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Small mammals in diet of barn owl in the Eastern Meditarranean
Šindelář, Jiří ; Horáček, Ivan (advisor) ; Anděra, Miloš (referee)
The extensive material of skeletal remains of mammals from a diet of barn owl in the eastern Mediterranean has been processed and evaluated with different techniques of chorological and morphometric analysis. At least 8400 individuals of 45 species of insectivores, rodents and bats were found in our total collection of samples, which represents a significant portion of fauna of the region. We have evaluated a chorological composition of the taphocoenoses and the interregional differences, manifested primarily by differences in the representation of satellite and accessory elements. We found a highly significant impoverishment of the isolated island taphocenoses (Cyprus, Karpathos, partly on Crete), where Cricetidae, Arvicolidae, C. leucodon etc. are missing. On the other hand the essential part of the dominance structure takes up the Rattus rattus, which acts here as an invasive species, significantly more successful than in the ragged continental contexts. The species diversity of the examined samples is positively correlated with the geographic latitude (taphocenoses of the northern regions are significantly richer) and negatively with the island effect and the degree of aridization. The morphometric analysis of the three most abundant species of Soricidae within the studied region showed...
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Population structure of flower chafer Oxythyrea funesta (Poda, 1761) and phylogeny of the genus Oxythyrea Mulsant, 1842
Vondráček, Dominik ; Šípek, Petr (advisor) ; Bezděk, Aleš (referee)
Eleven species are distinguished in the genus Oxythyrea Mulsant, 1842 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) nowadays. They are not divided into subspecies. Diversity of the genus is concentrated in the Mediterranean and Oxythyrea funesta (Poda, 1761) inhabit a wide area in the western Palearctic Region. It was observed in last decades, that O. funesta retreated from central Europe to south and then recolonized it back including new areas in northern regions. Master thesis is focused on resolving population structure of O. funesta and partial phylogeny of the genus Oxythyrea using molecular genetic methods. 145 individuals of O. funesta and 15 individuals of five other species of the genus Oxythyrea appear in analysis. We acquired sequences of mitochondrial genes cytochrome oxidase I (807 bp), cytochrome b (381 bp) and nuclear gene internal transcribed spacer 1 (946 bp) from these specimens. The results of phylogenetic analysis confirmed so far the only one existing interpretation of relationships within the genus Oxythyrea based on morphological data. We also confirmed complicated relationships between O. funesta and O. pantherina, which also appear in the historical development of their taxonomy. We detected different genetic lineage in Sicily, southern Italy and Tunisia using phylogenetic trees and haplotype...
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Phylogeography of Pipistrellus pipistrellus species complex
Chudárková, Adéla ; Hulva, Pavel (advisor) ; Janko, Karel (referee)
(in English) Pipistrellus pipistrellus species complex contains two sympatric species inhabiting Europe and part of West and Central Asia (Pipistrellus pipistrellus s. str, Pipistrellus pygmaeus s. str) and several other lines, isolated in the Mediterranean (North Africa, islands and peninsulas of the Mediterranean Sea). This taxon is a part of the extensive radiation within the genus Pipistrellus, which in today's concept includes about 30 species. Mosaic line of P. pipistrellus complex, located at different stages of diversification and secondary contacts in the Mediterranean biodiversity hotspot, is a suitable model for research on speciation. In this thesis we focused on analyses of distribution, phylogeography, population structure and demography based on mitochondrial data from 323 individuals, representing almost the entire range. Control region of mitochondrial DNA was chosen as a genetic marker. Variability in the 378 pb long fragment acknowledged the existence of several genetically distinct lines whose species status is discussed. Observed fylogeografic pattern confirms the existence of groups of radiation centers in the Mediterranean region. An allopatric speciation was there, two of the lines (P. pipistrellus s. str and P. pygmaeus s. str.) later expanded into Europe and their ranges...
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Land Abandonment in the Mediterranean Effects on Butterfly Communities with Respect to Life History Traits
ŠLANCAROVÁ, Jana
This thesis deals with the effects of changing land use, following landscape abandonment, on butterfly communities in the Mediterranean Basin. It consists of three case studies. The first focuses on the effects of forest encroachment on butterflies in the Southern Balkans; the second studies butterfly communities in Portuguese 'montados' and the third explores demography and life histories of three co-occurring Papilionidae butterfly species (Archon apollinus, Zerynthia polyxena and Zerynthia cerisy) in Greek Thrace. The results describe shifts in butterfly communities, detectable even at the level of individual species life history traits, with increasing forest encroachment. The preference of range-restricted Mediterranean endemics for either grasslands or open woodland formations contributes to falsifying the forested Mediterranean hypothesis, favouring a hypothesis of finely grained landscape mosaic instead. This mosaic is currently threatened by land use change and biodiversity homogenisation. Maintaining habitat and landscape heterogeneity is crucial for conserving the Mediterranean biodiversity hot-spot.
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Historie spolupráce mezi státy ve Středomoří a Barcelonský proces s jeho důsledky
Tomková, Marianna ; Zamykalová, Miroslava (advisor) ; Novotná, Yvona (referee)
In this bachelor thesis I aim to analyze the development of relations between the northern and southern Mediterranean. I focus on monitoring the approach of individual European countries to their neighbors in the Mediterranean and the adopting of a common policy by the EC/EU towards the Mediterranean. From Brussels' perspective and starting with the Barcelona Process and also in the Union for the Mediterranean this concept has many advantages: the southern and eastern Mediterranean countries have always been closely connected to Europe. They represent a greater objective than the rest of the region economically, politically and also in terms of European security. In the last chapter I focus on the latest political developments in the Arab world and how they could affect the approach of the EU towards the region. I use official EU sources, textbooks by doc. Ing. Cihelková, statistical data from UNCTAD and newspaper articles concerning recent news in Arab countries.
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The Relations between the European Union and the Mediterranean: the potential and risks
Bukovská, Marta ; Hnát, Pavel (advisor) ; Antal, Jarolím (referee)
The Mediterranean region is due to its geographical location and historical ties to the European countries from the period of colonial administration one of the key areas of external relations of the European Union. The objective of this thesis is to characterize Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries in terms of what positives they can offer to the European Union in the field of economy and trade and in terms of what risks, on the contrary, their mutual cooperation can bring to the EU. Firstly, the paper compares the individual Mediterranean economies in the areas of economy, energetics and migration, then it analyses the trade relations in the Euro-Mediterranean region and deals with the progress of the Euro-Mediterranean Free Trade Area. Finally, the paper tries to assess some possible benefits and potential risks of the cooperation of the two regions within the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership.
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The prospect of the Euro-Mediterranean relations in the context of political stability in the region
Šantrůček, Martin ; Hnát, Pavel (advisor) ; Nováková, Jana (referee)
European Union as a key actor on the international scene is interested in deepening relations with neighbouring regions and countries. One of these regions is the Mediterranean, region, which is currently facing several problems that slow the development of this area and also disable to profit from the potential that Euro-Mediterranean cooperation has. The aim of this paper is therefore to reveal the key problems and focus on the approaches which European Union helps to deal with them. It shows the differences in approach by European neighbourhood policy and Barcelona process: Union for the Mediterranean. The last part of this paper tries to propose some changes in the Euro-Mediterranean relations, which can help to increase the effectiveness of this cooperation.
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Immigration to the EU focused on the Mediterranean region
Janičkovičová, Lýdia ; Vošta, Milan (advisor) ; Kašpar, Václav (referee)
The thesis discusses the transformation of southern European countries, Italy and Spain, from traditionally countries of emigration into countries of immigration. It starts from historical migration flows which result in so-called Mediterranean model of immigration characteristic for the region in the last two decades. The paper analyses the composition of immigrants in both countries, focusing on the ethnic composition, the motives of residence and employment status compared with overall employment in the EU context. Since the south European countries concerned are significantly affected by inflows of migrants by sea in recent years, the thesis also focuses on problematic areas of the Mediterranean, detention centers and cooperation with source countries. The main aim of this work is to analyze how these two countries handle the phenomenon of immigration and what recourse did they choose in creating their own immigration policies towards both legal and illegal immigration. The second objective is then to bring some comparison of the two countries in the approaches to integration of immigrants.
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Mediterranean: characteristics of the region and relations with EU
Malinová, Lucie ; Steinmetzová, Dana (advisor) ; Vondrušková, Barbora (referee)
This work provides basic information about the Mediterranean area and its relations with EU. Mediterranean area includes eleven states: Morocco, Tunisia, Turkey, Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Syria, Lebanon, Palestinian occupied territories, Jordan and Libya. First chapter of the work focuses on the economic situation of recent years and main problems which characterised this region. Second part concerns the external relations of the Mediterranean with EU. In November 1995, fifteen EU member states and twelve Mediterranean states (ten after Cyprus and Malta joined the EU) agreed on the Barcelona Declaration. This Declaration, which founded the Euro-Mediterranean partnership, aimed at achieving peace, stability and growth in the region. It covers political, economic and social cooperation and represents a turning point in Euro-Mediterranean collaboration. The most active state from EU in developing euro-Mediterranean relations is France. French priorities and interests in Mediterranean area are described in the last chapter of the work.
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Union for the Mediterranean as a result of the Barcelona process
Bryndová, Kateřina ; Dubský, Zbyněk (advisor) ; Abrhám, Josef (referee)
This diploma paper analyses the Barcelona process and the Union for the Mediterranean. It aims to answer the question wether the Union for the Mediterranean is the continuation of the Barcelona process and to show the relations, similarities and differences. It is divided into three chapters. The first chapter characterizes the Mediterranean region and its importance for European Union. The second chapter describes the emergence and progress of Barcelona process. It also evaluates the Barcelona process. The third chapter is about the Union for the Mediterranean, its progress and its actual problems.
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