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Defence against trade mark piracy
Kutková, Petra ; Boháček, Martin (advisor) ; Čada, Karel (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to analyse different instruments of defence against trade mark piracy. The thesis composes of seven chapters. Chapter One is introductory and defines basic terminology used in the thesis: trade mark, community trade mark, registration of the trade mark by the Industrial Property Office, etc. Chapter Two focuses on the term "trade mark piracy". It divides defence against it into two different means -- dispute proceedings by the Industrial Property Office and judicial instruments. Chapter Three concentrates on comments on the ineligibility for enrolment of the trade mark designation and reasons for taking these comments. The chapter Four analyzes different types of the proposal for the revocation of the trade mark -- nonusage and using the trade mark in conflict with the unfair competition regulation. The chapter Five looks at the declaration of already-registered trade marks as invalid. Different reasons for taking a proposal of declaration are examined there. The chapter Six describes different types of appeals against decisions of the Industrial Property Office. The last chapter summarizes results of the questionary about use of the instruments against trade mark piracy.
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Consumer loans and their impact on the debtor´s social situation
KOKEŠOVÁ, Petra
The bachelor's thesis entitled Consumer credits and their impact on the social situation of debtors investigates the causes and consequences of entering the credit contracts. Borrowing money becomes a risky phenomenon and has a very negative impact on the society. The theoretical part of the thesis describes the legal regulation of consumer credits and motivation of persons to enter them. It describes the causes leading to inappropriate indebtedness of persons, being normally not able to get a credit in view of their income. It refers to the facts stated in the business terms and conditions and practices of sellers and companies. Thanks to arrangements in the business terms and conditions which are an inseparable part of the contract and which are accepted by signing by the client, it may be agreed that a not paid claim may be ceded to a lawyer's company for collecting. In such a case, the debtor is obliged to pay also the costs of legal representation. The occurred claims are increased considerably by the court or arbitration proceedings. The people's low knowledge of this issue is confirmed also in the conclusion of bachelor's thesis. In the practical part of the research, three research questions were formulated: 1) Do the respondents use the consumer credits for the necessary subjects or services? 2) Does the company elaborates a financial plan for the borrower to estimate if he/she will be able to meet its obligation? 3) What impacts had exacting the claim on the social situation of the respondent or its family? 8 persons utilizing the services of Consulting Centre ? Equal Chances for Everybody operated by Jihočeská Růže o.s. took part in the research. The talks were performed individually and anonymously. The qualitative method of questioning and analysis of contents of documents deepening the research were applied. These documents were 315 credit contracts from a non-banking company which are handed over for collecting to a lawyer's office. The task of this thesis was to find out if the persons entering credit contracts behave maturely, if they think about the consequences of this behavior; if the inability to pay occurs only for external reasons or if these persons act rashly with the target to satisfy their momentary needs. The thesis shall research the purpose for which the households are inclined to enter credit contracts. I deepened this research also by the analysis of not paid credit contracts. By means of interviews with respondents I tried to describe the consequences of the financial burden of repayment of the claim on their life or life of their family. It was confirmed by the research that the concern are less necessary and more expensive goods. Lower share represented the credits for standard equipment of households. These goods were mostly electronics as notebooks and TV-sets. The talks with respondents confirmed also the statement that the credits are also used to pay the debts of another creditor. The respondents, who are not able to meet their obligations do not create any financial plans. This shows the low responsibility rate of these persons. Before entering the contract, they do not compare the products and do not ask about credit parameters. The research confirmed the prognosis of experts. The financial burden had a negative impact on the life of the family resulting in consideration of divorce. The respondents had negative psychological consequences manifested in the form of stress and depressions. The financial burden caused by collecting claims resulted in several cases in the inability to pay further obligations as e.g. housing. In one case, economic and cultural limitation occurred.
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The constitutional complaint and civil proceedings
Toman, Jaroslav ; Smolík, Petr (advisor) ; Winterová, Alena (referee)
Závěr Oblast lidských práv se neustále vyvíjí a s ní se vyvíjejí i mechanizmy, které by měly zajistit jejich dodržování. Lidská práva hrají ve společnostech vyspělých zemí tak významnou úlohu, že jejich prosazování je někdy dovedeno ad absurdum. Příkladem toho mohou být některé kauzy ve Spojených státech, o kterých se čas od času dovídáme z tisku. Pozor je třeba si dát i na zneužívání lidských práv k jiným, než právem aprobovaným účelům. Největšími problémy, se kterými se v právní praxi setkáváme, jsou případy střetu dvou či více lidských práv či svobod, kdy nelze najít jiné řešení, než že se omezí jedno subjektivní právo, aby byl učiněn volný průchod jinému. V takovém případě je na zvážení příslušného orgánu, kterému ze dvou kolidujících práv dá v daném případě přednost. Že se nejedná o úlohu nikterak snadnou, dokládají i některé případy řešené Ústavním soudem, které jsem se snažil blíže rozebrat v této práci. Institut ústavní stížnosti považuji v demokratickém právním státě za nezbytný doplňující prostředek ochrany práv dotčených orgánem veřejné moci. V posledních dvaceti letech byly učiněny radikální změny v právním řádu, soudnictví, politickém zřízení, hospodářském systému i v dalších oblastech společenského života a je velice těžké rychle se v "novém prostředí" orientovat. Soudní moc není jedinou...
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The causes of the civil war in Côte d'Ivoire
Řehák, Vilém ; Kumsa, Alemayehu (referee) ; Kropáček, Luboš (advisor)
Prakticky ve všech afrických koloniích došlo v období po druhé světové válce k výraznému nárůstu politické aktivity mezi místním obyvatelstvem. Již existující kulturní, zájmové či odborové organizace se formalizovaly a přeměnily v politické strany, které mezi sebou sváděly volební boj o místa v různých nově ustavovaných či transformovaných koloniálních shromážděních, byť tato byla povětšinou stále ovládaná kolonizátory. Obecně můžeme model těchto institucí popsat tak, že většina míst byla vyhrazena evropským zástupcům, voleným evropskými usedlíky, zatímco z masy Afričanů měl jen zlomek volební právo, a tento zlomek pak volil své zástupce. Tato shromáždění navíc měla len velmi omezené pravomoc! (v předválečném období často působila pouze jako poradní orgány, po válce získala například Územní shromáždění (Assemblée Territorial) 1 ve frankofonních koloniích pravomoci v oblasti ekonomické, respektive rozpočtové, politická rozhodnutí však nadále zůstávala v rukou francouzské administrativy). I přesto byly africké masy vtaženy do politického procesu. V padesátých letech docházelo k rozšiřování práv afrického obyvatelstva včetně práva volebního, a analogicky s tím také rostla politická aktivita nově vzniklých afrických politických stran. Koncem této dekády již bylo zřejmé, že otázka není, zda africké kolonie...
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Legal capacity of minors in Czech and German law
Kočárková, Marta ; Dvořák, Jan (advisor) ; Elischer, David (referee)
This thesis is focused on legal capacity of minors. The main issue is an extent and circumstances under which minors are legally incapacitated to oblige themselves and to influence their own legal relationships. The thesis is divided into four main parts. The first part is focused on general definition of legal capacity and the basic concepts of dealing with limited legal capacity. Second part is dealing with evolution of legal capacity from the foundations set by roman law, it's development on Czech territory to the approval of recent civil code and development in Germany. Third part contains an interpretation of German legislation. I pursue the German legislation first because it is very sophisticated and provides us with plenty of vantage points on different aspects of the Czech legislation. The part dedicated to the German legislation subdivided into two chapters, where the first one focuses on general characteristics of the legislation and the principle of graduated legal capacity of minors and the second part deals with minors without legal capacity and minors with limited legal capacity. In the fourth part the Czech legislation is analyzed. First I focus on consideration of minors' capability to act independently with legal effects, then on evaluation of nature of legal acts, representation...
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Legal consequences with respect to the breach of contract under civil law
Novák, David ; Švestka, Jiří (advisor) ; Salač, Josef (referee)
S u m m a r y The goal of this thesis is to analyse the legal consequences of the breach of contract, especially under civil law, although, some essential comparison with legal regulation of commercial law is given, too. The text is divided into ten chapters. In the introduction, i. e. in the first two chapters the term of contract is defined and then the basic legal principles of the contractual law are enumerated and described in respect of the topic. The third chapter deals with the subject of the paper globally and shortly characterises each consequence of the breach of contract. The account of them is also given. The following chapters provide complete information how every consequence works and which part it plays in the Czech legal system. Specifically, Chapter Four is focused on debtor's delay and Chapter Five on creditor's delay. Chapter Six investigates liability for damage and damages a bit, as well. Chapter Seven deals with liability for defects and Chapter Eight is about contractual fine. In Chapter Nine is mentioned discharge of contract and its consequences. Each of in this paragraph enumerated chapters describes its subject itself and also relevant related problems in context with practice of the courts. In the last chapter, i. e. in the Conclusion is the whole topic shortly summarized with...
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The relationship between liability for damage and liability for defects
Valachovičová, Petra ; Švestka, Jiří (advisor) ; Salač, Josef (referee)
Résumé My diploma is focused on mutual relationship between the title from liability for damage and the title from liability for defect. Firstly, I tried to explain every institute separately and in the end of my work I dealt with their interrelation. In the first Chapter I outline a picture of civil liability in the level of juristic theory and I bring a view on the origin and content of civil liability. In this Chapter I point out that the understanding of the term of civil liability is non-uniform, which leads to serious opinion fragmentation. One of the main tasks of the legal order is to ensure the protection of the society and individual from the conception of damage with the aid of legal rules together with coercive state authority. It means that the protection of their health, property, as well as nature and the environment should be provided. Legal order realizes this task through the prevention of damage conception, what was the object of the second Chapter. I place emphasis on general and special prevention and I clarify in what they vest. General duty prevention imposes to everybody to act so, that no damage to health, property, nature or the environment will happen. Subsequently, special duty prevention imposes to the person, who possesses the risk of damage, to act within the context of its...
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The Ombudsman and his relationship to the judicial power
Rybová, Lucie ; Matula, Miloš (advisor) ; Grospič, Jiří (referee)
The aim of the thesis is to characterize the institution of the Ombudsman, his place in the distribution of powers and, above all, to analyze its relationship to the judicial power. The thesis is divided into five parts, with the first three parts focused on the theoretical description of the institution of the Ombudsman and its role in the control system of public administration. The fourth part characterizes the institution of the Ombudsman, his place in the distribution of power and its relationship to the judicial power. The fifth part is focused specifically on the relationship of the Ombudsman and the courts. The institution of the Ombudsman has the duty to protect citizens against acts of authorities, which may be in conflict with the law, against their inactivity and against the behavior that does not conform to the principles of good governance and the principles of the rule of a democratic State. Unlike an Ombudsman, the courts only protect citizens against unlawful acts. The courts have the availability to render decisions which are enforceable by the State power. The relationship between the Ombudsman and judicial power is characterized by a high degree of independence.
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Open licenses and their compliance with the new private law (new civil code)
Kráľ, Štefan ; Boháček, Martin (advisor) ; Průša, Jiří (referee)
Computer programs are widely licensed under open (public, open source, free) licenses. This thesis examines whether the open license (especially GNU GPL) is in compliance with the Czech law and which business models are used to generate profit distributing open computer programs. On the basis of analysis of legislation, case law and doctrinal literature the author assesses whether open licenses are admissible under the new Civil Code. The thesis also provides an overview of commonly used business models for capitalizing open computer programs.
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Current legal issues of copyright infringement of musical works
Kubešová, Eliška ; Boháček, Martin (advisor) ; Votava, Tomáš (referee)
This diploma thesis identifies the most important changes in legislation and submitted proposals in the area of copyright between years 2012 and 2013 and in the beginning of 2014 in the Czech Republic, the EU and the USA. These changes are evaluated from a legislative point of view and also from the point of view of a music consumer. For thorough understanding, the thesis contains also an overview of the current Czech legislation of copyright. Furthermore, it evaluates the current situation in a broader context of law, history, technology, culture and consumer behaviour and defines it as opposed to previous periods. It describes the history of music piracy and its current situation and features some of the most important cases of copyright enforcement of the period 2012 to 2014. The thesis contains also a research performed in the Czech Republic and Sweden, which describes past and present habits of music listeners. Following the identification of previous development and current trends, the thesis discovers future development and suggests future solutions to the problem of copyright in music.
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