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The Czech Republic as an Emerging Donor Country and the Policy Change towards Aid Effectiveness
Trousil, Pavel ; Nekola, Martin (advisor) ; Horký-Hlucháň , Ondřej (referee)
In an analysis of the development of the Czech foreign aid policy, I use the advocacy coalition framework (ACF) to examine what policy change towards aid effectiveness has occurred from the mid-1990's to the present. Using this explanatory framework, I suggest that the changes towards aid effectiveness, which have occurred during this period, are minor rather than major ones. I argue that during this time the Czech foreign aid policy has been dominated by a belief system of the majority coalition that represents a realistic approach to foreign aid policy based on self-interested interests such as mutual interests, commercial motives or political and strategic interests. By the application of the ACF, I attempt to explain the policy process and the reasons why a major policy change has not occurred. In this analysis, I argue that in spite of the processes external to the policy subsystem (e.g. the occurrence of aid effectiveness movement), the minority coalition, whose belief system is mainly represented by altruistic motives and the support for increasing aid effectiveness, has not had enough policy-relevant resources to press for a major policy change. I argue that the conflict between the coalitions is driven by normative beliefs and that it is more likely that there will be incremental policy...
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Problems and perspectives of development aid: donors and developing countries
Studecký, Jan ; Kučerová, Irah (advisor) ; Hlavičková, Zuzana (referee)
The aim of this thesis called 'Problems and perspectives of development aid: donors and developing countries' are main questions of development aid in general. Basic ideas of the whole concept are defined in the first chapter. The history of development aid and international theories' perspectives of development aid are mentioned here. The second chapter consists of classifications and characteristics of developing countries together with their capacities for integration. The donors are presented in the third chapter. The main part of the thesis is the fourth chapter in which the problems of development aid are analysed on the grounds of contemporary field literature. At the beginning of the fourth chapter the qualitative problems of development aid are analysed together with the donors' motivations for its distribution. The best possible form of development aid is discussed later on - whether it is better to provide developing countries with loans or non-repayable grants. Moreover, the coordination problems within the development aid are discussed as well as possible alternatives to development aid - such as trade. The thesis pays also attention to negative consequences of development aid. Possible solutions to the problems mentioned are sketched within each sub-chapter.
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Economic Development and Fight against Poverty in Kenya
Osičková, Martina ; Stuchlíková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Pavlík, Petr (referee)
The thesis discusses economic development and fight against poverty in Kenya.The aim is to prove that the development assistance is not the the main incentive for the economic development in Kenya and the kenyan government should focus on alternative development paths. The paper tries to analyze development assistance and to find arguments against it, describes other forms of capital inflow, such as foreign trade, foreign investment and microfinance. The first chapter defines the basic concepts and puts the arguments for and against development aid. The second chapter discusses alternative paths of development. In the third chapter the paper starts with the analytical section where political and economic situation in Kenya, development aid and business environment are analyzed. The importance of foreign trade, foreign investment and microfinance is demonstrated. The last chapter analyzes the selected microfinance institutions in Kenya and it contains a case study from the field.
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Efetivita zahraniční pomoci: Případová studie Haiti
Hudáková, Miriama ; Havlová, Radka (advisor) ; Knotková, Vladimíra (referee)
My master's thesis deals with a form of soft power and foreign policy, the development aid. In the three chapters I provide an analysis of the potential impacts of such financial flows in the particular case of Haiti. This country has become an exemplar of the fact that even billions of dollars do not have to contribute to improving the economic and living conditions, on the contrary, aid in combination with incorrectly set policies can become an instrument of destruction. Using econometric models and policy analysis I examine the impact of official development assistance on the political, economic, environmental and social sector. At the end of the work I list recommendations for the future, which could contribute to improving the situation.
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Causes of poverty in African continent
Plný, Petr ; Pikhart, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Štípek, Vladimír (referee)
This work researchs whether the cause of poverty in Africa is lack of capital as it's claimed by the theory of the vicious circle of poverty or low rate of economic freedom. The validity of the theory of the vicious circle is a basic prerequisite for the provision of foreign aid. Its opponents claim it put exaggerated emphasis on the narrowly defined capital and it ignores other growth factors, especially the quality of institutions expressed by the rate of economic freedom. The results of a literature search of the vicious circle of poverty. The cumulative regression model panel data confirms the hypothesis about the statistical significance of the impact of changes in the rate of economic freedom the African country on its standard of living. The transformation of the model to models of individual effects but subsequently the hypothesis about statistical significance couldn't unequivocally confirm. Several regression models with cross-sectional data subsequently it accepts the hypothesis of African country with a higher rate of economic freedom it achieves a higher standard of living as well than countries with a lower rate of freedom.
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Has financial assistance effect on developing countries´s economic growth?
Vokurková, Lucie ; Šťastný, Daniel (advisor) ; Chytil, Zdeněk (referee)
The relationship between foreign aid and economic growth has been the subject of many debates: it augments the growth of countries with good policy environment, in countries with a higher proportion of bilateral aid over multilateral, outside the tropics or just simply with diminishing returns to aid. With the expansion of testing previous studies there is shown that generally aid in all likelihood increases the growth rate. The primary aim of thesis is to find noneconomic or nonpolitical aspects that cause difference in aid efficiency in developing countries. There is statistical significance of synergy effect of cross -- country regression with panel data of 450 observations in time period 1981-2010. It is supported by interaction term of received aid and indicators of specific institutional environment of particular states of Sub-Saharan Africa and it is conditioned on following: foreign aid increases economic growth in religion unity states and out of coastal states.
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Confessional political system and informal networks as the reasons of economic decline in Lebanon
Němeček, Stanislav ; Chalupníček, Pavel (advisor) ; Šmíd, Jan (referee)
This thesis attends the problem of institutional and political structure in a post-war economy of Lebanon. Lebanon was one of the countries in the Near east, which tried to apply principles known as Washington consensus. On this case we try to demonstrate the problem which appeared also in other countries of the world, where the same set of principles was applied and it was the insufficient attention dedicated to the issue of informal networks. We pay special attention to a confessional system in Lebanon which is based on division of powers on the basis of religion. This type of political structure produces creation of informal networks which substitute state apparatus and instigate corruption. The thesis proposes a modification of Lebanese system which will treat the institutional background with greater attention.
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Impact of foreign aid and remittances on economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa
Vokolek, Aleš ; Rod, Aleš (advisor) ; Čermáková, Klára (referee)
The aim of the bachelor thesis is to determine what impact of foreign aid on economic growth in Sub-Saharan countries is. For this purpose the foreign aid is decomposed into several groups and at the same time the difference between commitment and disbursement is taken into account. For estimation of the model the study uses the method of five and three-years moving averages as well as the method of Generalized Linear Models. According to the results there is observable a positive influence on GDP per capita in case of foreign aid for education and in case of foreign aid for private business. On the contrary, foreign aid for agriculture, foreign aid for infrastructure and debt aid have negative impact on economic growth. In case of explanatory variables as remittances and fiscal foreign aid there is no proof of their significance in the model.
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The Role of Foreign Aid in the Chinese Foreign Policy
Horák, Michal ; Knotková, Vladimíra (advisor) ; Druláková, Radka (referee)
The thesis deals with the Chinese foreign aid and its usage in Chinese foreign policy. The incentives for providing the foreign aid are examined from a general view in the first part of the thesis. In the second part the Chinese foreign aid is analysed from a general view and in the third part the particular demonstrations of its usage in the Chinese foreign policy are examined.
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Sociální podnikatelství a voda
Kotálová, Radka ; Chalupníček, Pavel (advisor) ; Minárik, Pavol (referee)
This work deals with the phenomenon of social entrepreneurship in the context of the African continent. First of all, it concentrates on the situation in Africa with respect to water and then on the importance of property rights in the resolving of the situation. Subsequently it discusses one of the common attempts to solve the water crisis, i.e. aid. The second part of the thesis is concerned with social entrepreneurship only. Firstly, from the theoretical point of view (definition, typology) and secondly, from the practical point of view (case studies of enterprises that are trying to push Africa closer to achieving the Millennium Development Goal of halving the proportion of people without access to safe drinking water).
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