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Public Choice Theory and the Russian Food Ban
Savory, Oliver ; Svoboda, Karel (advisor) ; Figueira, Filipa (referee) ; Šír, Jan (referee)
In this thesis I look at economic statecraft and try to examine why sanctions continue when they are failing, and why countries continue to use them despite debatable claims for success. For example, Hufbauer et. al.'s 2009 analysis shows sanctions only work 34% of the time, Pape (1997) estimates only 5%. Despite this economic statecraft is having a resurgence under the name "geoeconomics". This thesis builds off Kaempfer and Lowenberg's 1988 "Public Choice" theory of international economic sanctions. It hypothesises that in certain cases the domestic interests will be the primary goal of sanctions and therefore should be the primary focus of judging the success or failure of sanctions. Russia's 2014 food import ban is analysed to show that, despite failure to achieve any international goals, it is being successful at achieving the domestic goal of supporting Russian agriculture. The implications being that all current quantitative analysis of economic sanctions have potentially incorrectly measured sanctions as failures by not measuring them against the actual goals of the policies. Further research into this area to establish just how often sanctions are used primarily for domestic reasons, but even sanctions where domestic goals are only of secondary importance, their existence still needs to be...
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The Impact of International Sanctions on The Economy of Iran
Kraváček, Tomáš ; Baxa, Jaromír (advisor) ; Palanský, Miroslav (referee)
The pursue of Iran's regional ambitions since the very existence of the Islamic republic has commonly collided with the interests of other regional players such as Saudi Arabia and Israel supported by the U.S. Consequently, Iran has been often a target of various U.S. sanctions. Later, after the continuing Iranian reluctance to abide by the international rules concerning its nuclear programme, the EU joined the U.S. in sanctioning Iran. In 2012, the oil embargo was imposed by the former which dramatically reduced the value of Iranian exports. In this thesis, we apply the synthetic control method to estimate the effect of international sanctions on the economy of Iran. We estimate the possible development of Iranian GDP per capita during the 2010-2015 period had it not been for the international sanctions. Our results show a steady growth of the GDP per capita in the absence of the sanctions. In 2015, the last year of the sanctions, the difference between our estimated GDP per capita and the actual one is 1,911 U.S. dollars. Keywords synthetic control method, nuclear programme, GDP per capita, Iran, sanctions, trade, oil
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Analysis of U.S. foreign policy towards nuclear-armed states in South Asia
Freitag, Vojtěch ; Ludvík, Jan (advisor) ; Smetana, Michal (referee)
Nuclear testing conducted by India and Pakistan in 1998 raised concerns among members of the whole international community. United States under Bill Clinton administration were in the front line in the fight against spreading nuclear weapons and following the tests the U.S. condemned both states and imposed economic sanctions. India and Pakistan found themselves under strong international pressure and according to the global nuclear regime were banned from trade with nuclear materials and technology. However, the sanctions were soon lifted and United States enhanced their relationship with India and ultimately ended its nuclear isolation. In fact, the Indo-U.S. deal from 2008 basically legitimised Indian nuclear weapons program and integrated India into the global nuclear order. On the contrary, Pakistan remained excluded and similar deal with the United States seems unrealistic. This thesis explains the differences in the U.S. approach applying a modified neorealist theory, which emphasizes systematic influences and to some extent also an influence of the U.S. President on the resulting foreign policy. The thesis is conceived as a comparative analysis. Using analytical framework on three levels, structural, state and an individual level, important factors that had an effect on the improvement of...
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Public law instruments to penalise the delict of restriction of competition
Pobříslo, Matouš ; Patěk, Daniel (advisor) ; Zahradníčková, Marie (referee)
Thesis title: Public law instruments to penalise the delict of restriction of competition. This paper deals with issue of public law instruments to penalise delicts of restriction of competition in its strict sense Act No. 143/2001 Coll., Act on the Protection of Competition. The goal was to describe and evaluate the procedure for imposing sanctions, with regard on problematic institutes, and to analyze changes related to reform of administrative penalisation. This paper deals with both instruments of administrative law and criminal law. The diploma thesis is divided into seven chapters and the introduction and the conclusion. The first chapter defines the concepts of competition, competition law and its enforcement, with a focus on public enforcement of competition law. The second and third chapters deal with sanction proceedings in competition-law cases and its differences from general regulation. In particular, it describes the procedure of penalisation with attention to new procedural legislation. The fourth and fifth chapters contain a description of the particular offenses and penalties imposed for their violation. The largest part is devoted to the determination of the specific amount of the fine and the specifics of imposing fines on public authorities. The sixth chapter deals with...
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Development of the international political and economical situation in Iran during the sanction regime
Horáková, Barbora ; Havlová, Radka (advisor) ; Dubský, Zbyněk (referee)
This diploma thesis analyzes the impact of sanctions imposed on Iran by the international community due to unclear issues in the Iranian nuclear program. The aim of the paper is to find out whether the economic situation in Iran has changed due to the sanctions and whether the sanctions have had an impact on its international political position.The analysis of four macroeconomic indicators, which together form the so-called magical quadrangle, will serve to determine the development of the economy. These indicators include the development of the GDP, the inflation, the unemployment and the balance of payments. Given the dependency of the country on oil exports, the development of oil production in the period of sanctions is also being monitored.The results of the analysis show that the economic situation in Iran deteriorated over the duration of the sanctions, especially in 2012 when the European Union stopped buying Iranian oil. The second part is devoted to exploring Iran's relations with the United States, Russia and the European Union.The analysis shows that the relationship between Iran and the United States is more than by sanctions influenced by the fact that Iran is diverting from the civilian nuclear program. On the contrary, Russia maintains allied ties with Iran, which are, however, to some extent limited.This is evidenced by the fact that Russia has approved all the UN sanctions against Iran. The European Union played an important role during the negotiation processbeing the very first to start negotiating with Iran about its nuclear program. For the Union, this was also an important test of the functionality of the Common Foreign and Security Policy Institute.
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Impact of the EU sanctions against Russian federation on the company
Školová, Karolína ; Jedlinský, Jakub (advisor) ; Hasík, Gabriel (referee)
The goal of this thesis is to analyze economic impact of the EU sanctions against Russian federation on the company Crystalex CZ s.r.o. Based on the outcomes of the analysis, relations between sanctions and other collateral situations, which affect company activities, are discovered. Furthermore, detailed analysis of the financial statements is made, most of all the change in the profit and loss before and after sanctions were applied. The thesis is divided into three distinctive chapters. First chapter focuses on the term sanction itself and the overall sanction politics of the EU. Second chapter characterize the company Crystalex and its activities. In the last, third chapter, the current economic problems, caused by the sanctions, are being studied. In the conclusion, there is a summary of the collateral processes, which were also affected by the sanctions and which had significant effect on the business activities of the company.
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Impacts of the Ukrainian crisis on the Russian economy
Šimíková, Barbora ; Bolotov, Ilya (advisor) ; Černá, Iveta (referee)
This thesis aims to set a complex view on the economy of the Russian Federation and evaluate its current state in the context of the ongoing Ukrainian crisis which started in 2014. During this period significantly changed the situation on the oil market and at the same time there were introduced sanctions against Russia because of its involvement in the conflict. Therefore, Russia introduced its own sanctions in return. What is the cause of the current Russian economic crisis will try to uncover this thesis in three chapters. First chapter is dedicated to the Ukrainian crisis and to the role of Russia within the conflict. Second part analysis the Russian economy, its specifics and efficiency. Last chapter examines the impacts of the sanction regime, decrease of oil prices and the related lack of diversification and dependency on export of the recourses in the context of the monetary and fiscal policy and the impact on the selected sectors of the economy and international trade.
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Podnikání v Rusku
Yakubenko, Valeriya ; Bolotov, Ilya (advisor) ; Zlatić, Marija (referee)
The goal of my project is to figure out strengths and weaknesses of doing business in Russia and thus, overview economy of the country as a whole. Explore possible ways of development of the Russian Federation and conditions for healthy functioning of the economy. From my bachelor thesis I found out that doing business in Russia has improved over the recent years, but the economy still has a number of disadvantages and structural reforms are needed to overcome these problems and promote economic growth in the country
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Sanctions as an incentive for the development of domestic production in the Russian Federation
Shamaeva, Marina ; Čajka, Radek (advisor) ; Bolotov, Ilya (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the analysis of the impact of the economic sanctions imposed against Russia on the development of domestic production of the country. The aim of this work is to identify the causes and nature of sanctions against Russia and to determine their impact on the economy and production of Russia in particular sectors. The bachelor thesis consists of three chapters. The first chapter presents the assumptions and causes of the sanction against Russia. The second chapter describes the impact of the sanctions on the Russian's economy and on the countries that imposed the sanctions, and describes the success of the sectoral import substitution. The last chapter is practical and focuses on detecting the impact of sanctions and import substitution on Russian companies.
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