihydroxy-1,1'binaphthalene-3,3'-dicarboxylate] with sodium. Chiral effect for the fomation of sodium dimers is 1,34±0,06 and that for formation of trimers 2,38±0,22 in favor of the formation of homochiral complexes. Part of the work is devoted to the preparation of isotopically labeled ester [(R)-(−)- di(D3-methyl)-2,2'-dihydroxy-1,1'binaphthalene-3,3'-dicarboxylate]. Mixing of equimolar amounts of D3-(R) and unlabeled (S) isomers leads to the artificial racemate, while we can still distinguish the enantiomers using mass spectrometry. Another part represents the study of the complex formation between (S and R) isomers of [dimethyl-2,2'-dihydroxy-1,1'binaphthalene-3,3'-dicarboxylate] with the metal complex [(S,S)-1,5-diaza-cis-decalin]Cu(OH)I depending on the molar ratios in the solution. I have showed that the molar concetration of the catalyst in the solution plays an important role in the complex formation and that the ESI source spectra of...
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