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The relationship between postural stability and physical activities
Gryc, Tomáš ; Zahálka, František (advisor) ; Janura, Miroslav (referee)
In the study "The relationship between postural stability and physical activities", we focused on determining the level of postural stability and the possibility of influencing by appropriate means of exercise intervention in people with increased physical activity and persons with physical limitations. Persons with increased physical activity were top players and players competing in various sports (football, handball, volleyball, golf) and those with physical limitations, patients suffering from diseases that have a negative impact on postural stability (Friedrich's ataxia, autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia, Charlot-Marie- Tooth). Upright posture in stance and movement is a fundamental prerequisite for human bipedal locomotion. Postural stability is the ability to maintain an upright posture, which advises the motor and coordination skills, and its meaning is close to equilibrium abilities. Maintaining an upright posture is ensured by muscle activity, which is controlled by the central nervous system based on information from internal and external environment. Control of postural stability is the primary prerequisite for successful movement and as such it can be developed on the basis of appropriate physical activities. All methods of measuring static and dynamic postural stability can be...
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Foot and ankle kinematics in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome
Janáková, Daniela ; Zahradník, Petr (advisor) ; Chládek, Petr (referee)
Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAI) is a hip impairment, which is according to recent studies significant contributor to hip osteoarthritis. Current research is dedicated to evaluate movement patterns of hip, pelvis and spine in patients with FAI using a motion analysis capture system. Biomechanics and kinesiology relations between spino-pelvic complex and lower limb joints led us to choose the topic of this thesis. The goal of this study was to define the movements of ankle and foot in patients with FAI syndrome and to compare with asymptomatic control group. To measure the parameters during gait we used Qualisys motion capture system and then the data were processed in Qualisys Track Manager 2020.03. We assessed the movements of ankle, rearfoot and the progression foot angle during the stance phase of gait cycle. Moreover, we measured the step length, gait speed and passive range of motion of the hip in both exploratory groups. In total we examinated 30 subjects, 15 with FAI syndrome and 15 asymptomatic volunteers with physiologic hip condition. We demonstrated three significant between group changes in average ankle range of motion in sagittal plane, foot progression angle and passive range of motion of the hip.
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Kinematic of cervical thoracic spine in the context of whole body posture
Vláčilová, Ivana ; Šorfová, Monika (advisor) ; Tlapáková, Eva (referee) ; Ravnik, David (referee)
Title: Kinematic of cervical thoracic spine in the context of whole body posture Problematics: This work describes the kinematics of upper thoracic spine during specific movement of the shoulder girdle. The kinematic changes are evaluated with the relationship of the whole body posture. Aim: To develop the objective evaluation of the posture and the amount of the segmental spinal movement of cervical thoracic spine. To describe the relationship between the specific movement of arm - adduction and external humeral rotation - and the posture using 3D kinematic analysis. To objectify this tested movement as a diagnostic tool or a therapy for forward head posture. Methods: The theoretical part of this work summarizes the current knowledge of poor posture and there is defined the upright posture. The experimental part describes the measurement of the movement of shoulder girdle and its response to the axial system using 3D kinematic analysis. Result: The results of kinematic 3D motion analysis show that the external humeral rotation with adduction of the shoulder leads to the upright posture if there is the horizontal position of the thorax and pelvis. The posture was divided due to the physiological or pathological response with this simple movement. Conclusion: A new model for evaluation of the...
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The relationship between postural stability and physical activities
Gryc, Tomáš ; Zahálka, František (advisor) ; Janura, Miroslav (referee) ; Vavák, Miroslav (referee)
In the study "The relationship between postural stability and physical activities", we focused on determining the level of postural stability and the possibility of influencing by appropriate means of exercise intervention in people with increased physical activity and persons with physical limitations. Persons with increased physical activity were top players and players competing in various sports (football, handball, volleyball, golf) and those with physical limitations, patients suffering from diseases that have a negative impact on postural stability (Friedrich's ataxia, autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia, Charlot-Marie- Tooth). Upright posture in stance and movement is a fundamental prerequisite for human bipedal locomotion. Postural stability is the ability to maintain an upright posture, which advises the motor and coordination skills, and its meaning is close to equilibrium abilities. Maintaining an upright posture is ensured by muscle activity, which is controlled by the central nervous system based on information from internal and external environment. Control of postural stability is the primary prerequisite for successful movement and as such it can be developed on the basis of appropriate physical activities. All methods of measuring static and dynamic postural stability can be...
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Detection of Signs of Fatigue in Functional Tests in Healthy Population by OpenPose
Skalová, Tereza ; Nováková, Tereza (advisor) ; Šorfová, Monika (referee)
Title: Detection of Signs of Fatigue in Functional Tests in Healthy Population by OpenPose Objectives: The aim of this study is if the OpenPose system can detect changes in range of motion and unwanted movements of other segments in repetitive a full arm abduction test with weight and a single leg stance based on comparation of changes in angles and relative distances between first and last seconds of the movement. Methods: This pilot study was dedicated to healthy people between 18 and 65 years. A video recording was made within an intervention while subjects were doing a full arm abduction test with weight and a single leg stance until the maximum endurance. Videorecording was processed by the OpenPose software which detects human movements base on algorithm without using a physical markers. Key point combinations (markers) were defined to obtain information about changes in movement and posture (angles, relative distances). Basic statistical measurements were done and compared between first and last seconds of the movement. Temporospatial data were collected to reach the results. Results: Almost all differences in key point combinations to detect arm abduction movement were evaluated as statistically significant. Changes in single leg stance were usually evaluated as not statistically...
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Kinematic analysis of running in children aged 6 to 8 years
Hrachovcová, Monika ; Slabý, Kryštof (advisor) ; Pokorný, Jan (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with the biomechanics of running and the kinematic analysis of running in children aged 6 - 8 years. The paper consists of two parts. The first part deals with the biomechanics of running and its development, running injuries and describes the kinematic analysis of running. The PubMed, the ScienceDirect Database and sources of the National Medical Library and of the Charles University were searched for creating this theoretical part. The second part describes the experiment - methods and its results. 70 children were recorded during overground running at spontaneous speed. The obtained video recording was measured using the Kinovea 0.8.12. program. The video was scrolled through frames and three moments of the stance phase (initial contact, midstance and moment toe-off) were detected. At these moments selected angles in the sagittal plane were analyzed. These angles were described in the terms of descriptive statistics. Certain characteristics subdivided the cohort into two groups. These were compared in kinematic parameters to determine statistically significant differences. The obtained values from the experiment are discussed and compared with the the values from the recent literature dealing with kinematics of running. At last the suggestions for further research are...
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MacPherson Suspension Kinematics Analysis
Trnková, Lucie ; Fojtášek, Jan (referee) ; Hejtmánek, Petr (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the influence of the position of significant points of MacPherson strut on kinematic characteristics. The first part contains a description of selected suspension parameters, their impact on the driving properties of the car, and a description of MacPherson strut. Furthermore, based on provided data, is prepared a detailed analysis of the influence of kinematics points to individual characteristics. In conclusion, all findings are synoptically summarized so that they can serve as a manual for change of the kinematic characteristics.
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Effect of strength training on postural stabilisation
Klein, Juraj ; Lopot, František (advisor) ; Kubový, Petr (referee)
Title: Effect of strength training on postural stabilisation. Objectives: The main objective of the theoretical part of the thesis was to summarize the knowledge concerning postural stabilization, strength training and possibilities of postural stability evaluation. The aim of the practical part was to find out what is the effect of strength training on postural stabilization. Methods: The thesis was measured in the premises of the Laboratory of Biomechanics FTVS UK in Prague and was attended by 10 probands. Participants underwent a four-week training plan to develop general strength abilities. We evaluated the impact of strength training by our provocation test and its 3D kinematic analysis using Qualisys optical system. The measurement consisted of an input part before the intervention and an output part after the intervention. The measured values were analyzed in Qualisys Track Manager and then transferred to Microsoft Excel, where they were evaluated and compared. Results: The results showed a significant difference between input and output measurements of postural stabilization. There was a significant improvement in stabilization after four weeks of training, with a noticeable improvement in stabilization on the lower left limb. Properly selected strength exercise has a positive effect on...
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Změny mechaniky pohybu koně v tahu při různé zátěži
PISCOVÁ MANDOVÁ, Paulína
Cold-blooded horses find their use at present mainly in tensile work in forest stands. Motion mechanics plays the key role in estimating their potential for performing this activity. Subsequently, it is used in their selection and reproduction. In the process, applied load the horse is working with significantly influences the characteristics of a movement. Therefore, for horses doing tensile work, an objective assessment of their movement mechanics is important, not only during demonstration but also under a changing load. The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate an experiment for assessing the quantitative characteristics of motion mechanics (step length, action height and running speed) of a cold-blooded horse with no load and with a load of different weight using videographic kinematic analysis. The data obtained were statistically processed to assess changes in step length, action height and running speed depending on the changing load. The results of our experiment showed that the step length decreases with increasing weight of the load. From an average value of 1.94 m at run without a load, it drops to an average value of 1.02 m at a maximum monitored load of 500 kg. A high dependence (r=-0.93) of the step length reduction on the tensile load was found. The dependence is strongly evincible (p<0.001). Changes in action height with increasing load weight are different for the forelimb and rear limb. The forelimb has an almost constant value (~ 0.08m) and no dependence (p=0.977) on the changing weight of the load has been demonstrated. The rear limb shows a strong correlation (p<0.001) to the increasing weight of the load. The correlation coefficient r=0.52 indicates only a slight dependence. This difference can be explained by different function and construction of the limb. The running speed derived from the horizontal marker from the tracking mark on the back is uniform in all observed cases and decreases from 1.95 m.s-1 to 1.19 m.s-1 with increasing weight of the load. The dependence is strongly evincible (p<0.001) and the correlation coefficient of r=-0.94 indicates a strong dependence. The results obtained from the horizontal head velocity component are very well matched to the spine results. The results provided by this method can be an invaluable tool in objective detection of utility and breeding potential of cold-blooded horse in tensile work. Based on these findings, we can recommend further development of videographic kinematic analysis application to objectify the evaluation of quantitative characteristics of motion mechanics for zootechnical and breeding practice.
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