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Impact of urbanization on streams habitat quality
Stádníková, Monika ; Matoušková, Milada (advisor) ; Králová, Magdalena (referee)
Increased impervious cover associated with urbanization alters the natural cycling of water. Changes in the shape and size of urban streams, followed by decreased water quality, are the most visible effects of increased imperviousness. Greater frequency and severity of flooding, channel erosion and destruction of aquatic habitat commonly follow watershed urbanization. Alterations in the aquatic environment associated with these hydrological changes greatly compromise the normal functioning of waterways.
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Specifics of legal regulation of environmental protection in cities
Erbenová, Kateřina Alžběta ; Žákovská, Karolina (advisor) ; Fabšíková, Tereza (referee)
Specifics of legal regulation of environmental protection in cities Abstract The trend of modern society is urbanization, which includes the transfer of part of the population from the countryside to cities. However, along with this trend there is a higher concentration of people in cities, which leads to increased consumption of natural resources, production of pollutants and waste and other actions that have a negative impact on the urban environment. This thesis deals with the specifics of the urban environment and the legal tools that cities have available to improve this environment. The aim of the thesis was to define the concept of city in terms of both legal and urban, and based on this definition to define the differences between cities and the rest of the area and the impact of these differences on the urban environment. Subsequently, the thesis processes the legal regulation of particular subjects of the environment with a focus on urban areas. The aim is to describe the legislation relevant to the urban environment and the environmental protection tools available to cities. In terms of content, the work is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the concept of city and its definition in the legal system of the Czech Republic, but also the urban definition of this concept, the...
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"Fiat lux!" Public Lighting in Czech Towns in 19th and the Beginning of 20th Century
Jelínek, David ; Himl, Pavel (advisor) ; Pokludová, Andrea (referee)
The phenomenon of introducing public lighting in Czech cities is mainly associated with the increase in population in regionally important centres of industry, trade, craft, or administration. Unlike classical historiographical monographs, this work aims to investigate how the introduction of public lighting took place, who was involved in it, and what was at stake. Through the analysis of literary sources, particularly newspaper articles (both national and local) and archival records, the thesis seeks to highlight the attributes of light not only as a purely practical urban element, but also as a carrier of symbolic levels of security and progress. It is shown that light played an important role as a maintainer of security and prevented criminal behaviour by its presence. It is further revealed that light was a manifestation of civilization, education, and progress. Having public lighting on the streets was therefore not only a practical but also a symbolic issue. It was also reflected in the electoral programs of local political parties. It was not, however, the municipalities that incurred considerable costs in upgrading the lighting infrastructure (setting up gas plants, power stations, laying pipes); it was private entities that entered into contracts with municipalities for decades. However,...
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Biodiversity of green roofs
Matoušková, Kateřina ; Sedláček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Šípek, Petr (referee)
Green roofs offer interesting multifunctinaly solutions to many problems at once. In a small area they bring benefits to people and nature. They thermally insulate buildings, improve the local microclimate and reduce the city's heat island efect. Green roofs improve air quality and also help retain water in the landscape. In combination with solar panels and retention tanks, green roofs can contribute to the modern trend of building green - sustainable - buildings. Green roofs can be used for growing food sources and for relaxation as well. Wild plants can spontaneously colonize green roofs and thereby expand their habitats in cities. The plants create habitats for many animals (especially invertebrates) and provide nectar sources to pollinators. Except food habitats, they offer birds habitat for nesting and resting place during their migration. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the contribution of green roofs to urban biodiversity. At present, howewer, most scientific studies deal with the advantges of green roofs in connection with enviromental protection or the technical side. A small part of the studies examines the biodiversity of green roofs. My goal was to find out which factors influence a biodiversity of green roofs the most and to design an ideal roofs solution with the greatest...
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Analysis of Presentation of Motif of Slum and Life in it in Czech Media in 2010-2017
Kučerová, Zuzana ; Klabíková Rábová, Tereza (advisor) ; Soukup, Martin (referee)
The thesis deals with the media presentation of world slums in the Czech environment throughout 2010-2017. According to the latest estimates, more than one billion people live in slums today. It is safe to assume that the population in these slums will grow in the next decades. Most slums are located in the urban areas of developing states, which have higher urbanisation rates compared to the more developed countries. Slums are crowded places in cities where the residents live in substandard conditions that includes lack of drinking water, poor sanitation, lack of sewerage and health care and so on. The thesis focuses on the media coverage of five slums (Kibera, Dharavi, Khayelitsha, Ciudad Neza and Orangi Town), which rank among the biggest in the world. The work briefly summarizes the social construction of reality theory according to T. Berger and P. L. Luckmann, the media construct of reality and news value. It explains the concepts of slum, developing country, urbanisation, and the refugee crisis. It examines the texts by combining quantitative and qualitative content analysis. Quantitative content analysis is based on three research questions and six hypotheses. Newton Media database used for the research provided relevant contributions from newspapers, magazines and their internet mutations,...
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Effect of urban gradient on composition of bat communities in Central European landscapes.
Kočí, Jakub ; Lučan, Radek (advisor) ; Andreas, Michal (referee)
Bats (Chiroptera) are usually considered as a group greatly endangered by destructing their habitats through the human activity. However, a significant part of bat species at the central Europe use human buildings as shelters, moreover the natural shelters are marginal or unknown in several species. Considering the linkage of the great part of our bat species to the fragmented area and in connection with a long term human influence on the central european landscape we ask whether at least part of our species see human activity through providing proper shelters as positive. Based on the analysis of landscape structure and ruggedness effect on density, diversity and population structure of bat assamblages acquired by standardized mist net captures located in lowlands (elevations below 500 m) of Czech Republic (204 localities, 3585 bats, 22 bat species), we found that even though most of reactions were species specific and few species seemed to be positively associated with urban environments, most of the bat species rely on the broad-leaved forest cover and other natural habitats such as water bodies. The most significant factor influencing sexual segregation for bats was ruggedness of surrounding landscape. Keywords: Bats, Chiroptera, fragmentation, Europe, temperate zone
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Species traits and ecological conditions linked to bird colonisation of cities
Grünwald, Jan ; Reif, Jiří (advisor) ; Sedláček, Ondřej (referee)
Human settlements are a novel habitat type and species must respond to its ongoing expansion. For effective conservation of biodiversity, it is important to understand the mechanisms underlying these responses. This thesis focuses on urbanization in birds, from both the individual and community perspectives. The aim of this thesis is to find out if there are any "pre-adaptations" in some bird species to be successful city dwellers or if all birds can potentially exploit the urban environment when local conditions allow. According to the reviewed literature, I conclude that the urbanization in birds is not a universal pattern, but there are some specific traits shared by most of the urban birds. The successful urban species are mostly omnivorous or granivorous, they breed in trees or in cavities and, they are often ecological generalists. They are sometimes represented by non-native species occurring in the cities all over the world.
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New Old Brno Return of living to the city centres
Lysá, Karolína ; Kaštánková, Jana (referee) ; Františák, Luboš (advisor)
The thesis deals with the topic of return of housing to the city centers. It is divided into three sections. In the first part I analyze the area concerned. The analytical part is followed by an urban study, which offers a solution to the reurbanization of the site. The last section is devoted to urban detail - a residential block divided into eight apartment buildings, four of which I work on at the level of an architectural study.
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Effects of urbanization on the landscape of a Modern City in Ghana: A case study of sunyani
Boateng, K. A. ; Mensah, Caleb ; Agyei, Thomas ; Švik, Marian
Changes in land use through urbanization and agriculture are the key anthropogenic effects of climate change. Thus, the preservation of natural environment of urban areas is essential for conserving water and soil, while still adjusting the microclimatic variables (temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, etc.) and stabilizing the natural ecological system from destruction. It has been observed that most parts of city's green vegetation have been lost due to housing developments and commercial activities. This study was carried out to assess the effect of the change in land use on a modern city like Sunyani, by observing the significant changes in vegetation cover from LANDSAT TM imagery over a 31-year period (1986 – 2017). From the study, there was significant decline of vegetation cover from 1986 to 1999, and no significant change from 1999 to 2017. There were also significant changes in the built-up areas from 1986 to 1999 and no significant change from 1999 to 2017. Adoption of sustainable and environmentally friendly technologies that maintain open green vegetation is recommended for future city planning.
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