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From Self-Selection to System Selection: Czech Vocational Education in Captivity of the Labor Market
Kotrbová, Monika ; Šanderová, Jadwiga (advisor) ; Tuček, Milan (referee)
The diploma thesis "From Self-Selection to System Selection: Czech Vocational Education in Captivity of the Labor Market" responds to current efforts to divert some students from graduation due to the unification of entrance and final examinations and stricter admission conditions, in a system that is characterized by a high relationship between social background and education, which also tends to strengthen. The thesis aims to identify and describe the main selective mechanisms and institutional barriers of the Czech education system through secondary data analysis, as a result of which students are systematically allocated to secondary vocational schools and subsequently to specific positions in the labour market, which are associated with economic and social instability. The main mechanisms identified by this paper are the distribution of educational opportunities through the differentiation of educational paths accompanied by young age selection of pupils, the associated emphasis on personal responsibility in choosing an educational path, which is highly determined due to conditionality by social origin, and the concept of entrance and final exams as high-stakes of standardized testing, which represents an insurmountable mental and factual barrier for pupils from disadvantaged backgrounds. The...
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Gender Differences in Life Satisfaction
Tolnykina, Anastasiia ; Pertold-Gebicka, Barbara (advisor) ; Chadimová, Kateřina (referee)
What is happiness? This question has been asked by people throughout the entire existence of mankind. Initially, this problem was considered by philosophers who studied it from different perspectives. To date, identifying the sources of happiness and their dependence on external factors has not lost its relevance. Conversely, it became deeper, since economists have also joined in the study of this issue. A number of new approaches to the analysis of the level of happiness has appeared, and the research results can have a significant impact on the economic and social policy of countries. My thesis concentrates on gender differences in these measures, which is a topic of interest nowadays. Women's rights have highly improved over recent decades. How has it changed female life satisfaction? Has it somehow affected male happiness? These are the questions I consider in my research.
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Postavení a práva žen ve Východním Timoru
Šafaříková, Sabina
This bachelor thesis deals with a topic of gender inequality and women rights. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate status of women in East Timor and compare them to the conditions of men. In the theoretical part, the thesis is generally focused on the explanation of the terms gender and gender inequality. In practical part on example of East Timor thesis closely examines basic human rights, such as right to education, right to health care and property ownership with regard to their implementation with female population. There are suggestions provided in the conclusion to stop the deepening of gender inequality in East Timor.
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Inequality and housing poverty in Bolivia since Morales government
Morales, Ivan
This thesis analyzes the proposals of the Bolivian government in force from 2006 to the present to combat issues of poverty and inequality. Describing the programs elaborated by the MAS government, which consist of three economic bonds, the Juancito Pinto bond (education), the Juana Azurduy bond (health) and Renta Dignidad (senior citizens). As well as analyzing the government's response to the housing situation. Describing the government agency AEVIVIENDA, its programs, and finally making an analysis of the situation in terms of quantitative and qualitative housing in relation to these programs. Demonstrating if indeed poverty and inequality has been improved during the period of Evo Morales government.
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North South, East West: Modern Inequality of Germany and its Reflection in the Political Discours
Kindl, Jakob ; Nigrin, Tomáš (advisor) ; Handl, Vladimír (referee)
Bachelor Thesis - Abstract Kindl Jakob The bachelor thesis deals with the topic of inequality between the northern and southern federal states of Germany. First, it seeks to place the north-south division into a historical context - Germany was characterized by a north-south divide for a long time. Whether it was Austro-Prussian dualism, an industrial orientation against the agrarian one, or a confessional distinction between Southern Catholics and Northern Protestants. The bachelor's thesis therefore deals with where the border between north and south is located. Since the existence of the north-south border is not as clear a discrepancy as the west-east border, it must first have been proved in the thesis that the differences between north and south prevail. The author quantitatively compares economic and social data published by the federal government. These data include GDP, unemployment, indebtedness, willingness to invest or education. In all selected criteria, the existence of a difference between a richer, more educated and less indebted south and a poorer, less educated and more indebted north was confirmed. However, the north-south division affects not only the western Länder but also the New Bundesländer. After dividing the eastern Bundesländer into southern Saxony and Thuringia and comparing...
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Does Foreign Aid Decrease Inequality? Evidence from the Most Recent Data
Umlaufová, Anna ; Baxa, Jaromír (advisor) ; Pleticha, Petr (referee)
Income inequality is an alarming issue affecting especially developing countries, yet very scarce attention is paid to how it is influenced by development aid. This study investigates the relationship, focusing on modern approaches to foreign assistance which have changed considerably since 1999. With a sample of 123 developing countries, the effect is estimated using both static and dynamic panel data techniques while controlling for the Kuznets curve. The results show that robust to method and functional form, development aid neither improves nor worsens inequality. Nonetheless, estimating the model for specific groups of countries in the sample yields different, statistically significant results, while also depending on political environment. JEL Classification D31, F35, C23 Keywords Inequality, Foreign Aid, Panel Data Title Does Foreign Aid Decrease Inequality? Evi- dence from the Most Recent Data Author's e-mail anna.umlaufova9@gmail.com Supervisor's e-mail jaromir.baxa@fsv.cuni.cz
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Equality: age and gender (Czechia, Denmark, France, Poland)
Černá, Tereza ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Kalibová, Květa (referee)
Equality: Age and gender Abstract Diploma thesis addresses age and gender inequalities in Czechia, Denmark, France and Poland, based on Special Eurobarometer 437 and Special Eurobarometer 465. It introduces basic terms connected with inequality in society as well as terms related to gender and age discrimination. The analytical part is focused on different perceptions of age and gender inequality by respondents from four selected countries. The questions are also analysed on base on the respondent's gender and their age group, either 25-34, or 55-64 years. The conclusion of the conducted survey data analysis is, that society in Czechia and Poland inclines towards gender-based prejudices and stereotypes more, than society in Denmark and France, which may be a consequence of stronger emphasis on gender equality in Western European countries. Age discrimination is more often noticed by Czech and French respondents, but it is clear, that respondents from all four countries perceive ageism as very serious and do not see adopted anti- discrimination measures as sufficient. Key words: discrimination, inequality, stereotypes, ageing, ageism, age discrimination, gender discrimination, Czechia, Denmark, France, Poland
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Factors of education in Africa and their regional differentiation
Tillová, Petra ; Hasman, Jiří (advisor) ; Kolomazníková, Jana (referee)
Factors of education in Africa and their regional differentiation Abstract Education is one of the primary driving forces of development and its importance in the poor countries is undoubtable. The aim of the diploma thesis is to identify the most significant factors affecting education in African states and to analyse them by using of the additional sources and data. The theoretical part points out the complexity in the education and introduces selected approaches in the education studies. The empirical part consists of the research of summary reports by UNDP (MDGs) and UNESCO (EFA) for countries with available reports in English; and analysis of particular factors connected of discussion with another scientific publications. These factors were classified on the basis of literature, to macro and micro factors first, subsequently according to the meaning. The most mentioned factors in the summary reports were school factors (school expenditures, teacher quality), political and economic factors (poverty) or sociocultural factors (women status). According to the conducted research it is obvious that the complex perspective of this issue and including as much factors as possible is essential. The variation coefficient was set for the possibility to find regional differentiation for particular groups of people...
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Income Inequality and Economic Growth: A Meta-Analysis
Posvyanskaya, Alexandra ; Havránková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Bauer, Michal (referee)
The impact of inequality on economic growth has become a topic of broad and current interest. Multiple researches investigated the issue but the disparity of opinions and empirical results is huge. The present thesis revises the pri- mary literature through a meta-analytical approach applying Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) estimation technique. We examine 562 estimates collected from 58 studies published between 1991 and 2015. I find the evidence of the publication bias presence in the literature. The authors of primary studies tend to report preferentially negative and significant estimates. The BMA results suggest that the effect of inequality on growth is not straightforward and is likely not linear. A single pattern for inequality/growth relationship is not fea- sible since the results vary across used income inequality measures, estimation methods and data structure and quality. JEL Classification D31, O10, C11, C82 Keywords meta-analysis, inequality, economic growth, Bayesian model averaging, publication bias Author's e-mail 23376990@fsv.cuni.cz Supervisor's e-mail zuzana.havrankova@fsv.cuni.cz
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