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Breast cancer literacy amongst adult population of Czech Republic /Breast cancer literacy amongst Czech adults
Jirásková, Renata ; Vachková, Eva (advisor) ; Purmová, Markéta (referee)
Author: Renata Jirásková Institution: Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Department of Social Medicine, Department of Nursing Title: Breast cancer literacy amongst adult population of Czech Republic Supervisor: Mgr. Eva Vachková, Ph.D. Number of pages: 117 Year of defense: 2020 Keywords: Breast cancer, male breast cancer, breast cancer knowledge, health literacy, Czech adult population This bachelor thesis is dealing with the health literacy in breast cancer knowledge of the adult Czech citizens. The theoretical framework contains breast anatomy, explains categorization of the malignant breast tumors, describes the etiology, incidence and mortality, shows diagnostic methods as well as treatment options for breast cancer. The health literacy in prevention is also discussed and some organizations involved in breast cancer research, treatment and education are mentioned. This thesis is focused not only on women but also on men. The empirical part consists of a quantitative questionnaire that dealt with the health status and its support together with breast cancer risk factors. The regularity as well as the quality of prevention have been investigated in this survey. Questions on self-monitoring and examination by a partner or physician were also included. Furthermore, survey...
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Increasing the literacy of girls and women to prevent breast cancer.
JEDLIČKOVÁ, Monika
This bachelor thesis deals with the prevention of breast cancer. It focuses especially on primary and secondary prevention of this disease. The aim of the work was to map the literacy of women and girls in the field of breast cancer prevention and subsequently to increase awareness of this prevention. To achieve these goals the empirical part of this bachelor thesis was elaborated with a qualitative research, for which the technique of in-depth interview with women and girls from 15 to 55 years not suffering from this disease was chosen. Obtained information was analyzed and categorized. The research showed what women and girls know about primary and secondary prevention. Women and girls consider genetic predisposition and stress to be the most important risk factors for cancer development in the mammary gland. The reason why interviewed women and girls are interested in a healthy lifestyle is not a disease prevention, but rather an appearance. Another finding was that only one woman carries out breast self-examination according to the correct procedure. Women and girls often reported that they were not taught by a doctor or nurse. In addition, many respondents did not even know that they had the possibility of genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations or that contributions to secondary breast cancer prevention were provided. A part of the research was a method of a true experiment where women and girls were given information about breast cancer prevention and illustration of self-examination. The results of the interviews after this experiment revealed that more than half of the respondents did not change their attitude, which may be for example due to age when young women and girls are not so interested in this issue. It is necessary to inform or educate the general public in the right way and to have pedagogical and professional knowledge in the field and to approach the public with a friendly atmosphere.
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Improvement of Patients´Health Literacy by Means of Short Intervention Method
PROCHÁZKOVÁ, Renata
This rigorosum thesis deals with the topic of increasing health literacy of patients in practice using the method of brief interventions. Brief interventions have been practically applied for the purposes of nicotine withdrawal, limitation of alcohol consumption, improvement of dietary habits, support of physical activity and influenza vaccination. It is a current method developed and supported by WHO as part of primary and secondary prevention of chronic, non-infectious as well as some infectious diseases. The goal of brief interventions is to increase the health literacy with the purpose of motivating the patients to be accountable for their own health, and thus reduce the incidence of diseases associated with an unhealthy lifestyle in population.
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Active and Autonomous Approach to Health Care, Seeking an Ideal Insured
Macháček, Vít ; Remr, Jiří (advisor) ; Uherek, Zdeněk (referee)
The author of the thesis formulates theoretical starting points, which draws attention to the problems of the health care system. It emphasizes the role of the individual and describes the mechanism by which it is possible to naturally and freely intervene in the health insurance system. A key role in this mechanism is provided by health insurers, which have the potential to moderate the relationship of the insured with the health system. The health insurer can do so by segmenting their insured and product orientation. The construction of the "ideal insured" should contribute to the this segmentation. The construction is based on the active and autonomous approach of the insured, these qualities are highly valued in the theory presented and it is assumed that this approach is desirable in terms of prevention. The author has created a tool to measure this construct. The tool is in the form of a questionnaire that is systematicaly reduced to include as few items as possible so it can be easily used in practice. Practical usability is the primary goal of creating this instrument to measure "ideal insured".
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Epidemiology of sporadic forms of colorectal cancer in terms of preventions and the possibility of early diagnostic.
Schneiderová, Michaela ; Bencko, Vladimír (advisor) ; Krška, Zdeněk (referee) ; Hudečková, Henrieta (referee)
Thanks to the latest achievements in diagnostics, surgery and oncology, the overall perspective of colorectal cancer has changed significantly. There are no doubts that we deal with a complex disease, requiring multidisciplinary approach and assessment. Only this approach can enable patients to survive longer and maintain acceptable quality of there lives. Taking a long view over several decades, the steep rise in incidence of this malignancy was strongly alarming. It is partly a penalty for a prolongation of life expectance, since one of the risk factors is age. Knowing the way of life and dietary customs of our ancestors, one cannot deny that the change of lifestyle including dietary habits, as well as decrease of physical activity, obesity, stress, unsuitable thermal processing of food produced in bulk, consumption of immoderate amount of red meat, limited intake of raw vegetable and fruits, excessive intake of xenobiotics, such as medication or cosmetic products, excessive alcohol consumption, particularly beer, nicotinism, environmental pollutants, etc. contribute to the increase of this cancer incidence. All the above mentioned factors have led over the time to a formation and development of numerous so called civilization diseases, among which rates the colorectal cancer (CRC). Despite the...
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The influence of awareness about sexually transmitted diseases, sexual behavior of high school students
Mikešová, Jana ; Vachková, Eva (advisor) ; Hodačová, Lenka (referee)
Author: Jana Žalská Institution: Department of Social Medicine LF UK in Hradec Kralove Department of Nursing Title of the work: The influence of awareness about sexually transmitted diseases, sexual behavior of high school students Academic advisor: Mgr. Eva Vachková, Ph.D. Number of pages: 83 Number of attachments: 4 Defended in: 2018 Key words: adolescence, sexually transmitted diseases, sex, sexual education, health literacy, gender identity The bachelor thesis is on the topic "Influence of awareness of sexually transmitted diseases on the sexual behaviour of high school youth". The theoretical part deals with sexual diseases and sexually transmitted diseases. It describes the period of adolescence, physical transformation and gender differences in adolescence. It also deals with health literacy in youth, health education, and sexual education. The empirical part looks into the knowledge of secondary school youth about sexual diseases and their prevention and the way of protection against sexually transmitted diseases, next this part looks into the sources from which they receive information. It also investigates whether their knowledge of this issue has an effect on sexual behaviour. Quantitative research was applied by a non-standardized questionnaire. The resulting data is processed into...
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Approaches to public health in the selected countries and their comparison
Bačkorová, Tereza ; Hrešanová, Ema (advisor) ; Růžička, Michal (referee)
This thesis investigates approaches to public health in the Czech Republic and compares them to approaches in Norway. The theoretical part outlines key concepts in the field of health, public health, health policy and prevention and explores their diverse interpretation on the level of professional discourse. The empirical part provides a comparative analysis of the development and current state of health systems in both countries, health status of their populations, a general comparison of the approaches to prevention and health policy, as well as an analysis of a concrete example - fight against smoking as a major health risk factor. The aim of the thesis is not only to compare approaches to public health in both countries, but also to understand the complex relationships between the compared cases and the context. Based on this analysis, examples of good practice are identified, and recommendations are formulated which could stimulate further research or serve as a basis for the development of new health policies, prevention programs and campaigns. key words: health, public health, prevention, health policy, health system, health literacy, comparative analysis
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Health literacy of pregnant women
ČERMÁKOVÁ, Tereza
The Bachelor's Thesis "Health literacy of pregnant women" deals with knowledge of pregnant women with regard to a healthy lifestyle. The goal of this Bachelor's Thesis was to ascertain which the knowledge of the pregnant women about health and the healthy lifestyle during the pregnancy is. This Bachelor's Thesis is divided into two parts. Individual components of the healthy lifestyle during pregnancy and their problems are described in the first theoretical part. It also focuses on health literacy and an educational activity of a nurse-midwife. The second part consists of a research survey that concentrates on the knowledge of the pregnant women with regard to the healthy lifestyle in pregnancy. Five research questions were created on the basis of the stated goal. A qualitative research in a form of a semi structured conversation was used for the research survey. A research cohort comprised twelve pregnant women. After prior agreement and by the approval of the women, the conversations were recorded using a voice recorder with a transcription of the conversations in the text. Gathered data were processed, analysed and sorted into three categories (Preconception preparation, Foreknowledge of women, Lifestyle in pregnancy), which were divided into subcategories. The category Preconception preparation was divided into four subcategories (Intended pregnancy, Change in lifestyle, Vitamin supplements, Physical activity). The second category with the name Foreknowledge of women contains three subcategories (Components of healthy lifestyle, Information source, Prenatal courses). The third component Lifestyle in pregnancy includes six subcategories (Eating, Vitamin supplements, Risk factors - alcohol, smoking, Physical activity, Sexual intercourse, Travelling). Female informants, in which the pregnancy was intended, made efforts to change their present living customs in the area of eating, sport or risk behaviour within the scope of the preconception care. Improvement of the lifestyle followed also during the pregnancy. The women adjusted their dietary practices, food was regular, varied, rich in fruits and vegetables. The women had general knowledge of food, which they should cut down during pregnancy. Despite all efforts for adherence to the healthy eating, some women took the vitamin food supplements during the pregnancy. With regard to drinking habits, they preferred clean water or sweetened beverages. They mentioned the beverages containing alcohol or caffeine as unsuitably. But risk behaviour was very frequent. Some women consumed a small amount of the alcoholic beverages during the pregnancy, some women drank coffee containing caffeine and one female respondent smoked during the pregnancy. Nevertheless, it came out in the research survey that the female respondents have information with regard to the negative influences of alcohol or cigarettes. With respect to doing sports during the pregnancy, except one woman, they did sports safe and promoting health and they kept a good track of unsuitable activities during the pregnancy. With regard to travelling, they are more cautious, they fear for a health care in foreign countries. All women described an aeroplane as unsuitable and dangerous means of transport for the pregnant woman. They identified the Internet as the main source of information, but they also acquire information from friends, mothers or they derive from their previous pregnancy. Only some of them acquire information from the nurse-midwife, two of the respondent women take prenatal courses. Other female informants have already paid the prenatal courses. This implies from the research survey that only a small number of respondent women uses the consultancy and educational activity of the nurse-midwife. Information and results acquired with the research survey can help as a material for the nurse-midwives during the consultancy and educational activity.
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Health promotion at the 1st Primary School
Pospíšilová, Denisa ; Marádová, Eva (advisor) ; Komorná, Marie (referee)
The bachelor thesis topic is "Health Promotion at the 1st Primary School". The goal is to find out how are fullfiled the RVP ZV criteria from heatlh promotion. For the research were selected two Primary Schools in the Central Bohemian village Dolní Břežany. The theoretical part deals with the concept of health and its determinants. It describes ways how to promote health and reasons for supporting it in whole population. Thesis defines the concept of health literacy and the possibility of its increase among pupils at the 1st Primary Schools. It also mentions how health support is anchored in the RVP ZV and how is possible to build up surroundings at School, which will promote health. Further shows pupil characteristics of the younger school age and its developmental specifications. In the practical part, the bachelor thesis finds out how are fullfiled the RVP ZV criteria from heatlh promotion at two selected Primary schools. To achieve this it was used a qualitative survey based on two structured interviews for pupils at 1st Primary School and their teachers. Interviews were recorded to the recording device after that they were transferred to electronic version. In the conclusion part all acquired answers are evaluated and there are proposed few projects how to promote health.
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Health literacy of the residents of home for eldery
PLCHOVÁ, Aneta
The diploma thesis deals with the health literacy of the residents living in the homes for the elderly. The aim was to find out what is the seniors' level of health literacy, whether they are interested in raising it and whether they are able to participate in the care of their person and make decision about their health. The second objective of the thesis was to describe the role of the nurse in providing health literacy to the clients of the home for the elderly. In the theoretical part of the diploma thesis, we were dealing first with the concept of old age and aging for a comprehensive overview, and we summarized the concepts of health and illness in old age and issues of geriatric nursing and nursing care in homes for the elderly. We analyzed in detail individual areas of health literacy, the acquired knowledge was applied in the research section. The objectives were achieved through a qualitative research in the form of semi-structured interviews. The set for research was chosen on purpose. In the set, there were clients of retirement homes and nurses that works in these homes. The research part focused on the identification of seniors' health literacy took place in two stages, a cognitive function test was first performed with the selected seniors, and it was then followed by an in-depth interview with cognitively intact seniors. The data were processed using text coloring. In the research focused on seniors, there were created 4 categories with 9 subcategories and in the nurse's research, there were 3 categories with 7 subcategories. The research shows that the level of health literacy of the elderly population differs depending on the specific area of health literacy, but it can be summed up that the seniors generally have insufficient health literacy due to the abandonment of initiative and responsibility in the care of their person and decision-making about their health status to the medical staff. In order to increase their health literacy, education is needed especially in the effect of lifestyle on health, the preventive behaviour, the causes and the possible complications of the diseases and the side effects of the used drugs. In the second part of the research we found that the role of a nurse in the home for the elderly is not only irreplaceable in increasing the health literacy of seniors, but very time and psychologically demanding, therefore, it always does not reach the qualities that the nurses themselves would like.
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