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Modern states and genocides: the fate of Turkish Armenians and European Jews
Langrová, Martina ; Kosek, Jan (advisor) ; Agha, Petr (referee)
1 Abstract: Modern states and genocides: the fate of Turkish Armenians and European Jews This thesis focuses on the relationship of the modern state and genocide and examines how the formation of the modern state influences the development of crime of genocide. It also deals with the similarities and differences between the Armenian genocide and the genocide of the Jews. The work has set two goals. Comparison of both genocides, finding their intersection in relation to the modern state. Furthermore, the approach of the international community to the recognition of the Armenian genocide, which is still an important international theme, and the reasons why it is so. The first part discusses the development of international criminal law, the development of the term genocide and the way of settling the crime of genocide in the legal system. The next chapter focuses on the Armenian genocide. It describes in detail the causes, course and means that have been used to resolve the Armenian issue, including how international society has subsequently dealt with this situation. The following part deals with the basic aspects of the Holocaust in order to explain its course and the reasons for its origin. The Armenian genocide has more space in this part of the work than the Holocaust, as the Holocaust is used here for...
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Genocide, Holocaust and Law
Veselá, Karolína ; Kosek, Jan (advisor) ; Agha, Petr (referee)
Genocide, Holocaust and Law The topic of my thesis is Genocide, Holocaust and Law. The purpose of work is to reflect on the power of law surrounding mass murder. More specifically, it reflects on whether it is possible to use the law to carry out genocide or whether there is no connection. The main emphasis is placed on the genocide of the Jews (the Holocaust) and Nazi Law (both natural and positive). The thesis is divided into three main chapters which correspond to the title itself. The first chapter deals with genocide. It is divided into two main parts. First, genocide is generally described as an international crime, as the definition itself has been developed and a more detailed analysis of the general term genocide. The second part presents historical examples of genocides that preceded the Holocaust and their simple comparison with the Holocaust. More precisely, these are the Armenian Genocide, the Tasmanian Genocide, and the genocides perpetrated by the Mongol Empire. The second chapter deals with the Holocaust in the broader sense of the term - the period from 1933-1945. It is divided into seven subchapters. First, the difference between the Holocaust and other genocides is described in more detail, and the classification of the Holocaust as an industrial genocide is explained. The...
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Analysis of the Yazidi Genocide Discourse
Vejvodová, Nela ; Daniel, Jan (advisor) ; Záhora, Jakub (referee)
How to respond to ongoing genocide? How to punish her perpetrators? In 2014, world witnessed another modern genocide, the eradication of the whole ethnicity - the so-called Islamic State attacked an area in northern Iraq for centuries inhabited by members of a small but distinct ethnical group of Yazidi people. This diploma thesis deals with the establishment of discourse of Yazidi genocide, the process of recognition of events as genocide at the international level. In this work I investigate the definition of victims and aggressors and the international response to genocide, both in the media and political sphere. For the discourse of the Yazidi genocide was crucial to differentiate victims and violence against them from other events. Similarly, it was important to accurately name the perpetrators of genocide and treat them as a potential geopolitical threat, but as the cause of one of the worst crimes known to mankind. The discourse of the Yazidi genocide was largely determined by politicians - and, as I show in my work, the political dimension of events has pushed the humanitarian and legal ones behind. These all aspects take on the formation and maintenance of a given discourse.
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The term genocide in international law
Lukáč, Radovan ; Bílková, Veronika (advisor) ; Lipovský, Milan (referee)
According to the internation law, genocide is a crime commited by persons endowed with state power or is commited with knowledge of the state, violating important norms of international law. Thesis is analyzing term "genocide" since its birth. We owe coining of the term to Polish lawyer with Jewish heritage, Raphael Lemkin, who characterised it in year 1944 in hope, that it will help with prosecution and sentencing of nazi war criminals in Nurnberg. It, unfortunately, did not happen. Their were charged only with crimes against humanity and war crimes. Term "genocide" did not help to prove guilt of unlawful acts of the nazi clique against ethnic and national minorities, but tribunals have subsumed it under terms such as "extermination" or "mass killings". Only after the final judgements were passed and sentences carried out, was Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide adopted in 1948. To call unlawful acts a genocide, subjective and objective element must be present. Subjective element requires special intent to destroy, in whole or in part a national, ethnic, racial or religious group. To fulfill objective element, one of the acts ennumerated in Article II of Genocide convention must be commited. Thesis is analyzing term "genocide" as characterised in Genocide...
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The Comparison of Polish and Ukrainian Institutes of National Remembrance and their Interpretations of the Massacre of Poles in Volhynia
Lavrentev, Aleksei ; Vykoukal, Jiří (advisor) ; Zilynskyj, Bohdan (referee)
The thesis compares Polish and Ukrainian Institutes of National Remembrance, analyses Polish and Ukrainian dominant models of the collective memory and historical narratives of the massacre of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia 1943. The analysis also clarifies and compares interpretations of this phenomenon by Polish and Ukrainian Institutes. The subjects of the research are Polish and Ukrainian Institutions of National Remembrance themselves, as the main promoting tools of politics of memory in their states. The thesis covers a period from the revolutionary changes in Ukraine in 2014 (have changed Ukrainian historical narratives and politics of memory) to present days. Political situations in Ukraine (2014) and Poland (2015) are reflected in this thesis, as they are in the direct relation with changings in politics of memory, which have restored the conflict of memory. The first signs of the memory conflict (Yushchenko presidency and the first Law and Justice cabinet) are explained briefly, as thesis is focused on a current situation. The massacre of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia, which is the most tragic point of modern Polish-Ukrainian relations, is described as a sticking point between Poland and Ukraine. The analysis argues in detail that Polish and Ukrainian Institutes are...
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Impacts of 1990's genocide on population of Rwanda and its awareness about family planning
Jelínková, Kamila ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
Impacts of 1990's genocide on population of Rwanda and its awareness about family planning Abstract This thesis pursues the demographic development and the population's attitude to family planning in the state of Rwanda. The observed time period includes the second half of the 20th century to the present time. The first aim is the basic description of the demographic development of the state in relation to historical events. It's well known that wars have a negative impact on the population and economics of a state. The civil war broke out which brought big population losses in Rwanda in the 1990's. In this period the demographic revolution proceeded as it had in many other developing countries, which was important for the socioeconomic development of the state, and it was ceased as a consequence of the genocide. The Rwandan government at that time as one of the first governments began with the support of family planning programmes, which could have had a positive impact on the acceleration of the demographic transition. The second aim of the thesis is the determination whether the genocide had an impact on these governmental initiatives and stalled broadening of the awareness of family planning among the population this way, namely by means of media. The last aim of the thesis is the determination whether...
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Modern states and genocides : the fate of Turkish Armenians and European Jews
Šeferna, Václav ; Kosek, Jan (advisor) ; Pithart, Petr (referee)
Modern states and genocides: the fate of Turkish Armenians and European Jews This thesis primarily explores the relationship between modernity, modern thinking and modern state on one hand and the Holocaust, Armenian genocide or other genocides, on the other. The purpose of my thesis is to answer the question whether a modern state can be considered a perpetrator of both these tragedies. Furthermore, in my thesis I investigate the causes of these genocides and mainly the influence of nationalism, bureaucracy and racism. The first part of the thesis is devoted to genocide and implementation this concept in international criminal law. I deal with the emergence of this concept and its subsequent development as an independent crime under international law. In the second part I deal with the classification of genocides. First, I deal with the typology of genocides by individual authors. I also examine the differences between traditional massacres and modern genocide, name the pivotal features of modern genocide and try to answer the question of whether it makes sense to use the term "traditional genocide" at all. In the next chapter I focus on the Armenian genocide. This part begins with a short introduction of the Armenians, a quick overview of their history and a description of the Armenian situation in the...
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Komparace rwandské a kambodžské genocidy na základě úspěšnosti potrestání jejich viníků
Kolářová, Ivana
Comparison of Rwandan and Cambodian genocide based on the success of punishing their perpetrators. Brno: 2016. Bachelor thesis. Mendel University in Brno. Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies. Department of Territorial Studies. This bachelor thesis titled Comparison of Rwandan and Cambodian genocide based on the success of punishing their perpetrators focuses on the historical description of the incidents in Cambodia and Rwanda before and during the genocide, which burst out in the second half of the 20th century. Mainstay of the thesis focuses on establishment of courts that were created especially for the punishment of those guilty people of Cambodian and Rwandan genocide. In the case of Cambodia it is the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia and in the case of Rwanda it is the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. The thesis also focuses on capture and punishing the individuals responsible for above mentioned incidents.
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Eugenika v kontextu rozvojových zemí
Alanová, Markéta
Eugenics in context of development countries. Bachelor Thesis, Brno: Mendel University, Faculty of Regional Development and International Studies, 2016. Supervisor of bachelor thesis Mgr. Eva Taterová, M.A. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to compare eugenics manifestations in two world areas and that in Rwanda and Tibet. Thesis deals with gradual development of eugenics and its outcome application in those two mentioned areas with an outline of their historical context. Bachelor thesis reveals interesting findings about gene pools manipulation as an important mile stones in this science field. At the end of the thesis are evaluated two similarities or different factors of two eugenics experiments (in Rwanda and Tibet).
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The Role of the Genocide in Rwanda on the Development of the African Union
Burianová, Kateřina ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Doboš, Bohumil (referee)
Genocide in Rwanda represents a significant historical milestone on global and regional level. The events in Rwanda in 1994 caused deaths of approximately one million people and showed that the international community's passivity towards ongoing genocide led African leaders to believe that the resolution of conflicts on the continent is primarily their responsibility. The Organisation of African Unity, as a key organisation unifying African states, was the best institutional instrument to ensure continental safety. However, the organisation faced several problems, so the Sirte Declaration on the establishment of the African Union was accepted in 1999 to replace the existing Organisation of African Unity. In 2002, the organisation's first official summit was held. The thesis examines the extent to which Rwandan genocide has influenced the development of the African Union, in particular on the issue of access to security and the concept of state sovereignty. Rwandan genocide is treated as an exogenous shock and a historical milestone, which has significantly influenced the thinking of changing the approach to conflict resolution and the concept of sovereignty. The theoretical framework of thesis is formed by a constructivist conception of sovereignty and an exogenous shock that completes the overall...
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