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The classification of epileptogenic tissue after electrical stimulation using machine learning
Formánková, Zuzana ; Mívalt, Filip (referee) ; Cimbálník, Jan (advisor)
This thesis addresses electrophysiological biomarkers of epileptic activity after direct electrical stimulation in the classification of epileptogenic tissue. Suitable biomarkers included high-frequency oscillations, interictal spikes, changes in connectivity and signal power across frequency bands. Biomarkers were detected in iEEG recordings and their response to direct electrical stimulation was analyzed by statistical tests. Biomarker analysis demonstrated the effect of direct electrical stimulation on electrophysiological biomarkers of epileptic activity. Relevant biomarkers were selected by selection methods as signal power in the frequency band 80-250 Hz, relative entropy in the frequency band 250-600 Hz and linear correlation. Machine learning models, namely logistic regression, support vector machines and decision forest, were implemented for epileptogenic tissue classification. The support vector machines method showed the highest sensitivity (70,5 %) among the models, but the overall results were insufficient (PPV 38,5 %, F1 score 42,9 %). Despite the limitations in the performance of the classification models, this work highlights the potential of electrophysiological biomarkers in identifying epileptogenic foci and establishes a foundation for further research in the field.
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Optimizing neural network architecture for EEG processing using evolutionary algorithms
Pijáčková, Kristýna ; Maršálek, Roman (referee) ; Götthans, Tomáš (advisor)
Tato práce se zabývá optimalizací hyperparametrů neuronových sítí pro zpracování EEG signálu pomocí evolučních algoritmů. Využití evolučních optimalizace může snížit závislost na lidské intuici a empirických znalostech při návrhu neuronové sítě a může tak zefektivnit návrh neuronové sítě. V této práci byl navržen genetický algoritmus, který je vhodný pro optimalizaci hyperparametrů i pro hledání neuronové architektury. Tyto metody byly porovnány s referenčním modelem navrženým inženýrem s expertýzou v této oblasti. Data použitá v této práci jsou rozdělena do čtyř kategorií a pocházejí z Fakultní nemocnice svaté Anny v Brně (SAUH) a Mayo kliniky (MAYO) a obsahují iEEG záznamy u pacienta s epilepsií rezistentní na léky, který podstupuje předoperační vyšetření. Metoda hledání neuronové architektury dosáhla výsledků srovnatelných s referenčním modelem. Optimalizovaný model zlepšil F1 skóre oproti originálnímu, empiricky navrženému modelu z 0.9076 na 0.9673 pro data z SAUH a 0.9222 na 0.9400 pro data z Mayo kliniky. Ke zvýšenému skóre přispěla hlavně zvýšená přesnost klasifikace patologických událostí a šumu, která může mít dále pozitivní vliv v aplikacích tohoto modelu v detektoru záchvatů a šumu.
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The effect of selected cannabinoids on quantitative EEG, behaviour, and their therapeutic potential
Uttl, Libor
Cannabinoids and especially CBD are these days a highly discussed topic with a huge overlap in the media space. Their ability to interact not only with cannabinoid receptors, but also with other pathways, in combination with a huge "hype", leads, despite the not very strong evidence of their effects in clinical practice, to the testing of cannabinoids in a broad spectrum of indications. Nowadays, we have more than 150 isolated cannabinoids, but the research is focused only on the main cannabinoids like for example THC, CBD, cannabigerol, cannabichromen or hexahydrocannabinol. For our research, we have chosen the two most well- known cannabinoids THC and CBD, and our key question was not only what is the role of these cannabinoids individually, but, also, how do they interact when administered together, how do they influence behaviour and how do they interact in dependence on the method of administration. All these questions were addressed within our rat experiments. Somewhat surprisingly, we did not observe the typical cannabinoid tetrad (decreased sensitivity to painful stimuli, hypothermia, catalepsy, and overall decrease in motor activity) after the THC administration, so we wondered what would happen if we used more potent and selective synthetic cannabinoids JWH- 073, JWH-210, instead of THC....
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The effect of selected cannabinoids on quantitative EEG, behaviour, and their therapeutic potential
Uttl, Libor ; Páleníček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šlamberová, Romana (referee) ; Šustková, Magdaléna (referee)
Cannabinoids and especially CBD are these days a highly discussed topic with a huge overlap in the media space. Their ability to interact not only with cannabinoid receptors, but also with other pathways, in combination with a huge "hype", leads, despite the not very strong evidence of their effects in clinical practice, to the testing of cannabinoids in a broad spectrum of indications. Nowadays, we have more than 150 isolated cannabinoids, but the research is focused only on the main cannabinoids like for example THC, CBD, cannabigerol, cannabichromen or hexahydrocannabinol. For our research, we have chosen the two most well- known cannabinoids THC and CBD, and our key question was not only what is the role of these cannabinoids individually, but, also, how do they interact when administered together, how do they influence behaviour and how do they interact in dependence on the method of administration. All these questions were addressed within our rat experiments. Somewhat surprisingly, we did not observe the typical cannabinoid tetrad (decreased sensitivity to painful stimuli, hypothermia, catalepsy, and overall decrease in motor activity) after the THC administration, so we wondered what would happen if we used more potent and selective synthetic cannabinoids JWH- 073, JWH-210, instead of THC....
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Influence of Religiosity on Quality of Life of patients with Epilepsy
Kolská, Marta ; Javůrková, Alena (advisor) ; Nikodemová, Hana (referee)
Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to investigate how the variables Locus of Control, God Locus of Health Control and religiosity predict the quality of life of patients with epilepsy and whether these variables differ in prevalence in a healthy control group. Methods: The research group consisted of 275 patients with epilepsy examined within the neuropsychological Centre for the Treatment of Epilepsy of the Department of Neurology, 2nd Medical Faculty and Motol University Hospital. The comparison group consisted of a group of 182 healthy respondents. Respondents were interviewed using WAIS-III, EPQ R abbreviated version, BDI-II, VAS, QOLIE-89 (version 1.0) and GLHC. The t-test and the Mann-Whitney test were used to determine differences between groups. Contingency tables were used for discrete quantities. The relationship between the variables was demonstrated by Spearman's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression. The research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Motol University Hospital. Results: The resulting model of stepwise linear regression prediction of the Mean score showed that by including the variables Neuroticism HS and GLHC˃6 in the overall model, these significant variables can explain 21.44 % variability of Locus of control (R2=0.2144). It was also found...
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Rehabilitation care for children with epilepsy in the Czech Republic and in the world
Chrásková, Anežka ; Carbajo, Anna (advisor) ; Nováková, Pavlína (referee)
The goal of this bachelor thesis is to summarize rehabilitation procedures for children with epilepsy used in the Czech Republic and worldwide. The first part focuses on the general characteristics of children epilepsy from the neurological point of view, its aetiology, patho- physiology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment specific for paediatric patients. The second part deals with rehabilitation care for children with epilepsy provided in our country and other countries. In the discussion, these rehabilitation procedures are compared and evaluated. Several chapters are devoted to physical activity and cognitive rehabilitation in relation to children epilepsy, which play an essential role in rehabilitation and their importance should not be underestimated. The practical part is a case study of a paediatric patient with epilepsy, in whom we observe the changes and the effect of rehabilitation after neurosurgical removal of the epileptiform lesion. We use the Barthel Index to assess the patient's self-sufficiency, the Gross Motor Fuction Measure (GMFM) to assess his motor function, and the Box and Block test and the Nine-Hole Peg Test (9HPT) to post-assess manual dexterity. The practical part also includes a questionnaire survey on rehabilitation care of paediatric patients with...
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Quality of life and pain in patient with epilepsy
Došlová, Dana ; Javůrková, Alena (advisor) ; Nikodemová, Hana (referee)
Bacground: The bachelor thesis deals with the subjective and objective evaluation of the relationship between pain and quality of life in patients with epilepsy based on the questionnaire survey Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory (QOLIE-89), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Objectives: The aim of this qualitative study is to assess the relationship between pain and quality of life in patients with epilepsy based on scoring in the scale Pain in the questionnaire QOLIE-89 and examination of pain intensity using VAS, validation of results in the examined patient sample, assessment of pain presence and intensity and others. cognitive, affective and functional variables depending on sociodemographic and clinical variables., determining whether pain is a variable that significantly predicts quality of life in patients with epilepsy. Early understanding of the relationship between pain and quality of life helps to set up appropriate nursing care and to ensure a better quality of life for patients with epilepsy. Methods: The study population comprised 150 patients from the Center for Epilepsy Treatment of the Neurological Department 2nd Medical Faculty Charles University and the Motol University Hospital, who met inclusive and exclusive criteria. All patients were examined neurologically and...
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Effects of allopregnanolon on motor functions of young laboratory rat.
Krejčí, Lukáš ; Mareš, Pavel (advisor) ; Valeš, Karel (referee)
Allopregnanolone is a typical representative of neurosteroids. It can be formed by de novo synthesis directly in the CNS or as a metabolite of progesterone. It is an allosteric modulator of GABAA receptors, due to which it has anxiolytic, sedative and anticonvulsant effects. This work investigates the effect of allopregnanolone (ALLO) on the locomotor skills of laboratory rat pups. The results will serve as a reference study for the work of Tereza Košťálová (2020), who investigated the newly discovered neuroactive steroid pregnanolone pyroglutamate (PPG). This exogenous steroid, synthesized at the Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic (IOCB PRAGUE), offers potential use in the treatment of epilepsy. Our goal was to perform the same battery of motor tests after the application of allopregnanolone as a comparison, to what extent and in what way these two substances acutely affect the motor performance of the rat pup. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the physiological mechanisms of neurosteroids in the human body and their potential in the treatment of serious diseases, especially epilepsy. Next, the ontogenetic development of the rat's motor skills is described and compared to humans. The methodology describes the selection and...
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Education of parents of a child with epilepsy
MIKEŠOVÁ, Barbora
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterised by serious brain illness that causes unprovoked, repeating seizures. The seizure is characterised as excessive and abnormal electric activity in an individual s brain. Epilepsy is caused by various factors, among them for example genetic factors, birth defects, traumatic brain injuries, surgery, undertaken stress, infection or other illnesses and it can appear at any age. Seizures manifestation can vary in type, development, cause and treatment. A suitably indicated treatment and appropriately educated parents about epilepsy issues and lifestyle measures are the basis for an optimal child s participation in a common group without major restrictions. The aim of this thesis was to find out how the medical personnel is devoted to education of parents and a child with epilepsy diagnosis and in the same time to find out the extent of parents knowledge of suitable treatment and lifestyle measures related to this diagnosis. For the research construct, qualitative research was selected, using a half-structured interview, particularly an interviewing method. In the frame of better quality of result processing, the interviews were recorded on a dictaphone and then re-written exactly and analysed. The results were analysed through a pencil and paper method that uses coding. There were 5 fields categorised: Content of education from the side of medical personnel, Implementation of education from the side of medical personnel, Parents knowledge about lifestyle measures, Sources of information concerning lifestyle measures from the side of parents with a child with epilepsy and educational activities from the point of view of children nurses concerning lifestyle measures. The individual categories are formed by further sub-categories, in which the resulting data are represented systematically. The results are provided in a clear way in individual tables and charts of the practical part of this thesis. From the research emerged that the medical personnel is devoted significantly to parents education and their children with epilepsy in the field of diagnosis, treatment, lifestyle and first aid. However, it was interesting to discover that this education is provided mostly by a doctor, lifestyle measures including, while a nurse provides only additional education in this field. From the results also emerged that the medical personnel try to select suitable educational environment and time intervals according to needs of children as patients and their parents. The parents also have general information about the epilepsy issue and lifestyle measures. It turned out that the parents have enough information concerning medicamentous first aid and the way of given medicaments delivery, but we encounter unfamiliarity of a time border of this medicament's delivery. Parent's ignorance was also discovered in general first aid principles. From the research also emerged that the information about common issues in the field of lifestyle measures was looked for by the parents most frequently outside the hospital environment, that is in the surroundings and on the internet. We decided to form an educational plan based on the results, that can be used as a model base for practical usage by nursing personnel. The educational plan concerns the education about lifestyle measures and first aid during a seizure.
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