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Application of optimization methods in hydrological modeling
Jakubcová, Michala ; Máca, Petr (advisor) ; Hanel, Martin (referee)
Finding the optimal state of reality is the main purpose of the optimization process. The best variant from many possibilities is selected, and the effectiveness of the given system increases. Optimization has been applied in many real life engineering problems as in hydrological modelling. Within the hydrological case studies, the optimization process serves to estimate the best set of model parameters, or to train model weights in artificial neural networks.
Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is relatively recent optimization technique, which has only a few parameters to adjust, and is easy to implement to the selected problem. The original algorithm was modified by many authors. They
focused on changing the initialization of particles in the swarm, updating the population topology, adding new parameters into the equation, or incorporating shuffling mechanism into the algorithm.
The modifications of PSO algorithm improve the performance of the optimization, prevent the premature convergence, and decrease computation time. Therefore, the main aims of the presented doctoral thesis consist of proposal of a new PSO modification with its implementation in C++ programming language. More PSO variants were compared and analysed, and the best methods based on benchmark problems were applied in two hydrological case studies.
The first case study focused on utilization of PSO algorithms in inverse problem related to estimation of parameters of rainfall-runoff model Bilan. In the second case study, combination of artificial neural networks with PSO methods was introduced for forecasting the Standardized precipitation evapotranspiration drought index.
It was found out, that particle swarm optimization is a suitable tool for solving problems in hydrological modelling. The most effective PSO modifications are the one with adaptive version of parameter of inertia weight, which updates the velocity of particles during searching through the multidimensional space via feedback information. The shuffling mechanism and redistribution of particles into complexes, at which the PSO runs separately, also significantly improve the performance.
The contribution of this doctoral thesis lies in creation of new PSO modification, which was tested on benchmark problems, and was successfully applied in two hydrological case studies. The results of this thesis also extended the utilization of PSO methods in real life engineering optimization problems. All analysed PSO algorithms are available for later use within other research projects.
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Numerical evaluation of high temperature thermal energy storage with thermally conductive geopolymer
Černý, Matěj ; Kuráž, Václav (advisor) ; Milan, Milan (referee)
The paper evaluates the contribution of newly developed thermally conductive geopolymer (TCG) in high temperature energy thermal storage (HTTES). The work contains a review of energy storage principles with emphasis on storage in the form of heat. Evaluation of the benefits of the thermally conductive geopolymer was carried out by mathematical modeling. Both experiments and modeling itself progressed from simple to more complex. It was documented of knowledge and instrumentation experiments and their evaluation. Thanks to the mathematical modeling experiments are analyzed with simple rock samples, medium-sized experiment with a block of granite with artificial fracture filled by TCG to the actual prototype of thermal energy storage. It was demonstrated positive impact of TCG on distribution of heat in the storage core. The acquired knowledge was used to extrapolate the results and to predict accumulation options of medium-sized storage.
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The effect of live weight on androsterone and skatole content in adipose tissue of boars
Poláčková, Miroslava ; Okrouhlá, Monika (advisor) ; Michaela, Michaela (referee)
The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive literature review and evaluation of research on the influence of androstenone and skatole for boar live weight, which thanks to modern trends sensitive issue.
Skatole is malodorous indole compound, which is formed in the colon of pigs later leads to deposition in adipose tissue, causing the so-called. Boar odor.
Steroid androstenone is produced by Leydig cells of the testes boars, when a part is floated urine, partly accumulate in saliva, to stimulate the sows and part is accumulated in the adipose tissue.
The chromatographic method suitable for detecting substances responsible for boar odor was developed on a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer using chemical standards.
According to the results, we can evaluate that the differences between imunocastraties and boars are minimal, not only in fattening values, but also at the height of the back fat or muscle growth musculus longissimus lumborum et thoracis. Only with differing indicators are the amount of androstenone and skatole, which confirms that feeding into higher slaughter weight pigs is unprofitable, because the amount of these substances is many times higher than allowed by European standard. The meat of boars is therefore inconvenient and are a much better choice imunokastráti.
The hypothesis that a live weight of influence on behalf of androstenone and skatole in fat tissue boars are so confirmed.
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New cryoprotectives in preservation of potentially probiotic bacteria of Bifidobacterium genus using freeze-drying procedure
Vrabcová, Petra ; Killer, Jiří (advisor) ; Jakub, Jakub (referee)
The probiotic bacteria of the genus Bifidobacterium are especially used in the dairy and pharmaceutical industry. They are present in the form of viable cells in pro(syn)biotic fermented milk, dried and freeze-dried products for its positive effects on the health. Lyophilization represents one of the widely used methods for long-term preservation of bifidobacteria. The lyophilization process is challenging, but very needed, and for this reason it is still necessary to explore new cryo(lyo)protective substances, which protect the microbial cultures more effectively before the negative effects of cryopreservation and lyophilization.
The aim of the thesis was to test the various mixtures of substances containing specific oligosaccharides, which have prebiotic properties, from the point of view of their potential cryo(lyo)protective effect of lyophilization process. For the purposes of the study, twelve bifidobacterial strains of human and animal origin were selected. As a potential cryo(lyo)protectives were used solutions on the basis of 5x concentrated TPY medium with addition of FOS, 10% fructooligosaccharides (FOS) and the solution on the basis of porcine gastric mucin. Number of viable cells was determined in lyophilisates enriched by the concrete solutions in the time intervals (30 days, 3 months and 6 months) after lyophilization and compared with the control lyophilized samples (fresh cultures without the additive solutions). The potential cryo(lyo)protective effectiveness of 5x concentrated TPY medium solution has been demonstrated only in B. boum, B. breve, B. longum subsp. infantis a Bombiscardovia coagulans, where decreased the number of viable cells about four orders of magnitude. The potential cryo(lyo)protective effectiveness in 10% FOS solution was found only in B. thermacidophilum subsp. porcinum and Bombiscardovia coagulans, where was found half the number of viable cells. The highest potential cryo(lyo)protective effectiveness was observed for a solution on the basis of porcine gastric mucin. The highest number of viable cells was demonstrated in B. animalis subsp. lactis, B. boum, B. longum subsp. infantis, B. longum subsp. longum, B. pseudolongum subsp. globosum and B. thermacidophilum subsp. porcinum lyophilisates using this potential cryo(lyo)protective solution.
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Hereditary and non-hereditary factors affecting starch content in potato tubers
Malá, Lucie ; Sedláková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Dvořák, Petr (referee)
This literature review relates to the starch which is presented in potato tubers, and hereditary and non-hereditary factors that influence content of the starch. At the beginning of the work, the attention is paid to the potatoes itself, especially their general characteristics. It should also mention the content of substances in tubers and their impact on human health. Further, the work is focused on the main thema, especialy starch present in potato tubers. Starch has considerable importance for the entire national economy, currently used not only in the starch industry, but it is more frequently used in other industries, for example paper or textile industry. Starch is composed from two important polysaccharides, amylose and amylopectin which are described in details. There are factors, that may influence starch content in potato tubers, like genetic and environmental factors. The simplest genetic factor that can influence the content of starch in potato tubers is crossing. The biosynthesis of starch is very important, which depends on several enzymes that initiate the metabolic pathway. It is pyrophosphorylase, starch synthase (SS), enzymes branched starch (SBEs) and enzymes unbranched starch (DBES). Starch synthase plays an important role here, in particular her isoform GBSS (granule bound starch synthase), which synthesizes amylose. Amylopectin is synthesized by a complex of enzymes SSI, SSII, SSIII, SSIV. The manipulation of single sugar genes metabolism can affect the formation and composition of starch in any variety of potatoes. This manipulation is called transgenesis and her goal is the creation of new potato genotypes. We can produce potato starch with high amylose by inhibiting enzymes SBE A and SBE B. A starch with a high amount of amylose is highy asked from the industry, because starch has unique functional properties. It should be mentioned DNA markers that has connection with the cultivation of potatoes and offers new opportunities for selecting potatoes genotypes. With DNA markers is linked MAS analysis and the associated method PCR polymerase chain reaction method. Another important method is QTL method. The environmental factors which influence the starch content of potatoes, which are mentioned in this work, are drought, light, cold. It should also be noted that even postharvest stress has a negative effect on starch content in potato tubers. Environmental stress affects and changes the yield of the starch.
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Church restitution and analysis within
Dvořáčková, Petra ; Hájková, Ivana (advisor) ; Pikola, Pavel (referee)
The year 1989 is an important milestone in the modern history of Czechoslovakia and later the Czech Republic. This year started a search for answers to many important questions, injustices and related remedies. It includes not only moral issues but also property relations among our state and individuals or legal entities.
My bachelor work on the theme The Church restitution and its analysis focuses especially on property injustices, although the moral side of these matters reflects in them deeply. The view on possible damages or justifications with churches in our country is described here. The history and development of this problem is given from the beginning to its approval and coming into force of the law no. 428/2012 Collection, on property settlement with churches and religious societies dated December 5, 2012 effective from January 1, 2013.
The main purpose of this work is to analyze the financial expenses according to the old legislation (Act no. 218/1949 Coll.) compared to financial expenses expected after the adoption of the law on church property settlement and religious societies from the state budget based on the trends of this issue. The assessment of the benefits of new legislation against the previous law is the crucial output of this work. The practical part is also marginally focused on one of the organizational units of the Czech Republic Office of the Government Representation in Property Affairs.
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The role and status of non-profit sector according to the new legislation
Šponiarová, Nikola ; Borská, Jana (advisor) ; Pavla, Pavla (referee)
This diploma thesis focuses on the non-profit sector in the Czech Republic, which is very often discussed topic not only in the media but also on the social comunnity, whether lay or professional community. The aim of the thesis is the legal provision regarding the status of the non-profit sector in the Czech Republic, focusing on a comprehensive overview of the status and legal anchoring of non-profit sector, its characteristics, development and involvement in running the development of Czech society. The research question is: What impact has the Act no. 89/2012 Coll., Civil Code of law, which entered into force on 1. January 2014, the non-profit sector? There is a complete theoretical overview of the characteristics of the non-profit sector and are further explained the changes that the new Civil Code brought. Based on the collected data are analyzed activities of the various forms of non-profit sector in the theoretical part. They discussed the various powers and obligations arising from NOZ to uncover the circumstances of the research question. The collected information is found that the new legislation provided for in the Act no. 89/2012 Coll., Civil Code of law, is sufficient. Nongovernmental organizations are with their obligations, including the possible transformation familiar and by no means compromising functionality. Individual institutions that are not fully familiar with the NOZ is recommended to do so, to avoid future confusion in both administrative duties and in their functionality. It is also recommended for all institutions to check all the information in public registers, which are currently registered. Comprehensive amendment to the law is not recommended.
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New findings in horse phylogeny
Kardošová, Kristína ; Majzlík, Ivan (advisor) ; Hofmanová, Barbora (referee)
This thesis deals phylogenetic developement of the horse since its origin until the present. Describes fossil horses, formation processes and conservation. Shows the most famous paleontological localities, where they were found fossil bones or fragments. Explains methods of investigation, such as determining the age of radiocarbon dating or electron spin resonance and analysis ancient DNA. Family equidae is taxonomically classified based on their evolutionary series. Relations between taxa are also shown in the diagrams - phylogenetic trees or cladogram, which are structured according to morphological and molecular data. It also mentions order Perrisodactyla, their evolution, radiation and new taxonomic classification. The main part is devoted to phylogeny equidae. It describes morphological changes due to adaptive specializations, including mainly limbs (extension their parts and reduction fingers), dentition (increasing crowns, molarization of premolars, gradual coverage cement) and skull (extension and enlargement of the brain). It describes individual genera and several important species from the genus Hyracotherium after Equus, their morphology and way of life. Previous studies of fossil horses, methods of comparative anatomy, are confronted with new molecular biology analysis. The results bring a new perspective on the taxonomy and phylogeny of the horse. Next part is devoted breeding groups of domestic horse. Characterized Eguus robustus, Equus gracilis, Equus gmelini and Equus przewalskii. Detects the taxonomic status of the Przewalski horse, relative to fact that today there are disputes about its evolutionary relationship with the domestic horse. Highlights the importance of reintroduction of Przewalski horses, the last wild horse, in the Mongolian steppes, the place of his original expansion. The last part includes the theory of horse domestication. Describes the site of human habitation, where archaeological artifacts and horse bones indicate keeping animals.
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Expansion of Calamagrostis epigejos
Lajpertová, Lenka ; Vachová, Pavla (advisor) ; Alena, Alena (referee)
In my Bachelor thesis, I focused to behavior strategy of reed grass (Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth ) during settlement of newlyfree areas. I paid a special attention to its speed during the settlement. Further focus of the thesis is to the way of expansion of the grass to new stations. The last orientation of my work was how the species influences the composition of newly formed community. This grass from the family Poaceae (Poaceae) is mainly characterized by vegetative spreading which is typical for creation of underground rhizomes. Particularly this creation of the rhizomes makes this grass successful competitor during settlement of free areas. Beside the method of reproduction, its advantage is a creation of old vegetation (dead overground part of the plant), which is one of the many competitive advantages of the grass.
The Thesis is based on an experiment with freely planted grasses framed by plastic rings. The Calamagrostis epigejos (L.) Roth was deployed to the center and border positions. I tracked the way of its expansion and the speed of the settlement from the given location. Further I followed the spatial arrangement of plants at single areas and the arrangement from the time change point of view.
One of the most important abiotic factor is a temperature. In summer 2015, the temperatures higher than average combined withthe lack of the rain, the most probably influenced the speed of development and expansion of Calamagrostis epigejos.
Calamagrostis epigejos did not produced any height or volume progress during its vegetative period. It concentrated its energy rather to the production of its ramets which are typical for this kind of the grass and which make it successful in occupation of the areas. The speed of the grow was average, more visible at center positions than at border ones. Compared to that, average higher distance of ramets was achieved at the border positions.
In so much as Calamagrostis epigejos did not introduce its competitive skills in full, it gave the room to spread to other types of plants in its neighborhood. Species diversity of single plant communities did not differ significantly on individual plots, the biggest coverage occupied common groundsel (Senecio vulgaris) there.
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Grey Literature & CRIStin: Current Research Information System in Norway
Asserson, Anne
CRIStine is The National documentation system for all research performance institutions there are publicly Funded in Norway. CRIStine is based on CERIF data model which is composed of IContextual metadata where Person, Organization, Output, Projects etc. are integrated. CRIStin holds the contextual metadata to the Institutional Repositories of the research performing institutions. Currently, CRIStine development is focused on tools which will serve for Organizations easier ways to access information within large data sets and to analyze that information in hopes of managing performance and making better decisions.
Fulltext: nusl-126794_2 -  PDF
Slides: nusl-126794_1 - PDF; nusl-126794_3 - PDF
Video: nusl-126794_4 -  MP4
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