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Social status in Vocational Education and Training (VET) in the Czech Republic over the past 15 years, and an international comparison
Korbel, Václav ; Münich, Daniel
The Czech Republic (CZ) has an historically strong system of vocational education and training (VET), which around 30% of first-year high school (HS) students enter each year. How many students should enter VET has often been debated. However, which students select into VET and how their composition has changed over time has been less examined. This study maps these phenomena by measuring the social status linked to VET programs in the Czech Republic since 2003. Based on previous literature, we define social status as the relative difference in PISA scores of first-year VET students compared to first year students at other types of high schools. The social status thus reflects which students chose VET, and is the sum of various factors that influenced their choice – the expected quality of education, employment prospects after graduation, and the perception and opinions of parents and primary school classmates. If the relative PISA scores of VET students decreased in comparison to those of students who entered other types of high schools from one PISA wave to another, we can interpret this as a decrease in the social status of VET students.
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Shape variability of proximal and distal human tibia.
Brzobohatá, Hana
The aim of this study was to detect and describe the trends in shape variability of proximal and distal human tibia related to sex, age, social status and time period. The variability of its shape and form was analysed first in an early medieval sample, then in two modern populations, an early 20th century sample and the contemporary Czech population. Finally, data from the whole studied time span were analysed. The initial raw data were acquired by optical scanning and computed tomography (CT) scanning of the lower limbs; the three-dimensional bone surfaces of the contemporary tibias were segmented from the clinical CT scan sequences. Geometric morphometrics and multivariate statistical methods were applied to study the variations in shape and form quantitatively. Proximal and distal tibias were evaluated independently, and the potential influence of sex, age at death and time period were investigated. In the early medieval population, we also explored the relationship between tibial morphology and presumed social status derived from the respective grave location within the settlement. Because traditional morphometric analysis revealed statistically significant sex differences in the parameters of both tibial extremities (e.g., Steyn and Işcan, 1997; Šlaus et al., 2013), we thus assumed the...
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Transition from Working Life to Retirement
KUNOVÁ, Aneta
The bachelor thesis was focused on the transition from active life to retirement. The topic of this work was very topical. It deals with adults in active working life who were preparing for the next stage of life, considering retirement options, or partially or fully continuing their employment. The thesis was divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part defines the basic concepts, describes the period of active aging and preparation for old age. Attention was paid to the pension system. Furthermore, the transition from working life to retirement pension was described, which describes retirement pension, its conditions of entitlement, necessary steps to obtain it and timing of departure. The aim of the thesis was to describe how people in pre-retirement age live their current life period, how they prepare for the post-employment and retirement periods, and what factors influence their decisions on termination of employment and retirement. To carry out the research part of the thesis was used qualitative type of research and semi-structured interview technique. The research sample was made up of people who are of pre-retirement age and are considering terminating or continuing their employment. The results were processed by the open coding method. The research was to determine whether people are thinking about preparing for old age and retirement life, what they are aware of the conditions for retirement, what decisions they make and what they expect from life after leaving employment. Work can serve as material for people approaching retirement age. It can help to specify indicators of transition from active life to retirement.
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Nurse in the course of time and her social and professional status.
ŘEZNÍČKOVÁ, Pavlína
The profession of a nurse has been formed for a long time and this process still continues. At first, it was laic care, then charity care which was later transformed into organized therapeutic care. The quality of therapeutic care has been increasing thanks to the expert knowledge of the people who provided this care. Historical development helps the understanding and setting of the main factors of progress in the nursing profession. The nursing profession is still gaining importance which is connected with the permanent growth of qualification. For this bachelor thesis 3 goals were set: 1) To analyse the available literature about nurses' social and professional status over history. 2) To chart nurses' social and professional status over history. 3) To create an informational material about nurses' social and professional status over history. This bachelor thesis is theoretical. It was made by secondary data analysis method. It was necessary to study a great amount of specialized Czech and English literature, qualification theses, expert articles and internet databases. The output and the benefit of the thesis is the informational material that is intended for the laics and the experts as well. It also clarifies the development of the nurse profession and its social status in countries other than our own
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French university as a zone of equal chances
Normarková, Kateřina ; Jančík, Jiří (advisor) ; Nováková, Sylva (referee)
This work freely follows the bachelor thesis Social predeterminations for studying in France. The content studies evolution of french educational system and experts opinions on problematics of equal chances in acces to the education. Pierre Bourdieu and Raymond Boudon reflect in their theories changes in society after 1968, student protests and crisis of universities, and ask how to solve them. Interviews with University of Avignon's students and teachers and questionnaire research brought many important ideas which helped to explore the difference of entering to two academic insitutions: university and grand école. KEY WORDS: education, predetermination, social status, french educational system, school reformes
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Advanced age of Roma seniors and its issues
MARTÍNKOVÁ, Nikola
The bachelor thesis focuses on age of gypsy seniors. The main focus of my bachelor thesis is to describe the age of gypsy seniors, their needs and subjective perception of a social status in a family. Also to find out reasons why the gypsy seniors are not being placed in a retirement home and to describe the way how the gypsy people take care of their seniors. The bachelor thesis consists of expressions such as gypsy, age, social status and social work. It also describes the history of gypsies from the beginning of their mentioning until our present. I focus on gypsy family, their tradition and the age of seniors. At the age I focus on the main needs and occurring changes. My research goals was to find out reasons the gypsy seniors are not being placed in the retirement home. I chose three age categories of gypsy seniors for my research. The first category are seniors from 65 to 70 years, the second category are seniors from 71 to 80 years and the third category are seniors from 80 years +. During my research I found out that I am not able to obtain the third category since I had the informants based on the snow ball technique, therefore no one from my informants knew any senior older 80 years. This is the reason why my is my research based on two categories only. Next the research focuses on the second category. This category is about offsprings of the gypsy seniors. Half structured interviews were done with eight gypsy seniors and their eight offsprings. The result of this work was to find out the opinion of the gypsy seniors and their offsprings on the retirement home. Also how the gypsies take care of their seniors and what needs the seniors have. I hope and believe that everyone will benefit from the knowledge of this bachelor thesis.
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Brand product as a symbol of young participants
Hejmalíčková, Veronika ; Novotná, Eliška (advisor) ; Marková, Agáta (referee)
This thesis is focused on perception of product brands by the younger generation. In theoretical part there are described expert facts which are related with topic of the thesis and they are necessary for understanding of research part. There are more developed concepts such as: social status, social identity of a young actor, the younger generation and its shopping behavior and also product brand. Research part deals with concrete young collective, through which tries to achieve two goals. The first goal is to find out if the brand fills the brand elements for pupils of primary school and the second one is to find out if wearing Nike shoes is status sign of the pupils. The results of this thesis could be benefit for marketing departments of fashion companies.
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Explanation of professional and educational visions of pupils in the ninth grade
Vařeková, Karolína ; Remr, Jiří (advisor) ; Petrúšek, Ivan (referee)
1 Abstract This thesis is focused on the interpretation of the ninth-grade pupil's conceptions of hierarchical segmentation of society based on profession and obtained degree of education. Its main goal is to clarify student's perception of inequalities of social status among different work positions and to understand impact of study achievements on their vertical grouping. Theoretical part deals with sociological theories to explain the role of occupation and education in formation and maintenance of social stratification. Analytical part validates theoretical explanations by qualitative research conducted within one ninth class. Research questions are answered by qualitative analysis of data acquired by in-depth semi-structured interviews. Student's conceptions correspond to the basic three-dimensional hierarchical classification of the social layers defined in theoretical part. Mutual inequalities of those layers depend mainly on the level of work position which is related to particular layers. Pupils perceive different social status among vertically segmented vocational groups to be justified because individuals within those categories are distinguished by different personality traits. Achievement of specific social status depends to a great extent on educational performance, which is a measure of...
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