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Modern phytotherapy - revision of usage of medicinal plants according to clinical trials
Krupová, Olga ; Siatka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kašparová, Marie (referee)
1 Abstract Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacognosy Student: Olga Krupová Supervisor: PharmDr. Tomáš Siatka, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Modern phytotherapy - revision of usage of medicinal plants according to clinical trials Key words: phytotherapy, medicinal plants, liver diseases, painful joints, nervousness and insomnia, clinical trials The aim of diploma thesis was to review the said effects of the herbs, to make a list of herbs used in popular traditional medicine of selected diseases and to verify their use by giving documented evidence. This thesis addresses in detail three ranges of problems in which the use of herbal therapy could be considered. Following three ranges of problems were selected: liver diseases, painful joints, nervousness and insomnia. Clinical studies were explored to substantiate the effects of individual herbs or their substances. Preclinical studies were used in case of deficiency in clinical studies. The outcome of this thesis was to approve or - on the contrary - to disapprove the effects quoted by the use of folk medicine herbs. From the result of this thesis it emerges, that not all popular quoted herbal indications are verified by sufficient evidence. However, for a considerable part of the quoted herbs their effects were...
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Complex characterisation of medical herbs and study of their utilization in food industry as a source of functional components
Burdějová, Lenka ; Kráčmar, Stanislav (referee) ; Šilhár, Stanislav (referee) ; Polovka, Martin (advisor)
Presented thesis deals with the complex characterization of extracts from medical plants using spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques, with emphasis on the influence of solvent, post-harvest treatment of the sample, location and year of production on selected parameters. Part of the work is devoted to application of selected extracts from medical plants in suitable form into beverages. The thesis is divided into two parts. At the first part of the work combination of electron paramagnetic resonance, ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry was applied for characterization of aqueous, ethanol and dimethylsulfoxide extracts from 10 selected medical plants, which were collected from two different locations during two years (2015, 2016) and post-harvestly treated by two ways (freezing, drying). In total, 39 parameters were determinated: namely total phenolic compounds content, total flavonoids content, 14 specific phenolic compounds, colour characteristics in the CIE L*a*b* system (L *, a*, b *, C*, h°, BI), radical-quenching activity using the cation radical of the 2,2'-azino-bis- (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), antioxidant/pro-oxidant activity using the spin trapping technique in the presence of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolin-N-oxide (DMPO)/potassium peroxodisulphate and content of 15 minerals (Al, As, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Pb, Zn). The results confirmed that the studied parameters of medical plants are influenced by the extraction system, post-harvest treatment of samples, year of production, origin of samples (locality) and species composition. It has been shown that the type of extraction solvent significantly affects the composition of the extracts. On the basis of these analyzes, for food application – the isolation of the main functional components (phenolic compounds, flavonoids) –50% ethanol, post harvest treatment by drying and samples of Mentha piperita, Melissa officinalis, Hypericum perforatum and Salvia officinalis were selected. The second part of the thesis was focused on the application of selected extracts of medical plants to beverages (syrups). The above mentioned plants, 25% ethanol instead of 50% ethanol (due to the limitation of the ethanol content in final raw material), were selected for the application. At first, extraction of medical plants was optimized. Suitable ratio of material and solvent (1:10), extraction time (8 h) and herb absorbency (50–62 %) were determined. The prepared extract after filtration was applied to the syrup concentrate in different ratios to produce one-species syrups and further sensorially tested to select the suitable recipe, the best flavour and basis for the production of two-species syrups. The mint syrup was the most tasty and generally the most acceptable one-species syrup, and sage syrup was selected as the basis for two-species syrups. Further, the most appropriate recipes of the two-species syrups were chosen, the most sensorially acceptable one was selected and further tested if it would be appropriate to colour them. Preferentially, it has been found that it is not necessary to colour two-species syrups. On the basis of the sensory analysis, it has been found that peppermint and sage-peppermint syrups were the most tasty and acceptable syrups, which could be, after further testing, produced industrially to enrich the food market.
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Sensory evaluation of drinks enriched with extracts of herbs
Scholzová, Kristýna ; Pořízka, Jaromír (referee) ; Vítová, Eva (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with sensory evaluation of herbal non-alcoholic beverages, being a part of a new product development. The theoretical part provides information concerning chemical composition, health effects, food applications and aroma compounds of the herbs of interest (peppermint (Mentha piperita), sage (Salvia officinalis), St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis). Another topic is a description of sensory methods, requirements and arrangement of the analysis, statistical methods, and also technological processes leading to herbal syrups and beverages production. The practical part comprises sensory analysis of a few, newly designed, formulas of one-component and two-component alcohol free herbal beverages. The sensory panel consisted of 40 students of master's and also doctoral study programme at Faculty of chemistry, University of Technology Brno. Four subsequent experiments are introduced, each of them consisting of a few sensory tests and including corresponding sensory forms attached. The sensory tests arrangement was based on currently valid Czech Technical Standards, using a ranking, descriptive, paired comparison, sensory profile testing and scaling methods. For the purpose of statistical evaluation, Friedman, Kruskal-Wallis, PCA and Faktor analysis were used. Level of abilities and sensory experience of panelists were found comparable to consumer testing. The results include sensory characteristics of all of the beverages tested. In general, the one-component beverages were preferred to the two-component beverages and the additive colouring with aronia concentrate wasn´t found any benefitial, from the sensory point of view. The consumer questionnaire proved all of the samples to be very promising, but based on the sensory results, we would consider the mint and the sage-mint beverages being the most potentialy applicable samples.
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VLIV HNOJENÍ LÉČIVEK NA KVALITU PRODUKTU A JEHO VYUŽITÍ
FLAŠKOVÁ, Jana
The aim of my thesis was processing a literature review on the topic: The influence of medicinal plants fertilization on the quality of the product and its use. In the first part I focused on general characteristics of medicinal plants, the substances contained, methods of sowing and planting, storage and elicitation. In the second part of my work was a priority to highlight the differences in cultivation, nutrition and fertilization of various species of medicinal plants further evaluation of the quality of drugs and their use in various fields of modern western medicine.In the third part, I suggested the optimal way of fertilization of selected medicinal plants and suggested processing product technology for private farm.
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Proměny zeleninových záhonů během vegetačního období
Zavadilová, Anna
In the vegetation period of 2014 at the experimental field of ZF MENDELU Lednice was started experimental flowerbed which was divided into three parts - Bed of stalk and leaf vegetables, flowerbed of climbing crop plants and flowerbed of unusual vegetables. The aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate the aesthetic transformation of ornamental vegetable beds during the growing season. For the matter was compiled literature search. On the basis of knowledge and experience in the cultivation experiment was evaluated and interpreted with the use of its results in the further practice. Best suited vegetable taxa were selected for its successful cultivation of ornamental vegetable beds in the climatic conditions of the Czech Republic and for its aesthetic effect in ornamental flowerbed over a long period of time. Keywords: monastery gardens, culinary and medicinal plants, kitchen garden, ornamental vegetable beds, potager, vegetables.
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Kultivace vybraného sortimentu léčivých a kořeninových rostlin v podmínkách ekologického zemědělství
Vorlíček, Čestmír
Main purpose of this thesis is to concentrate information about actual assortment medicinal, aromatic and root plants (MARP) in Botanicus Company. From the entire assortment of medicinal plants were chosen these: Calendula officinalis, Lavandula angustifolia, Matricaria recutita, Melissa officinalis, Mentha x piperita, Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis, Symphytum officinale. Health, term of reaping and yeild is being monitored due to ensure superior resources for production of natural cosmetics. Also there are silvicultural practices, term of reaping and way of processing in the ecological farming´s conditions. Also overall amount of flavinoids and overall antioxidant capacity. Final results are processed in charts and graphs.
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Allergics reactions to herbal medicines in childern
Meincke, Ricarda ; Pokladníková, Jitka (advisor) ; Marešová, Helena (referee)
Background: The use of herbal medicines in children and adolescents is continually on the rise. Contrary to popular belief, herbal products (HPs) are not always a safe alternative to conventional drugs and can cause a variety of adverse events such as severe and fatal allergic reactions. In regards to herbal medicine use in children, a recently published systematic review that searched PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO and AMED included 58 studies from 19 countries and found overall herbal lifetime use to be between 0.8-85.5 % and 2.2-8.9 % for current use. Unlike most synthetically produced drugs, the adverse event profile of such "natural" preparations in children has rarely been studied. To this date, effective systems that monitor adverse drug events (ADRs) and long term side effects associated with HPs are either non-existent or still developing in many countries. Due to insufficient and inconsistent ADR reporting, little is known about the ADR spectrum of herbals in pediatric patients. Awareness of the potential of HPs to cause ADRs, particularly in children and adolescents, needs to be increased and reporting to national pharmacovigilance centers (PVCs) reinforced. Objectives: This project analyzed the worldwide adverse event data for herbal drugs related to hypersensitivity reactions as recorded in...
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Medicinal plants: analysis of biology textbooks and the project proposal for lower secondary school
Valčíková, Marie ; Pavlasová, Lenka (advisor) ; Skýbová, Jana (referee)
This thesis Medicinal plants: analysis of biology textbooks and the project proposal for lower secondary school is focused on project-based learning at lower secondary school on the subject of medicinal plants and on the analysis of biology textbooks in the context of the topic. The first part is devoted to the theoretical bases on the method of project-based learning and theory about medicinal plants. The theoretical part of the project-based learning involves the historical development of project-based learning and the current concept of project-based learning. The theoretical part devoted to medicinal plants presents a view of this issue, focusing on the basic active substances of plants and their harvesting, drying and storage. The following is part of the research, which includes quite an extensive analysis of biology textbooks on the subject of medicinal plants. This section presents a considerable part of the thesis and thus represents a valuable material for teachers who want to deal with medicinal plants in their classes. Another key part of this work is design and implementation of project-based learning on the subject of medicinal plants at the lower secondary school. This chapter is focused on the process of creation of the project "Plant treasures of our garden", which is designed by...
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Possibilities of affecting secondary metabolites production in "in vitro" cultures of medicinal plants
Sojková, Kristýna ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Martin, Jan (referee)
1 ABSTRACT Possibilities of affecting secondary metabolites production in in vitro cultures of medicinal plants Elicitation is one of the methods used for increasing the production of secondary metabolites.The aim of this work was to affect the flavonoid production in callus and suspension cultures of St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.). Abiotic elicitor selendioxide in various concentrations (9.012.10-3 mol/l; 9.012.10-4 mol/l; 9.012.10-5 mol/l) was added in in vitro culture. The content of flavonoids was determinated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The samples were taken after 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 168 hours after elicitor treatment. Selendioxide raised the production of hyperoside and quercitrin. The highest content of hyperoside (0.2 %) was detected after selendioxide (in concentration of 9.012.10-3 mol/l) treatment and 168 hours sampling in suspension culture. The highest production of quercitrin (0.37 %) was reached after selendioxide treatment (in concentration of 9.012.10-3 mol/l) and 6 hours sampling also in suspension culture. Production of flavonoids in callus cultures wasn't so much affected in comparison with suspension cultures after elicitor treatment. Flavonoid releasing into nutrient medium was also studied. The highest content of hyperosid (1.02 mg/100ml) was found in...
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