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Moderní směry ve výživě člověka
Bednaříková, Lucie
The work deals with alternative dietary guidelines with a focus on current trends in nutrition in the Czech Republic. Part of the work is devoted to development of human nutrition is also up to the current state. Nutrition currently represents an important aspect of life, for the selection of alternative types of diet is, therefore, the necessity of knowledge of rational diet. Individual nutritional guidelines are defined and compared with the principles of rational nutrition. Evaluated were also positive and negative impacts on human nutrition.
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Zhodnocení potenciálního vlivu motáka pochopa na populace drobné zvěře na Jičínsku
Nýdrle, Tomáš
The aim of this thesis was to extend the existing database of literature thematically focused on the issue of feeding ecology of predators . Further localize the marsh harrier nest on the ground and analyze the foraging ecology of prey remnants and estimate the weight of the different kinds of food. The next step to evaluate the collected data to determine the species composition and numbers of prey . Assess the food supply in the area monitored nesting sites , and factors that could affect it . Finally, data evaluation and their confrontation with the literature , and on top to achieve viable squibs impact on small game
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Awareness of the nourishement and the eating habits of the older school age children at the chosen primary schools
Hobzková, Markéta ; Marádová, Eva (advisor) ; Kovaříková, Miroslava (referee)
Title: The awareness of the nourishement and the eating habits of the older school age children at the chosen primary schools. Author: Markéta Hobzková Department: Pedagogy Supervisor: PaedDr. Eva Marádová, CSc. Abstract: This Bachelor work is divided into two parts. The theoretical part is intent on problems of eating, on the particular components of the nourishement and explaining of their importance in refering to the specific age of children. Then there are elucidated concepts of boarding with a wiev to the specific needs in the nourishement of the older school age children and described the importance of observing of the boarding habits in connection with some disorders of food intake and the obesity. The aim of the empiric part of this work is to map the pupils' knowledges in the area of the nourishement and get some information about their eating habits and to make a discovery whether there exists an affinity between children's knowledges in the area of the nourishement and the way of their fare and their nutrive preferences. The acquiring of the information was realized through the mediation of an anonymous halfstructured questionaire of the pupils of the 7th - 9th classes at some choosen primary schools. Key words: food, nutrition, eating, habit, children
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Monitoring of the Long-eared Owl (Asio otus) Population at the Town of Kladno Wintering Place
Ponikelská, Eliška ; Řezníček, Jan (advisor) ; Šmídová, Kateřina (referee)
My thesis deals with the study of the population of the Long-eared Owl (Asio otus) on a wintering place in Kladno - Kročehlavy. I mention numbers, arrivals and departures of the Long-eared Owl during the years 2013-2015 and the influence of abiotic factors on these results. I also deal with ringing and recoveries of these owls in the territory of Kladno. I verify the hypothesis of the influence of warm weather, rainfall and snow cover on the representation of small mammals and birds species in the diet of the Long-eared Owl in this thesis. In addition, my thesis is devoted to the analysis of methodology and species identification in food of the Long-eared Owl by skulls and pelvic bones. In my thesis, when determining the type of small mammals I deal with sexing of Common Vole (Microtus arvalis) and Wood Mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) of the pelvic bones. According to bone fragments of the pelvis dominant representation of male Common Voles and Wood Mouse in a certain period of winter was investigated. On the basis of the obtained results I have compiled charts and tables and I have compared them with previous research from the years 2006 - 2012 in the same study area in Kladno - Kročehlavy. Keywords: Long-eared Owl (Asio otus), diet, weather, Common Vole (Microtus arvalis), Wood Mouse (Apodemus...
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Feeding ecology of bats in the eastern Mediterranean
Žďárská, Lenka ; Andreas, Michal (advisor) ; Gajdošík, Martin (referee)
This work gives an overview of the composition of the diet of bats in the eastern Mediterranean and the Middle East, discusses the structure of bat communities in different bioregions of the area in terms of hunting strategies and resource partitioning and last but not least, how echolocation and morphological characteristics of bats affect the composition of the diet. Although some samples were relatively small therefore it is necessary to look soberly at their informative value, and thus their importance is undeniable. The study in some cases provides completely the first information regarding the composition of diet in several species. Asellia arabica mainly catches Coleoptera (Scarabaeidae), Triaenops persicus hunts Lepidoptera, but Heteroptera, Coleoptera (Scarabaeidae) and Orthoptera too, while Triaenops parvus is a specialist in hunting Lepidoptera. Rhinopoma muscatellum hunts mainly Formicoidea, followed by Coleoptera (Melolonthinae) and Heteroptera, Rhinopoma hadramauticum hunts Formicoidea. Lepidoptera of different size, Heteroptera and Coleoptera are the prey of Chaerephon nigeriae. Pipistrellus hanaki has a wide niche breadth as other species of the genus Pipistrellus. In this study Brachycera, Auchenorrhyncha and Coleoptera primarily occurred in its diet. Not yet described species of...
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Ecological Factors and their Impact on a Diet of the Long -eared Owl (Asio otus)
Gaďůrková, Kateřina ; Řezníček, Jan (advisor) ; Andreska, Jan (referee)
My thesis deals with ecology and diet of the Long - eared Owl (Asio otus). The study area a wintering place is situated near the town of Kladno. 1) The hypothesis that a high snow cover has an influence on the Long-eared Owl diet has been confirmed. 3) The thesis deals with the determination methods of small vertebrate species in Long - eared Owl's diet. The work deals with postcranial skelet as well. There was compilled the method of the sex determination in Common vole (Microtus arvalis). The sex determination was based on the morphological differences of the pelvic bones. The results (sex ratio) had been statistically tested and as such found significant. 2) There were also analyzed the skeletal remnants of the pelvic bones in the pellets. The study of the pelvic bones was carry out in order to find expected seasonal changes in the sex ratio in a dominant prey Common vole (Microtus arvalis). That hypothesis was not confirmed. Keywords: Long-eared owl (Asio otus), diet, postcranial skeleton, pelvic bones
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Identification of the main components of food in nutrient brown trout during the growing season.
ANDONIU, Andreas
The aim of this bachelor thesis was to identify main food components of brown trout in Živný brook at two localities above and under the town of Prachatice, and describe its changes during the season. Sampling took place at five dates, when at least 10 individuals was caught from each sampling site for stomach content analysis. Modified Costello method was used to visualize feeding strategy of trout from particular sampling sites. Macrozoobenthos prevailed in food of trouts from both sampling sites, however terrestrial organisms (snails and earthworm) were also found besides adults of aquatic insect. Mayfly larvae, caddisfly larvae, adult dipterans were the most numerous represenatives of macrozoobenthos found in food of trout. In spite of that, leeches, Asselus aquaticus and chironomid larvae prevailed in site E. Differences in presence of specific benthic organisms in trout´s food were recorded due to inflow from WWTP Prachatice. In influenced locality mayfly larvae or plecopteran larvae occurred less due to organic pollution whereas leeches or Asselus aquaticus withstand higher organic pollution and thus dominated in locality E. Feeding strategy of trout was therefore aimed at above mentioned organisms, especially easily catchable and frequent in macrozoobenthos community.
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Adaptation mechanism of nematodes for harsh condition survival
Čermáková, Petra ; Vadlejch, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Kyriánová, Iveta Angela (referee)
Adaptation is a complex of mechanisms, thanks to which nematodes can endure unfavourable conditions. These can come from either external or internal environment. Which one would be dominating, depends on the exact lifestyle of a certain nematode e.g. nematodes living in free nature must deal with environmental changes, parasitic ones are influenced by viability of the host, but even in this case we cannot dismiss the role of environment. There is always a mutual bond between the parasite, host, and the environment. Nematodes usually resolve emergency situations in two ways. One way is to adapt to the new conditions so they can grow and reproduce. The other way is to choose an adaptation mechanism thanks to which nematodes will survive a threat temporarily. Adaptation mechanisms can vary between individual species or various stages of the same kind of nematodes. Universal adaptation behaviour among nematodes does not exist. Adaptation mechanisms of nematodes cause changes in their physiology, metabolism, morphology, development or growth, but also in their behaviour. The aim of this thesis is to gather information from academic literature and scientific articles and provide a closer description of nematodes and their most usual and important adaptation mechanisms. This is preceded by a general description of nematode biology for better understanding of the issue. Based on this information we can comprehend why nematodes are such a successful phylum. Nematodes can be also considered as pests having a negative impact on the economic and social sphere. Further knowledge of nematodes and their mechanisms of adaptation and exploration of their surprisingly resistant forms can lead to control their regulation.
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Stable isotopes in study of diet in Ursidae, including fossil taxa.
Marková, Aneta ; Horáček, Ivan (advisor) ; Čermák, Stanislav (referee)
Composition of food of members of the family Ursidae is often discussed topic. Up to now, however, there is some uncertainty about the trophic level of some fossil groups. Very useful method which helps us to determine the trophic level of the fossil species and determine the relative proportion of plant and animal components in the recent ones is the analysis of the stable isotopes. This study summarizes present state of methodological approaches and possibilities of use of the stable isotopes 13 C and 15 N in the study of foraging ecology of bears. The results of the analysis of stable isotopes are presented together with results obtained by other methods. Attention is paid to groups for which the relevant isotopic data are available, with special emphasis on the cave bear, which trophic level is evaluated on the basis of stable isotopes analysis as well as in the evolutionary and nutrition context.
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Biology of three-toed woodpecker
Navrátil, Martin ; Fuchs, Roman (advisor) ; Reif, Jiří (referee)
In my thesis I have tried to find out how does forest management influence presence of the Three-toed woodpecker Picoides tridactylus.This species is considered a "flagship species" of an untouched primeval type of forest and therefore it requires our attention and protection. The thesis contains results of North-American studies focused on the species very similar to Picoides tridactylus. The main chapters are those aimed to provide information about how is the Picoides tridactylus affected by forest fragmentation, stand health condition and finally the impact of food supply on the occurence and behaviour of the species.
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