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Zpráva o životním prostředí v Jihočeském kraji 2015
CENIA, česká informační agentura životního prostředí
Zprávy o životním prostředí v krajích ČR jsou počínaje rokem 2015 (tedy počínaje Zprávami o životním prostředí v krajích ČR za rok 2014) každoročně zpracovávány na základě zákona č. 123/1998 Sb., o právu na informace o životním prostředí, ve znění pozdějších předpisů. Zprávy o životním prostředí v krajích České republiky navazují na každoročně vydávané publikace Zpráva o životním prostředí ČR a Statistická ročenka životního prostředí ČR a zabývají se charakteristikou stavu a vývoje životního prostředí v jednotlivých krajích ČR, aktuálními problémy a aktivitami v jednotlivých krajích ČR. Představují významný podklad informací pro politické činitele, odborné pracovníky státní a veřejné správy, i pro širokou veřejnost na národní a regionální úrovni. Každá Krajská zpráva za rok 2015 obsahuje celkem 9 tematických celků, a to Ovzduší; Voda; Příroda; Lesy; Půda a krajina; Zemědělství; Průmysl a Energetika; Doprava a Odpady. Tyto tematické celky jsou doplněny o další aktivity a problematiku jednotlivých krajů a o úvodní informaci o každém kraji. Souhrn a vzájemné srovnání 14 Krajských zpráv představuje navíc Souhrnná zpráva o životním prostředí v krajích ČR 2015. Zprávy jsou zveřejněny v elektronické podobě (http://www.cenia.cz, http://www.mzp.cz) a jsou rovněž distribuovány vybraným cílovým skupinám na USB nosičích spolu se Zprávou o životním prostředí ČR 2015 a Statistickou ročenkou životního prostředí ČR 2015.
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Zpráva o životním prostředí v kraji Hl. m. Praha 2015
CENIA, česká informační agentura životního prostředí
Zprávy o životním prostředí v krajích ČR jsou počínaje rokem 2015 (tedy počínaje Zprávami o životním prostředí v krajích ČR za rok 2014) každoročně zpracovávány na základě zákona č. 123/1998 Sb., o právu na informace o životním prostředí, ve znění pozdějších předpisů. Zprávy o životním prostředí v krajích České republiky navazují na každoročně vydávané publikace Zpráva o životním prostředí ČR a Statistická ročenka životního prostředí ČR a zabývají se charakteristikou stavu a vývoje životního prostředí v jednotlivých krajích ČR, aktuálními problémy a aktivitami v jednotlivých krajích ČR. Představují významný podklad informací pro politické činitele, odborné pracovníky státní a veřejné správy, i pro širokou veřejnost na národní a regionální úrovni. Každá Krajská zpráva za rok 2015 obsahuje celkem 9 tematických celků, a to Ovzduší; Voda; Příroda; Lesy; Půda a krajina; Zemědělství; Průmysl a Energetika; Doprava a Odpady. Tyto tematické celky jsou doplněny o další aktivity a problematiku jednotlivých krajů a o úvodní informaci o každém kraji. Souhrn a vzájemné srovnání 14 Krajských zpráv představuje navíc Souhrnná zpráva o životním prostředí v krajích ČR 2015. Zprávy jsou zveřejněny v elektronické podobě (http://www.cenia.cz, http://www.mzp.cz) a jsou rovněž distribuovány vybraným cílovým skupinám na USB nosičích spolu se Zprávou o životním prostředí ČR 2015 a Statistickou ročenkou životního prostředí ČR 2015.
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Effect of breed and storage on goat milk quality
Hončíková, Barbora ; Potůčková, Miroslava (advisor) ; Michaela, Michaela (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis was in theoretical part to summarise current knowledge about composition, physico-chemical, technological and sensory properties and cryostability of goat milk including a comparison of this characteristics for dairy goat breeds which are used for industrial and farm dairy production.
Goat milk has high nutritional and therapeutic value. It is suitable for dairy industry processing as well as cow milk. In the Czech Republic, where is traditional cow milk consumption, the interest of consumers in goat milk products increased recently. The main Czech dairy goat breeds are White and Brown-Shorthaired Goats.
In the practical part of diploma thesis were compared the 2 main Czech dairy goat breeds, White and Brown-Shorthaired Goats, with a rare breed Girgentana Goat. Cryostability of goat milk was observed for 16 weeks (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks) for White and Brown-Shorthaired breed. Characterized parameters were main components (total solid, non-fat solid, fat, lactose, crude proteins and casein), minor components (citric acid, urea, free fatty acids and fatty acid profile), physico-chemical properties (density, freezing point and titratable acidity), technological properties (cheeseability, fermentability and thermostability) and for fresh milk also sensory identity and acceptability.
It was found that milk from Girgentana Goats contains the significantly (p < 0.05) highest amount of total solid, fat and lactose. The highest amount of crude proteins (p < 0.05) was on the contrary observed in Brown-Shorthaired Goat milk H1. These two samples had also the best cheeseability (p < 0.05) but the worst sensory acceptability because of their strong goat flavour and taste. During the storage test of White and Brown-Shorthaired Goat milk samples was found significantly (p < 0.05) negative influence of storage in frozen state only on cheeseability. This could be explain by the negative changes in the conformatin of proteins, especially casein fraction.
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The use of Bach flower remedies in dogs
Křížová, Kristýna ; Barták, Miroslav (advisor) ; Klimešová, Vanda (referee)
Fytoterapy, a plant medicine is focusing itself on using effective plant substances for their following application by drug making or as a direct distribution to the patient for curing.
Patients are nowadays demanding a combination of classical and natural cure, especially after a number of evidences, which found that an extensive use of synthetic drugs can cause serious negative consequences.
On the contrary, when using natural cure of Bach flower therapy, no negative influences or harmfulness were proven, even with incorrect dosage. Flower therapy of an English doctor Edward Bach can be used for animals or humans and consists of regenerating of balance of emotional states, there fore even abnormal behavior. Bach created a system of 38 leaves, which he thoroughly examined to discover their healing effects. The only mixture which was prepared by doctor Bach in person is known as a Crisis essence. Bach believed that the actual patient and the cause of disease should be cured rather, than only the disease consequences.
During his life, Edward Bach has spread his findings further on to his colleagues on various lectures a congresses and also to a general public by the books, which he wrote. Thanks to the cooperation of Edward Bach and a homeopathic company called Nelsons, the Bach essences could be spread across the world. This tradition has persisted up to today times with every application of dr. Bach approaches and instructions.
The effect of flower essences is unique in way that makes it to possible to experience particular feelings without suffering from panic or shock, which usually occurs when using common tranquilizing mediums or anti-depressive drugs, that only suppress the perception without the problem itself being necessarily solved.
The outcome of strong emotional bindings between owner and its animal can be often described as a transition of our moods, stress, etc. onto our animal. Emotional tension can be a root cause of health problems with behavioral or nerve symptoms. The use of Bach flower therapy for animals can therefore be beneficial, because it regenerates balance and harmony of true animal temperament and cures diseases, which have originated due to living with human.
Using Flower Essence is still expanding, especially among holistic and homeopathic veterinarians and other experts, including ethologists. Unfortunately, unlike homeopathic products, in which have been done extensive tests with the treatment of animals, with Flower Essence there was only a few, if any at all. These output studies mostly work with the placebo effect and testing in human subjects did not bring general results. Recent several studies shows that at least on an emotional level, Bach flower therapy can be further studied and developed. In the near future Phytopharmacy made it its mission to explore and validate the traditional healing of herbs. Perhaps the same thing will happen with the Bach flower therapy.
Using essence is wide, in critical situations it is advisable to use the essence before veterinary treatment and as a supplement of veterinary treatment. Essence can be used directly in the mouth, which is the most common potential gain of Flower Essence by animal or also in water, food, baths and as a spray. On a properly chosen essence animals react immediately, however the response is very individual. Therefore it is also necessary to choose individual flower essences for a particular individual with a specific problem. Edward Bach divided his 38 blossoms into 7 groups, where each of them represents one of the main negative attitude. A description of which essence corresponds with which therapeutic effect and therefore treatment of problem behavior, it is necessary and we can say that even the use of Bach flower therapy with dogs is crucial.
To approach this issue, this work uses a survey, which was focused on finding the awareness of Bach Flower Therapy dog owners and its possible uses. The most common problem behavior or health problem was examined and solved with Bach flower therapy, as well as adherence to the recommended dosage.
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Quality of potato chips made of potatoes treated with carvone
Gildainová, Dana ; Klouček, Pavel (advisor) ; Fraňková, Adéla (referee)
This diploma thesis evaluates the ability of a monoterpene S-carvone (main component of caraway oil) to inhibit the sprouting of stored potatoes intended for further processing into a food products. Then it evaluates the influence of carvone's special treatment on selected qualitative parameters of potato chips.
For this experiment, two concentrations of carvone were selected (8 and 32 microliters per liter), applied altogether 4-times on stored potatoes within 3-week intervals. For this application a modified chromatograph was used to ensure a uniform dispersion of the compound. Special treatment was being done for a period of 10 minutes, while each variant of this treatment had 3 repetitions. After each treatment the inhibition effect of carvone on the growth of sprouts was evaluated. Also, there was an evaluation of the content of reducing sugars using the Luff-Schoorl method. Potato chips were repeatedly produced from the treated potatoes. Instrumental measuring of the texture of these potato chips was done on a testing device Instron. Potato chips were also a subject to a sensory evaluation to find out the degree of influence on organoleptic properties.
On the basis of the results, the inhibition effect had been confirmed only in the treatment by carvone with a concentration 32 microliters per liter. The variant of treatment by 8 microliters per liter provided the same results as the control variant. Content of reducing sugars in a tuber had not been influenced by a treatment by S-carvone. During the instrumental measuring of textural properties, a significant difference between control and variants treatment by carvone had been confirmed only after the second and fourth treatment. These chips had shown higher maximal strength needed for crunching of potato chip in comparison with the control. On the basis of the sensory profile of potato chips, no organoleptic properties had been influenced even after the fourth treatment with carvone of stored potatoes. Essential oils and its active substances represent a suitable substitution for used synthetic substances, because there had been recognized no negative effect of carvone on the qualitative parameters.
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Repatriation of Barn Owl, Little Owl and Ural Owl from the zoo Ostrava
SVOBODOVÁ, Yveta
According to the Executive Regulation No. 395/1992 Coll., the Barn Owl and the Little Owl are nowadays classified as threatened species in the Czech Republic, while the Ural owl as a critically endangered species. Landscape changes together with low food availability, increasing predation by Pine Marten, lack of nesting biotopes and nesting hollow trees, negative impact of increasing traffic, and technical traps in rural buildings, all these factors lead to a rapid decline in the owl numbers. Therefore, monitoring and reintroduction projects have been started in order to help the owl populations. This thesis focuses on recording the numbers of the Barn Owl, the Little Owl and the Ural Owl wild breeding pairs in the Czech Republic. It aims to evaluate the asset of monitoring and reintroduction to the wild populations of these species. It compiles and evaluates the numbers of chosen owl species in different localities in the Czech Republic.
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The negative effects of inbreeding in wild animals
Podhajecká, Iva ; Hofmanová, Barbora (advisor) ; Vostrý, Luboš (referee)
This bachelor thesis first explains the term of inbreeding itself, it also presents various definitions and patterns of inbreeding, that allow to determine the degree of inbreeding in an individual. Then it describes ways, in which inbreeding impacts population allele frequency and other effects influencing populations (e.g. Bottle-neck Effect, Founder Effect or Genetic Drift). Inbreeding is undesireable in nature, because it leads to inbreeding depression. That manifests itself by decreasing individuals fitness, which then has a substantial impact on populations dynamics. Main part of the thesis is then focused on wild populations of birds and mammals. The degree of inbreeding is most commonly assessed by pedigree analysis. That is a highly demanding method, as it requires a longterm population observation in the field and, in many cases, also tissue collection for genetic analysis. The last step is represented by thorough statistical analysis, allowing to determine kinship in population as precisely as possible. Based on pedigree, we can calculate coefficient of inbreeding 'F', which then allows us to determine the extent of inbreeding depression. The last part of the thesis describes effects of inbreeding on offspring fitness, reproductive success and immunity in avian and mammal populations. As each of the populations has different specifics, the base characteristics of a particular population are described first and then the impacts of inbreeding on individual fitness indicators are presented. As opposed to populations living in captivity, wild populations are adversely affected by other factors, mainly environmental, that can deepen inbreeding depression. Studies dealing with these issues are therefore extremely important, as their findings can be applied into improving of management and conservation of endangered species.
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A nurse´s work in the care of clients in the home with the special regime.
MLÝNKOVÁ, Dana
The house with the special programme is an institucion providing specific services for the people with mental disorders, while respecting their rights and individual needs of them. This bachleor thesis pays attention to the work of nurse, who is taking care for the clients just in a such type of institution. It is focused on the specific care and the risks which are connected with its role. In the houses there are placed mainly clients with diagnosis as Schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease or mental retardation. These diseases bring reduction of self-sufficience and self-control which family is not able to provide by itself. At these institutions we can often meet with the aggressive behaviour of client, going hand in hand with some of the noticed diseases. From the reason of specific care, which can appear in the work with the mental diseased clients and risks beginning here. It's necessary, that the nurses which are working in these houses are enough informed, self-reliant and well educated. Bachleors thesis is divided into two parts, both are theoretical and practical. In the theoretical part, there is description of the care history for mentally ill persons, further, there are named the present forms of care for mentally ill people and there is a short description of distribution of mental illnesses also. From the spectrum of diseases which are possible were chosen three of them Schizophrenia, Alzheimer´s disease and mental retardation. These were chosen for their highest representation in the houses with the special programme. Two goals were determined for treating of this thesis. Detection of the specifics of the nurses' work according to the care for clients in the house with the specific programme and identification of risks of the nurses' work, connected with the specific care for clients with mental disorder. For treating of this chosen topic, there was picked the qualitative method of research with the help of the semi-structual dialogue and the involved hidden observation. Practical part of thesis contains results, of the qualitative method of research, which were obtained from the dialogues with seven registrated nurses working in the house with the special programme. Nurses had various length of practice with the mentally ill clients in an interval 2-25 years. They were in the age of 35-52 years. Two interviewed nurses in the House Libníč and CSS Empatie, remaining five nurses in CSS Emausy. Both these institution are registred as the house with the special programme. Answers of the nurses were treating into two categories. Specific access of nurse and the risks for her in the house with the special programme. Every category was divided into sub-categories. The result of it was, that the specific access for the nurse is such a type of behaviour of staff, that is directed at the quiet and pleased life of client. As specific, the nurses see managing of aggression of client, activization at the house, work and duties of the key-employee and there is very special communication with the mentally ill client. Nurses expressed on the changes in the house with the special programme too. In the second category were nurses asked about the risks for them in these houses. It was found out, that the risks, termed by nurses, is aggression and negative influence of this work with mentally ill clients to psychical condition of nurse. In the dialogues, there haven´t been noticed any advantages or disadvantages for the nurses, who are engaged in these diseased.
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International Trade in Endangered Wildlife (including derivatives)
Bartůňková, Lenka ; Kašpar, Václav (advisor) ; Vošta, Milan (referee)
In the course of the 20th century the un-sustainability of international wildlife trade became apparent. European countries play a major role in wildlife trade. One third of total wildlife imports is destined to the EU which makes EU responsible for the protection of world wildlife and should motivate the EU to be a model in biodiversity protection. Regulation of wildlife trade in the EU is discussed in chapter 1. Trade in wildlife and its derivatives is among the most profitable branches of the international trade. Animals are traded in different forms. Birds are usually traded live (for the pet trade), mammals are traded for their fur, butterflies for their bodies, reptiles for their skins, the highest value is attained by trade in fish. In some categories (live birds, caviar) EU imports more than the rest of the world combined. The EU plays a major role as an importer in other categories as well. The magnitude, value and trends of international wildlife trade are discussed in chapter 2. Profitability of the wildlife trade, strong demand for some products and imperfect implementation of CITES result in the development of illegal trade. Illegal wildlife trade is dominated by organized criminal groups that also deal in drugs and human trafficking. Illegal wildlife trade is linked to severe risks and dangers to both the source country and the recipient. More on illegal wildlife trade in chapter 3. EU imports one third of all legally exported wildlife products. It is also the importer of a majority of illegal wildlife products. Having one of the highest standards of living and seeing that the care of environment cannot be limited by political borders, the author of this thesis concludes that it is logical and imperative that the EU engages in improvement of wildlife protection in less developed countries of the world. The last chapter deals with conservation of Cameroonian Dja Biosphere Reserve and with the attempt of large EU's environmental programs to improve conservation in Cameroon.
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Determinants of tax revenue in OECD countries over the period 1999-2013
Tran, Tung Thanh ; Komrska, Martin (advisor) ; Chytil, Zdeněk (referee)
This bachelor thesis analyses impact of selected factors (economic, institutional and social-demographic) on tax revenue in 27 OECD countries. Four econometric models were estimated, based on panel data from the period 1999 to 2013. Analysed determinants of dependent variable are GDP per capita, shadow economy, openness to trade, civil liberties, corruption, population density and agriculture share in GDP. Results show that GDP per capita, as an indicator of the overall level of economic development, and even shadow economy have significantly positive effect on tax revenue. It was also found that agriculture share in GDP, corruption and quite surprisingly against my assumption civil liberties are negatively correlated with tax revenue.
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