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Heterologous expression of the E7 oncoprotein from human papillomavirus HVP16
Lidický, Ondřej ; Hudeček, Jiří (advisor) ; Mach, Otakar (referee)
Production of vaccines and pharmaceutical proteins in plants is a promising nascent technology with a great potential to provide high-quality, safe and non-expensive production and delivery platform. In this work we studied the experimental vaccine against human papillomavirus based on modified plant pathogen - Potato virus X (PVX). The experimental vaccine is based on PVX virus particles decorated with genetically fused HPV-E7 oncoprotein. These chimeric virus particles should be able to activate strong and specific cellular immune response. However the modification of the PVX coat protein with such relatively large fused protein might influence its ability to form particles. In this work we have characterized some properties of such chimeric virus particles like solubility or ability infect host plant. (In Czech)
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Nutritional requirements of ticks.
PERNER, Jan
Ticks acquire nutrients only by a parasitic nature of feeding on animals, including humans. During this process, a wide array of pathogens is transmitted. Ticks of the Ixodidae family receive exactly one blood meal in each active developmental. Knowing the trophic dependence of tick metabolism on the host blood meal components may enable discovering processes essential for the tick physiology and development. Exploiting a membrane system of tick feeding and whole blood fractionation, we have revealed that adult ticks need to acquire host haemoglobin-derived haem so that they can produce viable larvae, and reproduce. Haem is not further catabolised in ticks, and iron is thus acquired via independent route with the host serum transferrin as a source molecule. Using RNA-seq, we compared transcriptome compositions between guts of blood- and serum-fed ticks. We identified fifteen gut transcripts that change their levels with respect to the presence/absence of dietary red blood cells. Glutathione S-transferase, one of the identified encoded molecules, shows a clear haeminresponsive expression at both transcript and protein levels. Its apparent haem-binding properties suggest that this protein is directly involved in haem homeostasis maintenance within the tick gut. The ultimate goal of such research is to identify and verify targets that, when blocked, would render the acquisition and/or distribution system of haem in ticks nonfunctional. This would represent a novel way of anti-tick interventions in veterinary and human medicine.
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Influenza vaccination by the adult´s population
FILIPOVÁ, Kateřina
The topic of the bachelor thesis is Influenza vaccination by the adult's population. The theoretical part deals with an analysis of the illness, its history, clinical charakteristic, influenza viruses and their structure and mutability. This part also deals with transmission, incubation period, treatment, prevention and occurrence of the viruses. In addition, this part is focussed on the vaccination itself. I concentrated on vaccines, indication, contraindication, side effects and interaction and vaccination of the adults. It was also necessary to mention Pandemic Plan of the Czech Republic and surveillance of influenza. As an extra item, we have added a subchapter called "Influenza in the Czech Republic in 2015" to the end of the theoretical part. The occurrence of the flu in terms of weeks since the beginning of the year is listed in the subchapter. The opinions on the vaccination are significantly varied and the thesis mentions both opinions in favour of and against the vaccination at the same time. In the practical part, three aims are defined. The aim of the thesis is to find out opinions among the adults on influenza, opinions on the influenza vaccination and the vaccination coverage among the adults as well. A quantitative surveillance based on the questionnaire method is a part of the thesis as well. The questionnaire based on the research assumptions was published on the internet in order to include as many respondents as possible. 322 people filled-in the questionnaire in three weeks. The results of the research were displayed in graphs. After the evaluation of the questionnaire, it was found out that research assumptions number 1 and 2 have been confirmed. The adults do not believe in the influenza vaccination and the vaccination coverage is low among the people. Research assumption number 3 has not been confirmed but it has not been refuted either. The majority of the respondents do not consider influenza a serious illness. On the other hand, they think that the illness can endanger their life. The thesis could be exploited for a better understanding of the problematic as people can clarify or extend information about the influenza vaccination and about the illness as well.
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Plasmid DNA vaccines
Machan, Radoslav ; Chroboková, Maria (referee) ; Rittich, Bohuslav (advisor)
Plasmid DNA vaccines are the new generation of vaccines with a great potential in prevention of many diseases. Recent studies and clinical test are aimed at prevention against cancer, hepatitis, malaria, HIV, influenza and other diseases. Recent main challenges covering plasmid DNA vaccines are associated with optimalization of each step of production and mainly purification steps allowing production of pDNA at kilogram levels. Main purification techniques used are based upon chromatographic methods, but research and development also shows other potential methods, like two-phase aqueous systems or magnetic microparticles as carriers. In experimental part of this thesis isolation of pUC 19 plasmid from Escherichia coli JM 109 (pUC 19) cell culture was performed via method of alkaline lysis. Isolation was verified by agarose gel electrophoresis. Isolated samples were purified in four repetitions with lithium chloride and magnetic microparticle carriers and the extent of purification was verified spectrophotometrically. Purified samples were visualised via agarose gel electrophoresis and results were compared.
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Construction of vaccine dispenser
Fux, Jan ; Klapka, Milan (referee) ; Dvořáček, Jiří (advisor)
The aim of this thesis is to perform a constructive design of a device for the batching and application of vaccination against rabies in stated size and shape. Vaccines will be dropped from the aircraft and therefore the crucial parameter is the shape and weight of our device. Subsequently, a functionality of this device will be tested. The thesis includes creation of 3D model, drawings of selected components, construction drawing and functional sample photo documentation
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Refusing of vaccination in the Vysočina region in the period 2010 - 2013
PALÁTOVÁ, Ilona
Vaccination in the Czech Republic has had a long tradition, belonging to the basic care within the paediatric prevention. It is a very effective protection for children and adults not only from infectious diseases but also their consequences. In these modern times, however, there are some voices questioning the usefulness and importance of mandatory vaccination. Fighting for its abolition comes from individuals as well as from organized groups that call the vaccination to be unethical, immoral and inhuman. The most common reason to refuse the vaccination is the belief that some vaccinations are not necessary. This issue is increasingly becoming the subject of many discussions, so I see it very topical.
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Production and functional characterization of tick salivary protease inhibitors
KOTÁL, Jan
Two cysteine and two serine protease inhibitors from a tick Ixodes ricinus saliva were overexpressed using a prokaryotic overexpression system and refolded to their native state. Both cysteine protease inhibitors were tested as potential antigens for an anti-tick vaccine showing no effect on tick feeding or reproduction. Various immunological methods were employed to test the potential immunomodulatory function of these proteins without success.
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Survey of vaccination coverage and vaccination discipline in compulsory vaccination
MAXOVÁ, Marie
The aim of this survey is also to determine vaccination coverage in compulsory vaccination of kids in the first years of life, compliance of vaccine dose timing with vaccination schedule and reasons why some children were not vaccinated. Another goal is to analyse the reasons for some kids in the first years of life being vaccinated late and whether some kids in groups most at risk are vaccinated against tuberculosis. We used a quantitative research method in the form of a cross-sectional study comprised of data collection and analysis. Our research sample consisted of children born in the years 2009, 2010 and 2011 in České Budějovice district. The reason why we have chosen this particular group of children is that (if applicable vaccination schedule had been adhered to) they were supposed to be fully vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, haemophilus influenzae b, Hepatitis B virus, poliomyelitis (DTPHibHB). This group of 831 children (427 boys and 404 girls) have been chosen by random sampling from practising paediatricians. These selected physicians provided us with data about all children born in above mentioned years. The results showed that overall vaccination coverage for Infanrix Hexa vaccine (four doses) is 98.2% and 97.26% for Priorix vaccine (two doses). Vaccination coverage for tuberculosis in the years 2009 and 2010 was 90.05%. In the first years of life, up to 88.1% of newborns were vaccinated against tuberculosis ? at least, according to vaccination schedule (and applicable Order). In the first year of life, 99.9% of children have been given three doses of Infanrix Hexa vaccine against diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, poliomyelitis, Haemophilus influenzae b invasive disease and Hepatitis B virus. In the first eighteen months of life, 97.4% of children in analysed sample were given fourth dose of said vaccine. 68.6% of children were given the first dose of Priorix-Tetra vaccine in the first fifteen months of life. In the following six to ten months, 75.4% of children were given the second dose. Further analysis revealed that in 40.5% of analysed records some vaccine dose timings were not met. The most common reason for vaccination delay was the state of health of the child. Two instances of vaccination delay were also caused by the omissions of parents. In 2010, indication for vaccination against tuberculosis was recorded for one newborn. In 2011, for four children from the analysed sample vaccination against tuberculosis was recommended. In all cases, vaccination against tuberculosis has been carried out in calmetisation centre. Taking into account my study and its results I can safely assume that the goals of my diploma thesis have been met and the hypotheses set forth have been confirmed by the research.
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Prevention of influenza in persons aged over 65 years and in persons with high-risk medical conditions in the district of Český Krumlov and their attitude toward vaccination.
ĎURIŠOVÁ, Markéta
The topic of my thesis is the issue of prevention of influenza in persons aged 65 years and persons with high-risk medical conditions in the district of Český Krumlov and their attitude toward vaccination. The study is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part a comprehensive knowledge of epidemiology, the cause, treatment and opportunities for the prevention of influenza are mentioned. The practical part is focused on a vaccination coverage survey and opinions on vaccination in people aged over 65 years and persons with high-risk medical conditions in the district of Český Krumlov and analysis of results obtained by the research investigation. The purpose of the study is to analyze the reasons that lead to small vaccination coverage of these groups and to find out how to increase vaccination rates. To obtain the data I used the method of quantitative research by means of anonymous questionnaires. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed. The final number for data processing was 190 questionnaires. In connection with the study I set out four hypotheses. The hypotheses were confirmed or refuted on the basis of my investigation assessment. The research results have shown that the most frequent reason for non-vaccination is the lack of information the respondents have about influenza disease and influenza vaccination. This implies the fact that the most respondents do not believe in the effects of vaccination, and many people do not perceive influenza as a serious condition. Therefore, through this study I would like to emphasize the importance of information that can help people consider the risk of influenza disease and encourage them to use vaccination.
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Factors influencing consumer decision on the selection of pneumococcal vaccines
Janovská, Pavlína ; Lešetický, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kandilaki, Daniela (referee)
This thesis deals with problems of vaccination, which is today a very discussed topic. Thesis is focused on general information about immunization, vaccine calendar, safety and legislation on vaccination. In the thesis is also examined public opinion about vaccination. The thesis is mainly focused on optional vaccination against pneumococcal infections. Specifically looks at the factors which influence consumer decision-making in the selection of pneumococcal vaccines. Compared are the two competing preparations, Synflorix and Prevenar. The objective of the thesis is to identify and compare factors influencing the consumer choice of vaccine against pneumococcal infections.
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