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Greek and Roman Influences in Creamware and Porcelain from Czech Lands from the End of 18th Century and First Half of 19th Century
Minaříková, Adéla ; Ondřejová, Iva (advisor) ; Mergl, Jan (referee)
The technique of manufacturing of creamware and porcelain was discovered in Europe during the 18th century. The objects made from these materials document the social changes and the development of the dining culture, which both occured during the 18th century. At the end of that century classical culture became a fundamental inspirational source, which had been supported both by the discoveries of the ancient towns, Pompeii and Herculaneum, and by publishing books presenting ancient art. From the end of the 18th century the creamware and porcelain objects were started to be manufactured also in the Czech lands. In this master thesis I have studied, how the ancient influences were manifested in the products of the Czech and Moravian factories, from where they came and how they were transformed. The thesis does not cover all porcelain and creamware production, however it focuses on those factory where it was possible to detect ancient influences. The approach of the particular factories was strongly different. Czech porcelain factories took over ancient themes more likely from graphic patterns used in European workshops. The shapes derived from ancient pottery do not differ too much from the older and also contemporary European examples which were used as models. However, creamware objects tried, nesides the...
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Transformations on the Camarillas in the Russian History in the 18 th century
Šínová, Lenka ; Stellner, František (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with camarilla changes of three Russian rulers. Sources and literature of this theme are dealt in the thesis introduction. Camarilla, favourite, favouritism and absolutism are defined in another chapter. Subsequent chapters deal with particular rulers, their accession to the throne, key government institutions and mainly with the most important camarilla members. Last chapter compares the three regimes. Firstly it goes in for qualifications of rulers to rule. Further it compares their favourites and then it focusses at the most successful persons who were able to maintain their position throughout several regimes and gives reply to questions if those people had common features which were reasons for success and if these positions sometimes changed or remained constant. Key words: camarilla, tzarina, regent, favourite, foreigners, 18th century, palace coups, autocracy, Cabinet of ministers, Senate, Guards
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Population in the town of Telč in 18th century, based on sources of town and cadastral provenance
MAREČEK, Jakub
This diploma thesis deals with population in the town of Telč in 18th century, based on sources of town and cadastral provenance. The issue is of particular interest as it has not been researched in greater detail yet. At first, the thesis provides an introduction to the extant literature covering the history of Telč, assessing the authors' approach, what historical epoch they consider most prosperous and their perspective of the town in 18th century. Chapter II addresses sources of town and cadastral provenance, thus introducing and evaluating the sources the thesis is based on. Chapter III addresses the regulated municipal authority in Telč. Chapter IV provides an insight into the development of town population in the Bohemian lands in 17th and 18th centuries, which enables contextualizing Telč within the development. Chapter V is dedicated to the town itself, focusing on its history in the relevant period, the town's inhabitants, external description, the Inner Town and eventually, the social pattern of the inhabitants. The social pattern is described in a detailed analysis of three houses located on the town square and their owners. In the end I will describe property structure of the town councillors who were serving in office in 1762, 1766, 1768 and 1770.
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The Concept of the Cave and the Theory of All Art
Petrasová, Taťána
The text is based on the well-known fact that in the 18th century a merging of garden theory and architectural theory occurred, and raises the question of how the theory of architecture and the theory of gardens came to be linked. In the author’s view, the two theories were brought closer by the attempt at that time to create a universal theory of all art forms as advocated by Johann Wolfgang Goethe.
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Natural disasters in the region of Rychnov in sight of folk chroniclers 1700-1800
Věchet, Jan ; Holý, Martin (advisor) ; Zdichynec, Jan (referee)
v anglickém jazyce The study of sources related to the folk provenance is often in terms of the Czech historiography a neglected issue. Especially the research of folk chronicles has reached the utmost boom in the middle of the nineteenth century and then also in the interwar years. Nowadays, the study does not attract much attention. Therefore, the aim of this work is to capture and systematize the existing knowledge on this subject. Moreover, it is necessary to emphasize and show some other possibilities of dealing with these particular sources because they are valuable work for contemporary historiographical studies such as microhistorical and cultural anthropological research. Although one might think that these annals have rather a small informative value for the traditional political historical events, they offer an interesting insight into everyday life of ordinary people living in the countryside those days. This fact can definitely help one understand traditions as it also represents tendencies and trends in attitudes and behaviour of the rural society those days. The main purpose of the thesis is to consider what motivated folk authors to note down their stories and experience in chronicles. The alarming fact is that the post-war historiography has caused a lot of confusion over the true...
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Alpine Landscape from English travel literature ( the first half of the 18th century)
Štětka, Ondřej ; Klusáková, Luďa (advisor) ; Janáč, Jiří (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to trace the image of mountains, mountain landscape and nature in selected English/British travelogues and correspondence from the first half of the 18th century containing accounts of their authors' travels to the Alpine region. Firstly, the author of the thesis briefly outlines general development of the European attitude towards mountains before the half of the 18th century. After that he introduces each of the texts and their authors individually and then examines and compares them regarding chiefly the way of mentioning, describing or valuation of mountains and mountain landscape. Finally, he presents his findings and tries to confront them with some general theses on development of the perception of mountains, nature and landscape. Key words Mountains, Alps, landscape, nature, 18th century, English/British, travellers, travelogues.
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